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Definition of Standard Atmosphere

Atmosphere: Standard Atmospheric Pressure

The standard atmosphere (atm) is a unit of pressure defined as exactly 101,325 pascals. It represents the typical atmospheric pressure at sea level under standard conditions. The atmosphere is commonly used as a reference point for pressure measurements and is particularly important in chemistry, physics, and meteorology for defining standard conditions.

Conversions to Other Units of Measurement:

  1. Pascal (Pa): 1 atmosphere equals exactly 101,325 pascals. This is the definition of the standard atmosphere.
  2. Bar: 1 atmosphere equals exactly 1.01325 bar. The bar was designed to be close to atmospheric pressure. For example, 2 atm equals 2.0265 bar.
  3. PSI: 1 atmosphere equals approximately 14.6959 psi. This is a fundamental conversion for many applications. Standard atmospheric pressure is often approximated as 14.7 psi.
  4. Torr: 1 atmosphere equals exactly 760 torr. This relationship comes from the original definition of the torr based on mercury column height.
  5. Millibar (mbar): 1 atmosphere equals exactly 1013.25 millibar. This is commonly used in meteorology for weather maps.

The atmosphere provides an intuitive reference for pressure, being directly related to the air pressure we experience daily at sea level.

Definition Standard unit of atmospheric pressure defined as exactly 101,325 pascals. Exact factor 1 atm = 101,325 Pa (exact) Common equivalents
  • 1 atm = 760 torr (exact by definition)
  • 1 atm = 1.01325 bar (exact)
  • 1 atm ≈ 14.6959 psi
Sources
  • BIPM — SI Brochure
  • NIST SP 811

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