420 (cannabis Culture) - Wikipedia

Number referring to cannabis

420 originally "4:20 Louis"
Statue of Louis Pasteur at San Rafael High School, by Benny Bufano (1940),[1][2] site of the earliest 4:20 gatherings in 1971
Observed by	Cannabis counterculture, legal reformers, entheogenic spiritualists, and general users of cannabis
Type	Secular
Significance	Time/date to celebrate cannabis
Observances	Cannabis consumption, traditionally cannabis smoking, dispensary discounts
Date	4:20 p.m./April 20
Frequency	Daily, annually

"Four twenty" redirects here. For the number, see 420 (number).

420, 4:20 or 4/20 (pronounced four-twenty) is cannabis culture slang for cannabis consumption, especially smoking around the time 4:20 p.m. (16:20). It also refers to cannabis-oriented celebrations that take place annually on April 20 (4/20 in U.S. date form).[3][4]

Origins

[edit]

Five high school students in San Rafael, California,[5][6] coined the term as part of their 1971 search for an abandoned cannabis crop, based on a treasure map made by the grower.[7][8] Calling themselves the Waldos,[9][10] because their typical hang-out spot "was a wall outside the school",[11] the five students—Steve Capper, Dave Reddix, Jeffrey Noel, Larry Schwartz, and Mark Gravich[12]—designated the Louis Pasteur statue[13] on the grounds of San Rafael High School as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.[11] The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a code-word the teens used to refer to consuming cannabis.[7]

Steven Hager of High Times popularized the story of the Waldos.[14] The first High Times mention of 4:20 smoking and a 4/20 holiday appeared in May 1991[15] and erroneously attributed the origin of the term to a police code; this and other spurious origin stories became common.[16] The connection to the Waldos appeared in December 1998. Hager attributed the early spread of the phrase to Grateful Dead followers[17]—after "Waldo" Reddix became a roadie for the Grateful Dead bassist, Phil Lesh[12]—and called for 4:20 p.m. to be the socially accepted time of the day to consume cannabis.[17]

Another San Rafael group claims to have originated the term before the Waldos.[18]

International observance of April 20

[edit]

April 20 has become an international counterculture holiday based on the celebration and consumption of cannabis.[3][19][20] Events typically advocate for cannabis liberalization and legalization. Vivian McPeak, a founder of Seattle's Hempfest, states that 4/20 is "half celebration and half call to action".[21] Paul Birch calls it a global movement and suggests that one cannot stop events like these.[22]

Many marijuana users protest in civil disobedience by gathering in public to smoke at 4:20 p.m.[23]

In 2017, while marijuana legalization was expanding rapidly in the US,[24] cannabis activist Steve DeAngelo notes that "even if our activist work were complete, 420 morphs from a statement of conscience to a celebration of acceptance, a celebration of victory, a celebration of our amazing connection with this plant" which "will always be worthy of celebration".[25][26]

Americas

[edit]

North American observances have been held at many locations, including:

• New York City: Washington Square Park in Manhattan[27]
• Boston: Boston Common[28]
• San Francisco: "Hippie Hill" in Golden Gate Park near the Haight-Ashbury[29]
• Santa Cruz: Porter College meadows at the University of California, Santa Cruz[30][31]
• Washington, D.C.: National Mall, United States Capitol[32][33]
• Vancouver: The Vancouver Art Gallery[34][35] and Sunset Beach between 2016 and 2019.[36]
• Montréal: Le Mont Royal George-Étienne Cartier Monument[37][38]
• Denver: Civic Center Park[39]
• Ottawa: Parliament Hill and Major's Hill Park[40][41]
• Edmonton: The Alberta Legislature Building[42]
• Boulder: campus of the University of Colorado Boulder[6][43][44][45][46]
• Toronto: Nathan Phillips Square[47] and Sankofa Square[48]
• Berkeley: campus of the University of California, Berkeley on the Memorial Glade north of the Doe Memorial Library.[49]
• Mexico City: Mexican Senate under the slogan Planton 420.[50]
• Ann Arbor: Hash Bash
• St. Louis, Missouri: Loop 420 Fest at Delmar Loop (University City)[51]

Europe

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, events have been held in Hyde Park in London.[52][53] Events have also been held in Brighton, Bristol, Durham, Glasgow, Leeds, and Plymouth. The Teesside Cannabis Club also holds an annual event.[54][55]

In Ljubljana, Slovenia, the University of Ljubljana's student organization has carried out several annual cannabis-themed protests that have contributed to the debate on cannabis status in Slovenia and the subsequent legislation proposals in 2018 by gathering responses from various political parties in Slovenia and ranking them accordingly.[56][57]

In Northern Cyprus, known for strict drug laws and intolerance to cannabis consumption,[58] the first 420 event was held in the capital city Lefkoşa in 2015. On April 20, 2017, a small group of protesters carried out an event near the parliament building and made a public statement, demanding the legalization of cannabis sale, consumption, and production with state regulations.[59]

Oceania

[edit]

Australian observances have been held at many locations, over many years, including:

• "Who Are We Hurting?" – Sydney City: Martin Place, NSW (2019)[60][61]
• 420 Picnic – Melbourne, VIC (2019)[62]
• "Who Are We Hurting?" – Sydney, NSW (2018)[63][64][65][66]
• "Who Are We Hurting?" – Sydney City: Kings Cross, NSW (2017)[67][68]
• Happy Birthday Weed Craze Collective – Sydney, NSW (2016)[69]
• 420 Protest at Sydney Town Hall by Jesse Willesee – 2015[70][71]

Events have been held in Dunedin, New Zealand, at the University of Otago.[72][73][74][75][76][77]

Other effects

[edit]

Part of a series on
Cannabis
Arts Culture 420 (chan) Books Magu (deity) Names Religion Judaism Latter-day Saints Sikhism Smoke-in Spiritual use Sports Stoner film Stoner rock Terms
Chemistry Phytocannabinoids Main THC Dronabinol (INN) CBD Minor delta-3-THC delta-4-THC delta-7-THC delta-8-THC delta-10-THC delta-11-THC THCB THCH THCP CBDH CBDP Semi-synthetic cannabinoids THC-O-acetate Synthetic cannabinoids AM AM-2201 CP CP-55940 Nabilone Dimethylheptylpyran HU HU-210 HU-331 JWH JWH-018 JWH-073 JWH-133 Levonantradol MDMB-CHMICA SR144528 WIN 55,212-2
Pharmacology Cannabinoid receptors Cannabinoid receptor type 1 Cannabinoid receptor type 2 Endocannabinoids (activate cannabinoid receptors) 2-AG Anandamide NADA Virodhamine
Consumption Drinks Edibles Smoking Tea Conversion of CBD to THC Vaping Adult lifetime cannabis use by country Annual cannabis use by country
Economics Coffeeshop Cultivation Shop Social Club Grow house Grow shop Head shop Marijuana vending machine
Effects Dependence Driving Drug testing Effects of legalized cannabis Gateway drug theory Long term effects Medicine Memory Pregnancy Time perception
Forms Bhang Blunt Charas Flower essential oil Hashish Oil Hemp Beer Milk Oil Protein Hempcrete Joint Kief Roach Synthetic cannabis Tincture
Law Cannabis rights Legality of cannabis Timeline of cannabis law Cannabis and international law Centenary of Cannabis prohibition UN 2020 descheduling Single Convention on adult use Cannabis in the United States Legality Legal history Timeline Medical Non-medical Amnesty bin Cannabis in Canada Cannabis Act Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory Legal history of cannabis in Canada Elsewhere Cannabis by country Cannabis in Malta Cannabis in Spain Cannabis in South Africa Cannabis in Thailand Cannabis in the Netherlands Drug policy of Portugal Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids
Variants Autoflowering cannabis Genus Cannabis Species Cannabis sativa Cannabis indica Cannabis ruderalis Strains Acapulco Gold Charlotte's web Kush Malawi Gold Sour Diesel
Related Drug culture Drug liberalization Illegal drug trade Psychedelia
Cannabis portal Medicine portal Agriculture portal
v t e

Traffic safety

[edit]

Despite two studies reporting a supposed increase in the risk of fatal motor vehicle crashes on April 20,[78][79] further investigation and analysis found the evidence did not support such claims.[80][81][82][83]

Stolen signs

[edit] Further information: Street sign theft

In the US, signs bearing the number 420 have been frequently stolen. In Colorado, the Colorado Department of Transportation replaced the Mile Marker 420 sign on I-70 east of Denver with one reading 419.99 in an attempt to stop the thievery.[84] The Idaho Department of Transportation (ITD) replaced the mile marker 420 sign on U.S. Highway 95, just south of Coeur d'Alene, with mile marker 419.9.[85] The Washington State Department of Transportation implemented similar measures,[86] but only replaced one of the two 420 signs in the state, with the remaining one being subsequently stolen.[87] According to The Washington Post, there are eleven 420 mile markers in the US, after three replacements and one stolen and not replaced.[88] In Goodhue County, Minnesota, officials have changed "420 St" street signs to "42x St".[89] The mile marker 420 sign on U.S. Route 89, the only 420 marker in the state of Utah, is frequently stolen.[90]

Legislation and other government recognition

[edit]

In 2003, California Senate Bill 420 was introduced to regulate medical marijuana use. An unsuccessful 2010 bill to legalize cannabis in Guam was called Bill 420.[91] A North Dakota bill to legalize cannabis was HB 1420, introduced in January 2021.[92]

The Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act (which if enacted would decriminalize and deschedule cannabis in the United States) was announced by Senator and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-New York) on April 20, 2018.[93][94] On January 9, 2019, H.R. 420 was introduced into the 116th Congress by Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-Oregon), named the Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, which is designed to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and return regulation to the states.[95]

The State of Colorado auctioned off several cannabis-themed personalized license plates in 2021, with the bidding to be closed on April 20 (4/20). The highest bid shortly before the auction closed was over $6,500 for "ISIT420".[96]

Following the success of Washington, D.C.'s Initiative 71 to legalize cannabis in 2014, Mayor Muriel Bowser granted license plate number 420 to the campaign's leader, Adam Eidinger.[97]

Literature

[edit]

Several books about cannabis have "420" in the title; examples include the cannabis cookbooks The 420 Cannabis Cookbook, published by Simon & Schuster,[98] and The 420 Gourmet published in 2016 by HarperCollins.[99][100]

Commerce

[edit]

Some American restaurants offer "420" themed promotions to coincide with April 20.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk tweeted in 2018 about taking his company private at $420 a share. Musk testified during a trial that any associations with cannabis were coincidental;[101][102] however, in the SEC filing, he admitted that he had recently discovered the number's importance within the cannabis culture and thought his girlfriend would find it funny.[103] Musk purchased Twitter in 2022 at $54.20 per share and the financing documents were signed on April 20, acknowledging the reference to marijuana culture both in the last three digits of the price and in the date.[103] Musk continued making 420 references in June 2025 when Tesla Robotaxi service was launched in Austin, Texas where a flat fee of $4.20 was introduced, regardless of the distance travelled.[104]

See also

[edit]

• "420" (2009 Family Guy episode)
• Drug subculture
• Legality of cannabis by country
• List of multinational festivals and holidays

References

[edit]

1. ^ "Daily Independent Journal from San Rafael, California". November 20, 1954. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
2. ^ Chronicle, San Francisco (1962). The San Francisco Chronicle Reader. McGraw-Hill. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
3. ^ a b King, Matt (April 24, 2007). "Thousands at UCSC burn one to mark cannabis holiday". Santa Cruz Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007.
4. ^ McCoy, Terrence (April 18, 2014). "The strange story of how the pot holiday '4/20' got its name". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
5. ^ "Stoner Chic Traces Origin To San Rafael – Snickering high schoolers brought '420' into lexicon". San Francisco Chronicle. April 20, 2000. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
6. ^ a b McKinley, Jesse (April 19, 2009). "Marijuana Advocates Point to Signs of Change". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
7. ^ a b Grim, Ryan (April 20, 2010). "420 Meaning: The True Story Of How April 20 Became 'Weed Day'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
8. ^ Alyssa Pereira (April 20, 2016). "Local originators of term 420 solve 45-year-old mystery". San Francisco Chronicle.
9. ^ High Times (2012). The Official High Times Cannabis Cookbook: More Than 50 Irresistible Recipes That Will Get You High. Chronicle Books. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-1-4521-0133-0. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
10. ^ Silverman, Rachel Emma; Dodes, Rachel (April 20, 2012). "High Expectations: Marketers Hope for Buzz on 4/20". The Wall Street Journal.
11. ^ a b Grim, Ryan (April 20, 2009). "What 420 Means: The True Story Behind Stoners' Favorite Number". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 30, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
12. ^ a b Olivia B. Waxman (April 19, 2017). "What the Guys Who Coined '420' Think About Their Place in Marijuana History". Time. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
13. ^ Statue by Beniamino Bufano, "Louis Pasteur – 1940". New Deal Art Registry. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
14. ^ Edison, Mike (2009). I Have Fun Everywhere I Go: Savage Tales of Pot, Porn, Punk Rock, Pro Wrestling, Talking Apes, Evil Bosses, Dirty Blues, American Heroes, and the Most Notorious Magazines in the World. Faber & Faber. pp. 207–. ISBN 978-0-86547-903-6. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
15. ^ "Wake 'n' Bake!"
16. ^ "The Origins of 420". September 14, 2002.
17. ^ a b "Stoner Smart, or Stoner Stupid?". High Times. August 2002. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
18. ^ Lester Black (April 17, 2023). "The Bay Area origins of '420' are full of controversy". SFGATE. Hearst Communications.
19. ^ Halnon, Karen Bettez (April 11, 2005). "The power of 420". High Times. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013.
20. ^ "420 event lists".
21. ^ "How marijuana's high holiday came to be". New York Post. April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
22. ^ Gayle, Damien (April 19, 2015). "Thousands of cannabis users roll up in Hyde Park for annual 4/20 event". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
23. ^ "Marijuana's big day is here: '420' celebrations ready to roll". USA Today. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
24. ^ "The United States of Weed". Rolling Stone. April 18, 2023.
25. ^ "Does 4/20 Still Matter?". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
26. ^ "Annual 420 pot rally will be more celebration than protest: Organizers". Toronto Sun. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
27. ^ Davies, Pete (April 21, 2010). "Washington Square Gets Its Grit Back on 420 Day". Curbed NY. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
28. ^ Reed, Matt (April 20, 2018), Boston celebrates 4/20, retrieved April 20, 2021
29. ^ "A Huge Turn Out for 420 Day on Hippie Hill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park " San Francisco Citizen". Sfcitizen.com. April 20, 2010. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
30. ^ "Students mark 420 at UC Santa Cruz". Santa Cruz Sentinel. April 21, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
31. ^ Amanda del Castillo (April 20, 2019). "Pot enthusiasts in Santa Cruz prepare for 4/20 toker tradition". ABC7 San Francisco. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
32. ^ Stein, Perry (April 20, 2015). "D.C. residents and activists light up on the National Mall for 4/20". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
33. ^ Estepa, Jessica (April 19, 2017). "D.C. activists to hand out joints near U.S. Capitol on 4/20". USA Today. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
34. ^ "Marijuana protest planned for the Vancouver Art Gallery despite 4/20 moving to Sunset Beach". April 19, 2016.
35. ^ Hall, Neal (May 2, 2009). "Thousands of marijuana smokers gather in Vancouver to celebrate "420"". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
36. ^ Johnson, Lisa (April 20, 2016). "4/20 pot rally draws tens of thousands in Vancouver". CBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
37. ^ "420 Day – Cannabis Festival". samesun.com Samesun Nation Travel Blog. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
38. ^ "Canada's marijuana activists unite against American-style drug laws – 420 vote mobs to be held in over 10 cities across Canada on April 20th". newswire.ca CNW Group. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
39. ^ "Denver's new Mile High 420 Festival announces all-star lineup " Denver Post". denverpost.com. March 8, 2018. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
40. ^ "Pot activists to light up on Hill". Cnews.canoe.ca. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
41. ^ "Ottawa's Parliament Hill just one site for planned 4/20 protest". Digitaljournal.com. April 11, 2010. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
42. ^ "Hundreds of Tokers Flood Alberta Legislature in Protest to Push for Legalization of Marijuana". April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
43. ^ CU's 4/20 pot smoke-out draws crowd of 10,000 : CU News.
44. ^ "Medical marijuana expected to give momentum to CU-Boulder 4/20 event – Boulder Daily Camera". Dailycamera.com. April 9, 2010. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
45. ^ Johnson, Gene (April 20, 2017). "How 4/20 ... grew ... into a 'holiday'". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
46. ^ "Denver 420 event will be a mix of marijuana politics and celebration". April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
47. ^ "4/20 celebrations take place at Nathan Phillips Square without permit". April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
48. ^ "Thousands expected to attend Toronto 4/20 marijuana rally at Yonge-Dundas Square". April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
49. ^ "Photos: 100s turn up, chill out for 420 day on Cal campus". April 21, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
50. ^ "#Plantón420 Has Been Camping Outside the Mexican Senate For a Month". March 6, 2020.
51. ^ David Carson; Christine Tannous (April 20, 2023). "Photos: St. Louis celebrates first '4/20 Day' since recreational marijuana became legal in Missouri". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
52. ^ Gayle, Damien (April 21, 2016). "Police make 20 arrests at cannabis picnic in London's Hyde Park". The Guardian. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
53. ^ Baldwin, Sian (April 17, 2025). "420 Day rally: Everything you need to know about the Hyde Park event". The Standard. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
54. ^ Greg (April 8, 2025). "UK 4/20 Events Guide 2025". UKCSC. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
55. ^ "420 events 2025 – Where to celebrate cannabis in the UK". leafie. Retrieved April 27, 2025.
56. ^ "Politični Semafor". marihuanamars. March 20, 2018. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
57. ^ Ma, Al (February 2, 2018). "Bo konoplja kmalu legalizirana?". RTVSLO. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
58. ^ "İşte KKTC'nin uyuşturucu raporu". detaykibris. June 29, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
59. ^ "Meclis önünde 'Elini Otumdan Çek' eylemi". yeniduzen. April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
60. ^ "A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why". 10 daily. April 19, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
61. ^ Collective, Craze (April 20, 2019). "A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why". Craze Collective. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
62. ^ "Thousands gather for 'Weed Day' in Melbourne". The Sydney Morning Herald. April 21, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
63. ^ Dopamine (April 19, 2018). "Artists hide 'cannabis plants' around Sydney CBD for 420 protest". Dopamine. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
64. ^ Connellan, Shannon (April 20, 2018). "Marijuana plants hidden in plain sight for 4/20 stunt". Mashable. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
65. ^ "Happy 4/20: Activists Have Hidden Weed Plants All Around Sydney". Junkee. April 20, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
66. ^ "These two weapons covered Sydney in 'cannabis plants' to celebrate 4/20". Beat Magazine. April 20, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
67. ^ "Some Blaze Lord Put A Hydroponic Weed Pop-Up In Sydney's Kings X For 4/20". Pedestrian TV. April 20, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
68. ^ "A Public Cannabis Nursery Appears in Kings Cross". Broadsheet. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
69. ^ Hyjak – Mother Natures Gift MUSIC VIDEO – #Superbong does 420 #Whoarewehurting?, April 21, 2016, retrieved September 9, 2022
70. ^ 420 Protest At Sydney Town Hall. PEDESTRIAN.TV. Retrieved September 9, 2022 – via YouTube.
71. ^ Briana Domjen; Annette Sharp (April 22, 2014). "Jesse Willesee joins the 420 pro-marijuana movement with a smoking session outside Parliament House". Daily Telegraph.
72. ^ Porteous, Debbie (June 12, 2008). "Police swoop on cannabis protest". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
73. ^ "420 Protest". Channel 9 News Dunedin. February 22, 2008. Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
74. ^ Porteous, Debbie (July 11, 2008). "Campus arrests follow marijuana complaints (+ video)". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
75. ^ Rudd, Allison (September 26, 2008). "Moore's appeal rejected". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
76. ^ Rudd, Allison (July 22, 2008). "Lack of quorum foils cannabis vote". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
77. ^ Rudd, Allison (September 20, 2008). "OUSA general meeting promises controversy". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
78. ^ Staples, John A.; Redelmeier, Donald A. (2018). "The April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Traffic Crashes in the United States". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (4): 569–572. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8298. ISSN 2168-6106. PMC 5876802. PMID 29435568.
79. ^ Vandoros, Sotiris; Kawachi, Ichiro (July 2019). "The relative risk of motor vehicle collision on cannabis celebration day in Great Britain" (PDF). Accident Analysis & Prevention. 128: 248–252. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.013. PMID 30902341. S2CID 85457198.
80. ^ Harper, Sam; Palayew, Adam (January 29, 2019). "The annual cannabis holiday and fatal traffic crashes". Injury Prevention. 25 (5): 433–437. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043068. ISSN 1353-8047. PMID 30696698. S2CID 59413349.
81. ^ Aydelotte, Jayson D.; Mardock, Alexandra L.; Teixeira, Pedro G.; Brown, Lawrence H. (November 1, 2018). "Re-examining the Association Between '4/20' and Fatal Crashes—Doobie-ous Data?". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (11): 1565. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5856. PMID 30398555. S2CID 53223889.
82. ^ Staples, John A.; Redelmeier, Donald A. (March 1, 2019). "Association Between April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Crashes". JAMA Internal Medicine. 179 (3): 456. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8094. PMID 30715145. S2CID 73432259.
83. ^ Staples, John A; Redelmeier, Donald A (October 2019). "Crashes on cannabis celebration day". Injury Prevention. 25 (5): 476–477. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043262. PMID 31302609. S2CID 196618121.
84. ^ "State alters 420 MM sign to thwart thieves". USA Today. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
85. ^ "Idaho replaces mile marker 420 with 419.9 to thwart stoners". KTVB. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
86. ^ Jacobs, Julia (January 12, 2019). "Washington State Wants to Stop Theft of Mile 420 Signs. Its Solution? Mile 419.9". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
87. ^ Keyser, Hannah (August 20, 2015). "Stoners Keep Stealing 420 Mile Markers, So Some States Have Replaced Them With 419.9". Mental Floss. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
88. ^ Ingraham, Christopher (August 20, 2015). "A map of the remaining 420-mile markers in the U.S." Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
89. ^ "County finds fix for missing 420 signs". Post-Bulletin. July 20, 2015. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
90. ^ Kelly Keiter (August 26, 2015). "Officials say theft of '420' road signs no laughing matter". Salt Lake City: KSTU.
91. ^ Only one shows up for pot bill (July 15, 2010). "Only one shows up for pot bill". Mvguam.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
92. ^ "Bill Actions for HB 1420". nd.gov official portal for North Dakota government. North Dakota legislative branch. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
93. ^ Guild, Blair (April 20, 2018). "On 4/20, Sen. Schumer introduces bill to decriminalize marijuana". CBS News. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
94. ^ Gstalter, Morgan (June 28, 2018). "Schumer unveils bill to decriminalize marijuana". The Hill. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
95. ^ Tom Angell (January 9, 2019). "New Congressional Marijuana Bill Is Actually Numbered H.R. 420". Marijuana Moment – via Forbes.
96. ^ Colorado to auction off cannabis-themed license plates, Associated Press, April 13, 2021
97. ^ "D.C. mayor offers pot activist Tag 420 for his efforts". Washington Post.
98. ^ Maggie GRISWOLD (April 14, 2020). "The Best 4/20 Cookbooks for When You Have a Case of the Munchies". Stylecaster. SHE Media.
99. ^ Naima Karp; Destynee Powell (November 8, 2018), "Celebrate the High Holy Day With These Celebrated Marijuana Cookbooks", spy.com, Penske Media
100. ^ Jonathan Segura (May 17, 2016), Cookbooks Previews: June 2016, Publishers Weekly
101. ^ Paul, Kari; McCormick, Erin (February 3, 2023). "Jury sides with Elon Musk over 2018 tweets claiming he would take Tesla private". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
102. ^ Anon (January 28, 2023). "The world this week". The Economist. p. 10.
103. ^ a b Hu, Krystal; Sen, Anirban (April 26, 2022). "From weed joke to agreed deal: Inside Musk's $44 bln Twitter buyout". Reuters. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
104. ^ "Elon Musk launches Tesla robotaxi service in Austin with $4.20 flat fee for customers".

External links

[edit] Look up 420 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Media related to 420 (cannabis culture) at Wikimedia Commons
• Hager, Steven (April 2015). "The History of 420, in Three Acts". Freedom Leaf. 1 (5): 32–37+.

v t e Cannabis events
Worldwide	420 (cannabis culture) Global Marijuana March
Americas	Boise Hempfest Burnside Burn (2015) Cannabis Cup Emerald Empire Hempfest Freedom Rally Great Midwest Marijuana Harvest Festival Hash Bash High Times Medical Cannabis Cup Missoula Hempfest Moscow Hemp Fest National Cannabis Festival National Cannabis Summit Olympia Hempfest Portland Hempstalk Festival Salem Hempfest Seattle Hempfest Tokers Bowl (2002–2005) Weed the People (2015)
Europe	Cannabis Cup Hanfparade Spannabis
Oceania	MardiGrass
Related	List of cannabis competitions

v t e Cannabis
Outline of cannabis Recreational and medical applications Industrial applications
General	Autoflowering cannabis Cannabis indica ruderalis sativa Chemical defenses in Cannabis Consumption Conversion of CBD to THC Cultivation Glossary Names (cannabis, dagga, ganja, marijuana, slang) Strains Synthetic cannabis
Usage	General Cannabis use and trauma Medical cannabis Cannabis product testing History In the US Medical cannabis card Religious and spiritual use Chalice Drug testing Marijuana Anonymous Hemp Hanfparade List of hemp diseases List of hemp products hempcrete jewelry milk oil paper rolling paper List of hemp varieties Hemp for Victory Hemp Industries Association The Emperor Wears No Clothes
Variants	Cannabis edible Bhang Cannabis tea Cannabis smoking Joint Vaporizing Cannabis concentrate Essential oil Charas Hashish Hash oil Kief Tincture Marihuana prensada Phytocannabinoids Quasi-psychedelic delta-3-THC delta-4-THC delta-7-THC delta-8-THC delta-10-THC delta-11-THC THC THCB THCH THCP Other CBD CBDH CBDP
Effects	Amotivational syndrome Cannabis in pregnancy Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome Entourage effect Endocannabinoid system Impaired driving Time perception Long-term effects Occupational health concerns Medical cannabis research
Culture	420 Budtender Cannabis by country Cookbooks Etiquette Cannabis Social Club Head shop Books Cannabis Culture Columns Competitions List of cannabis hoaxes Films (Stoner film) High Times Music Religion Restaurants Sports Smoke-in Stoner TV Video games
Organizations	Cannabis rights ACT ALCP AMMA ASA CAN CBN CLEAR CRC Dagga Couple DFCR DPA ENCOD FAAAT FCA GLM India GMM LEAP MAPS MPP NCIA NORML France NZ UK SAFER SCC SSDP VMCA Science IACM ICRS ICEERS
Demographics	Adult lifetime use by country Annual use by country
Politics	General Activists Bootleggers and Baptists Cannabis rights Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking Centenary of Cannabis prohibition Effects of legalized cannabis Global Marijuana March Legality of cannabis Internationally Regulatory agencies 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Article 2 paragraph 9 on non-medical uses 1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking In the U.S. Legal history in the United States Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 Timeline of cannabis law Major legalreforms Treaty law: Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020 Canada: 2018 Cannabis Act Germany: German cannabis control bill UK: Return to class B Uruguay: Law No. 19172 US: Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act Hemp Farming Act of 2018 Politiciansand parties Cannabis political parties of the US of Minnesota of Spain List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use Legal cases Ker v. California (1963) Leary v. United States (1969) Kyllo v. United States (2001) Gonzales v. Raich (2005) ADPF 187 (2011)
Related	Drug liberalization Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry Substances Cannabinoid receptor antagonist Endocannabinoid enhancer Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
Cannabis portal Category

v t e Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States
January	New Year's Day (federal) Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. (federal) Birthday of Eugenio María de Hostos (PR) Confederate Heroes Day (TX) Eve of Three Kings' Day (PR, religious) Feast of Epiphany / Feast of Theophany (religious) Fred Korematsu Day (AZ, CA, FL, HI, VA) Idaho Human Rights Day (ID) Inauguration Day (federal quadrennial) Kansas Day (KS) Makar Sankranti / Pongal (religious) Robert E. Lee Day (FL) Stephen Foster Memorial Day (36) The Eighth (LA) Three Kings' Day (PR, VI, religious) World Religion Day (religious)
January–February	Chinese New Year / Lunar New Year (NY, cultural, religious) Vasant Panchami (religious)
FebruaryAmerican Heart MonthBlack History Month	Washington's Birthday (federal) Valentine's Day Birthday of Luis Muñoz Marín (PR) Candlemas (religious) Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day (CA, DE) Day of Remembrance (CA, OR, WA, cultural) Georgia Day (GA) Groundhog Day Imbolc (religious) Lincoln's Birthday (CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV) National Girls and Women in Sports Day National Freedom Day (36) Nirvana Day (religious) Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple (religious) Promised Reformer Day (religious) Ronald Reagan Day (CA) Rosa Parks Day (CA, MO) Saviours' Day (religious) Susan B. Anthony Day (CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal) Tu B’shvat (religious)
February–March	Mardi Gras Ash Wednesday (PR, religious) Carnival (PR, VI, religious) Clean Monday (religious) Courir de Mardi Gras (religious) Intercalary Days (religious) Mahashivaratri (religious) Purim (religious) Shrove Tuesday (religious) Super Tuesday
MarchIrish-American Heritage MonthColon Cancer Awareness MonthWomen's History Month	Saint Patrick's Day (ethnic) Spring break (week) Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos (religious) Casimir Pulaski Day (IL) Cesar Chavez Day (CA, CO, TX, proposed federal) Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico (PR, cultural) Evacuation Day (Suffolk County, MA) Harriet Tubman Day (NY) Hola Mohalla (religious) Holi (NY, religious) Lailat al-Mi'raj (religious) Liberation and Freedom Day (Charlottesville, VA, cultural) Mardi Gras (AL (in two counties), LA) Maryland Day (MD) Medal of Honor Day National Poison Prevention Week (week) Nowruz (cultural, religious) Ostara (religious) Pi Day Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Day (HI) Promised Messiah Day (religious) Saint Joseph's Day (religious) Seward's Day (AK) Texas Independence Day (TX) Town Meeting Day (VT) Transfer Day (VI) U.S. Hostage and Wrongful Detainee Day (36) Trans Day of Visibility (cultural)
March–April	Easter (religious) Good Friday (CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious) Hanuman Jayanti (religious) Holy Thursday (PR, VI, religious) Holy Week (PR, religious, week) Lazarus Saturday (religious) Mahavir Janma Kalyanak (religious) Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year (religious) Palm Sunday (PR, religious) Passover (religious, week) Easter Monday / Bright Monday (VI, religious) Ramnavami (religious) Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi (religious)
AprilArab American Heritage MonthConfederate History Month	420 April Fools' Day Arbor Day Birthday of José de Diego (PR) Confederate Memorial Day (AL, MS) Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust (week) DNA Day Earth Day Emancipation Day (cultural) Thomas Jefferson's Birthday (AL) Lag B’Omer (religious) Last Friday of Great Lent (religious) National First Ladies Day Pascua Florida (FL) Patriots' Day (MA, ME) Ridván (religious) San Jacinto Day (TX) Siblings Day Walpurgis Night (religious) Yom Ha'atzmaut (cultural, religious)
MayAsian American andPacific Islander Heritage MonthJewish American Heritage MonthMilitary Appreciation Month	Memorial Day (federal) Mother's Day (36) Cinco de Mayo Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh (religious) Ascension of Our Lord (religious) Caliphate Day (religious) Declaration of the Bab (religious) Harvey Milk Day (CA) International Workers' Day / May Day (CA, unofficial, proposed state) Law Day (36) Loyalty Day (36) Malcolm X Day (CA, IL, proposed federal) Military Spouse Day National Day of Prayer (36) National Day of Reason National Defense Transportation Day (36) National Maritime Day (36) Peace Officers Memorial Day (36) Pentecost (religious) Shavuot (religious) Truman Day (MO) Vesak / Buddha's Birthday (religious)
JunePride Month	Juneteenth (federal, cultural) Father's Day (36) Bunker Hill Day (Suffolk County, MA) Carolina Day (SC) Don Young Day (AK) Fast of the Holy Apostles (religious) Flag Day (36, proposed federal) Helen Keller Day (PA) Honor America Days (3 weeks) Jefferson Davis Day (AL, FL) Kamehameha Day (HI) Litha (religious) Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Sahib (religious) Odunde Festival (Philadelphia, PA, cultural) Senior Week (week) Saint John's Day (PR, religious) West Virginia Day (WV) Women Veterans Day
July	Independence Day (federal) Asalha Puja Day (religious) Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera (PR) Birthday of Dr. José Celso Barbosa (PR) Emancipation Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI, cultural) Guru Purnima (religious) Khordad Sal (religious) Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea (HI, unofficial, cultural) Martyrdom of the Báb (religious) Parents' Day (36) Pioneer Day (UT) Puerto Rico Constitution Day (PR)
July–August	Summer vacation Tisha B'Av (religious)
August	American Family Day (AZ) Barack Obama Day in Illinois (IL) Bennington Battle Day (VT) Dormition of the Theotokos (religious) Eid-e-Ghadeer (religious) Fast in Honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus (religious) Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (religious) Hawaii Admission Day / Statehood Day (HI) Krishna Janmashtami (religious) Lammas (religious) Lyndon Baines Johnson Day (TX) Naga Panchami (religious) National Aviation Day (36) Paryushana (religious) Raksha Bandhan (religious) Transfiguration of the Lord (religious) Victory Day (RI) Women's Equality Day (36)
SeptemberProstate Cancer Awareness MonthChildhood Cancer Awareness MonthGospel Music Heritage Month	Labor Day (federal) Brazilian Day (NY, cultural) California Admission Day (CA) Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day (36) Constitution Day and Citizenship Day (36) Constitution Week Defenders Day (MD) Elevation of the Holy Cross (religious) Feast of San Gennaro (NY, cultural, religious) Ganesh Chaturthi (religious) Gold Star Mother's Day (36) His Holiness Sakya Trizin's Birthday (religious) Mabon (religious) National Grandparents Day (36) National Payroll Week (week) Nativity of Mary / Nativity of the Theotokos (religious) Native American Day (proposed federal) Patriot Day (36) Von Steuben Day
September–OctoberHispanic Heritage Month	Chehlum Imam Hussain (religious) Oktoberfest Pitri Paksha (religious) Rosh Hashanah / Feast of Trumpets (TX, NY, religious) Shemini Atzeret (religious) Simchat Torah (religious) Vijaya Dashami (religious) Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement (TX, NY, religious)
OctoberBreast Cancer Awareness MonthDisability Employment Awareness Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month Filipino American History MonthLGBT History Month	Columbus Day (federal) Halloween Alaska Day (AK) Child Health Day (36) General Pulaski Memorial Day German-American Day Indigenous Peoples' Day International Day of Non-Violence Leif Erikson Day (36) Missouri Day (MO) Nanomonestotse (cultural) National School Lunch Week (week) Native American Day in South Dakota (SD) Nevada Day (NV) Spirit Day (cultural) Sweetest Day Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles (religious, week) Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day (PR, VI) White Cane Safety Day (36)
October–November	Birth of the Báb (religious) Birth of Baháʼu'lláh (religious) Day of the Dead (VI) Diwali (NY, religious) Mawlid al-Nabi (religious)
November Native American Indian Heritage Month	Veterans Day (federal) Thanksgiving (federal) Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha (religious) All Saints' Day (religious) Beginning of the Nativity Fast (religious) Beltane / Samhain (religious) Barack Obama Day in Alabama (Perry County, AL) D. Hamilton Jackson Day (VI) Day after Thanksgiving (24) Day of the Covenant (religious) Discovery of Puerto Rico Day (PR) Election Day (CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal) Family Day (NV) Friendsgiving Guru Nanak Gurpurab (religious) Hanukkah (religious) Lā Kūʻokoʻa (HI, unofficial, cultural) Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur (religious) Native American Heritage Day (MD, WA, cultural) Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple (religious) Trans Day of Remembrance (cultural) Unthanksgiving Day (cultural)
December	Christmas (religious, federal) New Year's Eve Advent Sunday (religious) Alabama Day (AL) Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib (religious) Bodhi Day (religious) Chalica (religious) Christmas Eve (KY, NC, SC, PR, VI) Day after Christmas (KY, NC, SC, TX, VI) Festivus HumanLight Hanukkah (religious, week) Immaculate Conception (religious) Indiana Day (IN) Kwanzaa (cultural, week) Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin (religious) National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (36) Nativity of Jesus (religious) Old Year's Night (VI) Pan American Aviation Day (36) Pancha Ganapati (religious, week) Rosa Parks Day (OH, OR) Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (religious) Wright Brothers Day (36) Yule (religious) Zartosht No-Diso (religious)
Varies (year round)	Eid al-Adha (NY, religious) Eid al-Fitr (NY, religious) Islamic New Year (religious) Yawm al-Arafa (religious) Hajj (religious) Laylat al-Qadr (religious) Navaratri (religious, four times a year) Obon (religious) Onam (religious) Ramadan (religious, month) Ghost Festival (religious) Yawm Aashura (religious)
Legend: (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies See also: Lists of holidays, Hallmark holidays, Public holidays in the United States, Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.

v t e Recreational drug use
Major recreational drugs Depressants Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Carbamates Ethanol (alcohol) Alcoholic beverage Beer Wine Gabapentinoids GHB Inhalants Medical Nitrous oxide (recreational use) Hazardous solvents contact adhesives Gasoline nail polish remover Paint thinner Other Freon Kava Nonbenzodiazepines Quinazolinones Quaaludes Opioids Buprenorphine Suboxone Subutex Codeine Lean Desomorphine Krokodil Dextropropoxyphene Darvocet Darvon Fentanyl Diamorphine Heroin Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Dilaudid Methadone Mitragyna speciosa Kratom Morphine Opium Oxycodone /paracetamol Tramadol Stimulants Amphetamine Arecoline Areca Betel Caffeine Coffee Energy drinks Tea Cathinone Khat Cocaine Coca Cocaine paste Crack Ephedrine Ephedra MDPV Mephedrone Methamphetamine Methylone Methylphenidate Modafinil Nicotine Polacrilex Salt Tobacco Theobromine Cocoa Chocolate Entactogens 2C series 6-APB Benzofury AMT MDA MDMA Ecstasy Molly Hallucinogens Psychedelics 2C-B 25I-NBOMe 4-AcO-DMT 5-MeO-DMT Psychoactive toads Bufotenin Vilca Yopo DMT Ayahuasca LSA and iso-LSA Morning glory Ergot LSD Mescaline Peruvian torch Peyote San Pedro Psilocybin and psilocin Psilocybin mushrooms Dissociatives DXM (recreational use) Inhalants Nitrous oxide (recreational use) Ketamine MXE PCP Deliriants Atropine and Scopolamine Atropa belladonna Datura Hyoscyamus niger Mandragora officinarum Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Cannabinoids THC Cannabis (Marijuana) Hashish Hash oil Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 APICA APINACA Spice Others Ibogaine Tabernanthe iboga Muscimol Amanita muscaria Oneirogens Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis Salvinorin A Salvia divinorum
Drug culture Cannabis culture 420 Cannabis consumption Cannabis cultivation Cannabis edible Cannabis rights Cannabis rights leaders List of cannabis rights organizations Cannabis smoking Cannabis Social Club Cannabis tea Cannabis vaping Head shop Legal history of cannabis in the United States Legality of cannabis Marijuana Policy Project Medical cannabis Mushroom edible NORML Cannabis and religion Stoner film Coffee culture Coffee break Coffeehouse Latte art Teahouse Drinking culture Bartending Beer culture Beer festival Binge drinking Diethyl ether Drinking games Drinking song Happy hour Hip flask Nightclub Oktoberfest Pub Pub crawl Sommelier Sports bar Tailgate party Wine bar Wine tasting Psychedelia Psychonautics Art Drug Era Experience Literature Music Microdosing Smart shop Therapy Trip report Smoking culture Cigarette card Fashion cigarettes Cloud-chasing Loosie Smokeasy Smoking fetishism Tobacco smoking Other Chasing the dragon Club drug Counterculture of the 1960s Dance party Drug paraphernalia Drug tourism Entheogen Hippie Needle sharing Nootropic Party and play Poly drug use Rave Religion and drugs Self-medication Sex and drugs Urban legends about drugs Whoonga
Legality of drug use International International drug control conventions 1961 Narcotic Drugs 1971 Psychotropic Substances 1988 Drug Trafficking Other treaties addressing drugs Law of the Sea Convention Convention Against Doping Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs State level Drug policy Decriminalization Legalization Prohibition Regulation Supply reduction Policy reform Demand reduction Drug Policy Alliance Harm reduction Law Enforcement Action Partnership Liberalization Latin America Students for Sensible Drug Policy Drug policy by country Australia Canada China Czech Republic Germany India Laos Netherlands Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia South Korea Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland United States Just Say No Office of National Drug Control Policy School district drug policies California Colorado Maryland Oregon Virginia United Kingdom Drug legality Alcohol legality Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Cocaine legality Methamphetamine legality Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S. Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality Other Arguments for and against drug prohibition Cannabis rights Capital punishment for drug trafficking Cognitive liberty Designer drug Drug court Drug possession Drug test Narc Politics of drug abuse War on drugs Mexican drug war Plan Colombia Philippine drug war Zero tolerance
Other Drug production and trade Drug production Coca production in Colombia Drug precursors Opium production in Afghanistan Rolling meth lab Drug trade Illegal drug trade Afghanistan Aruba Australia Bangladesh Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Burma Cambodia Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Cyprus Dominican Republic El Salvador Estonia Finland Germany Haiti Honduras India Indian Ocean region Iran Italy Japan Kenya Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Laos Latin America Latvia Malaysia Mauritius Moldova Nigeria Norway Oman Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Russia Saint Kitts and Nevis Seychelles Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Suriname Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands United Arab Emirates United States Venezuela Darknet market Online illicit drug vendor Pharmaceutical distribution Beer shop Cannabis shop Liquor store Liquor license Issues withdrug use Abuse Addiction Date rape drug Dependence Driving impaired Drug harmfulness Effects of cannabis Drug-related crime Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Long-term effects of cannabis Neurotoxicity Overdose Passive smoking of tobacco or other substances Harm reduction Drug checking Drug legalization Drug rehabilitation Needle and syringe programmes Opioid replacement therapy Pharmacovigilance Reagent testing Regulation of therapeutic goods Responsible drug use Substance abuse prevention Supervised injection site Trip killer Countries by drug use Alcohol consumption Cocaine use Cannabis Annual use Lifetime use Opiates use Tobacco consumption Other Psilocybin therapy