6.4: Ionic Bonding - Chemistry LibreTexts

Exercises

1. Does a cation gain protons to form a positive charge or does it lose electrons?
2. Iron(III) sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] is composed of Fe3+ and ions. Explain why a sample of iron(III) sulfate is uncharged.
3. Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: P, I, Mg, Cl, In, Cs, O, Pb, Co?
4. Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd?
5. Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds:
   1. P
   2. Mg
   3. Al
   4. O
   5. Cl
   6. Cs
6. Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds:
   1. I
   2. Sr
   3. K
   4. N
   5. S
   6. In
7. Write the electron configuration for each of the following ions:
   1. As3–
   2. I–
   3. Be2+
   4. Cd2+
   5. O2–
   6. Ga3+
   7. Li+
   8. N3–
   9. Sn2+
   10. Co2+
   11. Fe2+
   12. As3+
8. Write the electron configuration for the monatomic ions formed from the following elements (which form the greatest concentration of monatomic ions in seawater):
   1. Cl
   2. Na
   3. Mg
   4. Ca
   5. K
   6. Br
   7. Sr
   8. F
9. Write out the full electron configuration for each of the following atoms and for the monatomic ion found in binary ionic compounds containing the element:
   1. Al
   2. Br
   3. Sr
   4. Li
   5. As
   6. S
10. From the labels of several commercial products, prepare a list of six ionic compounds in the products. For each compound, write the formula. (You may need to look up some formulas in a suitable reference.)

[reveal-answer q=”614212″]Selected Answers[/reveal-answer] [hidden-answer a=”614212″]

1. The protons in the nucleus do not change during normal chemical reactions. Only the outer electrons move. Positive charges form when electrons are lost.

3. P, I, Cl, and O would form anions because they are nonmetals. Mg, In, Cs, Pb, and Co would form cations because they are metals.

5. The predicted charges are as follows:

1. P3–
2. Mg2+
3. Al3+
4. O2–
5. Cl–
6. Cs+

7. The correct electron configurations are

1. [Ar] 3d104p6
2. [Kr] 4d105s25p6
3. 1s2
4. [Kr] 4d8
5. [He] 2s22p6
6. [Ar] 3d10
7. 1s2
8. [He] 2s22p6
9. [Kr] d105s2
10. [Ar] 3d7
11. [Ar] 3d6
12. [Ar] 3d104s2

9. The correct electron configurations are

1. 1s22s22p63s23p1; Al3+ 1s22s22p6
2. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5; 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
3. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2; Sr2+ 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
4. 1s22s1; Li+ 1s2
5. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3; 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
6. 1s22s22p63s23p4; 1s22s22p63s23p6

[/hidden-answer]