7 Best Natural Antibiotics: Uses, Evidence, And Effectiveness

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SubscribeTop six safe and natural antibioticsMedically reviewed by Ami Patel PharmD, BCPS — Written by Peter Morales-Brown — Updated on March 28, 2025

• Best natural antibiotics
• Risks
• Prescription antibiotics
• Outlook

Certain natural substances have antibacterial properties, including garlic, ginger, and honey. While these may be of benefit as part of a balanced diet, they are not a replacement for prescription medication.

Prescription antibiotics, such as penicillin, have helped people to recover from otherwise fatal diseases and conditions since the 1940s. However, many people may consider alternative treatments, such as natural antibiotics.

Some people may experience side effects after taking antibiotics, such as feeling sick or diarrhea. Other people may also experience an allergic reaction to certain antibiotics. As such, while natural options cannot replace prescription medication, they may still provide some benefit.

Six natural antibiotics

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With an ongoing increase in drug-resistant bacteria, research is investigating natural compounds as a potential source and inspiration for new antimicrobial agents. While more research is necessary, some natural options show promising results under medical review and warrant further study.

Some possible natural antibiotic agents include:

1. Garlic

Cultures across the world have long recognized garlic for its preventive and curative powers.

Garlic possesses many active antimicrobial components. These include compounds such as allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides, which exhibit a range of antibacterial properties. A 2021 review notes that these compounds may be effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria and can provide a framework for the development of future antibiotics.

2. Honey

Since ancient times, people have used honey due to its wound-healing activity and antimicrobial properties.

Honey contains antibacterial compounds and could help provide an alternative antibacterial agent with promising therapeutic potential. A 2021 review notes that the antimicrobial components of honey include hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal.

3. Ginger

The scientific community also recognizes ginger as a natural antibiotic. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, a 2019 review also highlights that ginger possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties.

A 2022 study suggests that ginger could effectively inhibit a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus species, and Lactobacillus species.

4. Echinacea

Native American and other traditional healers have used echinacea for hundreds of years to treat infections and wounds. A 2022 article notes that echinacea has an antibacterial effect on respiratory bacteria.

Studies also suggest that echinacea may possess antiviral properties and could help treat respiratory tract infections in both children and adults. As such, this could help prevent the unnecessary use of antibiotics that could result in drug-resistance.

5. Clove

Cloves are dried flower buds that come from the clove tree, which people may use as a spice in food or drinks.

A 2023 study notes that clove essential oil may possess a strong inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, a 2020 article notes that clove extract may have potential as a new antibacterial agent.

6. Oregano

Some believe that oregano boosts the immune system and acts as an antioxidant. It may also possess antibiotic properties, particularly when it is made it into an oil.

A 2022 review notes that the antimicrobial effect of oregano oil may be due to a compound known as carvacrol. For example, a 2023 study highlights that oregano oil may be a potential antibacterial agent that is effective against streptococcus mutans.

Risks of natural antibiotics

Just because something is natural, it does not necessarily mean it is safe.

For example, the amounts and concentrations of active ingredients vary among supplement brands. Therefore, it is important to read labels carefully and inform a healthcare professional if you plan to take these supplements.

For example, while cooked garlic is usually safe to consume, research suggests that taking concentrated garlic may increase the risk of bleeding. This can be dangerous for people facing surgery or taking blood thinners.

When to use prescription antibiotics

Due to the current increase in drug-resistant diseases, most doctors do not prescribe antibiotics unless they are effective and necessary.

Antibiotics may be prescribed to:

• treat an infectious disease
• prevent the spread of infectious diseases
• prevent a condition from becoming more serious or fatal
• speed recovery from illness or injury
• prevent the development of complications

If a person is prescribed antibiotics, they should take the entire dosage as a doctor directs. This is especially encouraged in people with a higher risk of bacterial infection or who face greater risks if they become ill.

When an individual is allergic to prescription antibiotics or suffers side effects, they may want to discuss other options with a doctor.

Outlook

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), each year more than 2 million Americans become unwell from drug-resistant bacteria, resulting in over 35,000 annual deaths.

These bacteria constitute a growing threat, and the key to developing new and effective medications may lie in natural antibiotics.

While natural antibiotics may present opportunities, they also carry risks. Still, research into these treatments is growing, and an increasing number of substances are undergoing testing. As such, natural antibiotics that people have traditionally used for centuries may contribute to the lifesaving drugs of tomorrow.

If a person has questions about these natural antibiotics, they can speak with a doctor. It is also important to seek medical attention if symptoms of an infection are getting worse.

 

• Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses
• Nutrition / Diet
• Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine

How we reviewed this article:

SourcesMedical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• About antimicrobial resistance. (2024). https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/index.html
• Ahmed, N, et al. (2022). The antimicrobial efficacy against welective oral microbes, antioxidant activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of Zingiber officinale. https://www.dovepress.com/the-antimicrobial-efficacy-against-selective-oral-microbes-antioxidant-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR
• Antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance facts. (2024). https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
• Bai J, et al. (2023). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of clove essential oil against foodborne pathogens. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643822011847
• Baranova AA, et al. (2023). Modern trends in natural antibiotic discovery. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/5/1073
• Beristain-Bauza SDC, et al. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and its application in food products. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/87559129.2019.1573829
• Brudzynski K. (2021). Honey as an ecological reservoir of antibacterial compounds produced by antagonistic microbial interactions in plant nectars, honey and honey bee. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/5/551
• Bhatwalkaler SB, et al. (2021). Antibacterial properties of organosulfur compounds of garlic (Allium sativum). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8362743/
• Faujdar SS, et al. (2020). Antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) against uropathogens producing ESBL, MBL, and AmpC beta-lactamase: Are we close to getting a new antibacterial agent? https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext/2020/09010/antibacterial_activity_of_syzygium_aromaticum.33.aspx
• Fimbres-García JO, et al.(2022). Facing resistant bacteria with plant essential oils: Reviewing the oregano case. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/12/1777
• Garlic. (2020). https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/garlic
• Sumer J, et al. (2023). Novel Echinacea formulations for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults—A randomized blinded controlled trial.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.948787/full
• Ogal M, et al. (2021). Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: A randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8028575/
• Yazdanian M, et al. (2022). Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Echinacea and Arctium extracts and Zataria essential oil. https://amb-express.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13568-022-01417-7
• Yuan Y, et al. (2023). Antibacterial activity of oregano essential oils against Streptococcus mutans in vitro and analysis of active components.https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-023-03890-4

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Medically reviewed by Ami Patel PharmD, BCPS — Written by Peter Morales-Brown — Updated on March 28, 2025

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