Actual - Wiktionary

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English actual, actuel (active), from Anglo-Norman actuel, actual, and its source Late Latin actuālis (active, practical), from Latin actus (act, action, performance), from agere (to do; to act) + -alis (-al), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ-. By surface analysis, act +‎ -u- +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈækʃuəl/, /ˈækʃəl/, /ˈæktʃuəl/, /ˈæktʃəl/
  • (dated, non-yod-coalescence, Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈæktjʊəl/, /ˈæktjəl/
  • (colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈæt͡ʃəl/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • (Indic) IPA(key): /ˈaktʃʊwəl/
  • Rhymes: -æktʃuəl, -æktʃəl, -ækʃuəl, -ækʃəl

Adjective

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actual (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly theology) relating to a person's acts or deeds; active, practical [from 14th c.]
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking, and other actuall performances, what (at any time) haue you heard her say?
    • 1650, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living:Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is [] by a special prayer or action, [] given to God.
    • 1946, The American Ecclesiastical Review, volume 114:Apparently, the holy Doctor was referring to actual, rather than original, sin; yet the basis of his argument for Mary's holiness, the divine maternity, would logically lead to the conclusion that she was free from original sin also.
  2. Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.] Synonym: real Antonyms: potential, possible, virtual, speculative, conceivable, theoretical, nominal, hypothetical, estimated the actual cost of goods;  the actual case under discussion The actual government expenses dramatically exceed the budget.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:The original family who had begun to build a palace to rival Nonesuch had died out before they had put up little more than the gateway, so that the actual structure which had come down to posterity retained the secret magic of a promise rather than the overpowering splendour of a great architectural achievement.
    • 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:They also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies.
  3. (now rare) in action at the time being; now existing; current. [from 18th c.] Synonym: present Coordinate terms: future, past
    • 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the revolution in France:If this be your actual situation, compared to the situation to which you were called, as it were by the voice of God and man, I cannot find it in my heart to congratulate you on the choice you have made, or the success which has attended your endeavours.
    • c. 1793, Edward Gibbon, Memoirs of My Life, Penguin, published 1990, page 85:To my actual feelings it seems incredible that I could ever believe that I believed in Transubstantiation!
  4. Used as intensifier to emphasise a following noun; exact, specific, very. [from 18th c.]
    • 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:[H]ow the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure. Yet this is the level of organisation that does the actual thinking—and is, presumably, the seat of consciousness.

Usage notes

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  • In most Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages the cognate of actual means “current”. This meaning has also been used in English since the sixteenth century but is now rare due to a semantic shift.
  • The phrase in actual fact has been proscribed by some prescriptivist sources as redundant.[1]

Synonyms

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  • positive

Derived terms

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  • actual bodily harm
  • actual cash value
  • actual cost
  • actual flying time
  • actualism
  • actualist
  • actualistic
  • actuality
  • actualization
  • actualize
  • actually
  • actual malice
  • actualness
  • actual neurosis
  • actual occasions
  • actual parameter
  • actual sin
  • nonactual
  • unactual
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  • activity
  • actor
  • actuary

Translations

[edit] existing in act or reality, not just potentially
  • Arabic: حَقِيقِيّ (ḥaqīqiyy), وَاقِعِيّ (wāqiʕiyy), فِعْلِيّ (fiʕliyy)
  • Bengali: আসল (bn) (aśol), বাস্তব (bn) (bastob), খোদ (bn) (khōd)
  • Bulgarian: реа́лен (bg) (reálen), действи́телен (bg) (dejstvítelen)
  • Catalan: real (ca)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 實際的 / 实际的 (zh) (shíjì de)
  • Czech: skutečný (cs)
  • Dutch: werkelijk (nl), daadwerkelijk (nl), effectief (nl), reëel (nl)
  • Esperanto: reala
  • Finnish: todellinen (fi), tosiasiallinen (fi)
  • French: réel (fr), effectif (fr)
  • Georgian: ნამდვილი (namdvili)
  • German: tatsächlich (de), konkret (de)
  • Greek: πραγματικός (el) (pragmatikós)
  • Hausa: ainihin
  • Hindi: वास्तविक (hi) (vāstavik)
  • Hungarian: valóságos (hu), fennálló (hu), tényleges (hu)
  • Interlingua: real, effective, ver
  • Italian: reale (it), effettivo (it)
  • Japanese: 実際の (ja) (じっさいの, jissai no), 現実の (ja) (げんじつの, genjitsu no)
  • Maori: tinana
  • Middle English: actual
  • Norwegian: faktisk (no), reell (no), virkelig (no)
  • Ottoman Turkish: كرچك (gerçek)
  • Portuguese: real (pt), efectivo (pt)
  • Russian: реа́льный (ru) (reálʹnyj), действи́тельный (ru) (dejstvítelʹnyj), настоя́щий (ru) (nastojáščij)
  • Scottish Gaelic: cinnteach
  • Spanish: real (es), existente (es), verdadero (es), efectivo (es)
  • Swedish: faktisk (sv), verklig (sv), reell (sv)
  • Turkish: gerçek (tr)
  • Ukrainian: ді́йсний (díjsnyj), спра́вжній (správžnij)
  • Vietnamese: thật (vi), thật sự (vi), thực tế (vi), có thật
  • Yiddish: פֿאַקטיש (faktish), רעאַל (real)
factual, real, not just apparent or even false
  • Belarusian: факты́чны (faktýčny)
  • Bulgarian: реа́лен (bg) (reálen)
  • Dutch: echt (nl), reëel (nl), werkelijk (nl)
  • Esperanto: fakta, vera (eo)
  • Finnish: todellinen (fi)
  • Georgian: ფაქტობრივი (pakṭobrivi)
  • Hindi: सत्य (hi) m (satya)
  • Hungarian: tényleges (hu), valódi (hu), igazi (hu), valóságos (hu)
  • Italian: concreto (it)
  • Latin: vērus (la)
  • Maori: tinana
  • Middle English: actual
  • Polish: właściwy (pl), prawdziwy (pl)
  • Russian: и́стинный (ru) (ístinnyj), по́длинный (ru) (pódlinnyj), факти́ческий (ru) (faktíčeskij), настоя́щий (ru) (nastojáščij)
  • Scottish Gaelic: cinnteach
  • Spanish: realmente (es) (adverb)
  • Turkish: hakiki (tr)
  • Ukrainian: спра́вжній (správžnij), факти́чний (faktýčnyj)
  • Yiddish: פֿאַקטיש (faktish), באמתדיק (beémesdik)
in action at the time being
  • Arabic: حَاضِر (ḥāḍir), رَاهِن (rāhin)
  • Bulgarian: сегашен (bg) (segašen), актуа́лен (bg) (aktuálen)
  • Catalan: real (ca)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 現實的 / 现实的 (zh) (xiànshí de)
  • Dutch: actueel (nl), huidig (nl)
  • Esperanto: nuna (eo), aktuala, efektiva (eo), kuranta
  • Finnish: nykyinen (fi), tämänhetkinen (fi), ajankohtainen (fi)
  • Georgian: მიმდინარე (mimdinare)
  • German: gegenwärtig (de), aktuell (de)
  • Hungarian: jelenlegi (hu), aktuális (hu)
  • Interlingua: actual, real, existente
  • Italian: esistente (it), attuale (it), corrente (it)
  • Middle English: actual
  • Polish: aktualny (pl)
  • Portuguese: actual (pt), real (pt)
  • Russian: теку́щий (ru) (tekúščij), действи́тельный (ru) (dejstvítelʹnyj), настоя́щий (ru) (nastojáščij), (popular) ны́нешний (ru) (nýnešnij)
  • Spanish: actual (es), real (es)
  • Swedish: befintlig (sv), rådande (sv), aktuell (sv)
  • Turkish: güncel (tr), aktüel (tr), şimdiki (tr)
  • Ukrainian: пото́чний (potóčnyj), актуа́льний (uk) (aktuálʹnyj), факти́чний (faktýčnyj), ді́йсний (díjsnyj)
  • Vietnamese: hiện tại (vi), hiện thời, hiện nay (vi), đúng thời
emphasise a noun see also itself,‎ exact,‎ specific,‎ very
  • Bulgarian: действи́телен (bg) (dejstvítelen)
  • Dutch: eigenlijk (nl), feitelijk (nl)
  • Finnish: suoranainen (fi)
  • German: tatsächlich (de)
  • Italian: presente (it)
  • Portuguese: em si (pt)
  • Russian: настоя́щий (ru) (nastojáščij)
  • Spanish: en sí, concreto (es), propio (es)
  • Turkish: esas (tr), asıl (tr)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked
  • Esperanto: (please verify) efektiva (eo)
  • French: (please verify) réel (fr), (please verify) effectif (fr), (please verify) présent (fr), (please verify) actuel (fr)
  • Korean: (please verify) 실제의 (silje'ui)

Noun

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actual (countable and uncountable, plural actuals)

  1. an actual, real one; notably:
    1. (finance) something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones.
    2. (military) a radio callsign modifier that specifies the commanding officer of the unit or asset denoted by the remainder of the callsign and not the officer's assistant or other designee. Bravo Six Actual, this is Charlie One. Come in, over.The radio operator is requesting to speak to the commander of the unit under the call sign "Bravo Six", as opposed to any available member of the unit.
  2. (uncountable) Reality, usually with the definite article.
    • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A London Life”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. [], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, [], →OCLC, page 161:There was that desolate air about the chamber which is peculiar to an ill-furnished London room: cities need luxuries, were it only to conceal the actual.

See also

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  • certain
  • genuine

References

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  1. ^ Christopher Howse; Richard Preston (2007), She Literally Exploded: The Daily Telegraph Infuriating Phrasebook, London: Constable and Robinson, →ISBN, page 3.

Further reading

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  • “actual”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
  • William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “actual”, in The Century Dictionary [], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Anagrams

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  • acault

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin actuālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ək.tuˈal]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ak.tuˈal]
  • Audio (Barcelona):(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: ac‧tu‧al

Adjective

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actual m or f (masculine and feminine plural actuals)

  1. present, current
  2. factual

Derived terms

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  • actualitzar
  • actualment
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  • actualitat

Further reading

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  • “actual”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
  • “actual”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
  • “actual” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “actual” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

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Alternative forms

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  • atual (reintegrationist)

Etymology

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From Latin actuālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aktuˈal/ [ɑk.t̪uˈɑɫ]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: ac‧tu‧al

Adjective

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actual m or f (plural actuais)

  1. current, present
  2. factual, real, actual

Derived terms

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  • actualizar
  • actualmente
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  • actualidade

Further reading

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  • “actual”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Interlingua

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Adjective

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actual

  1. present, current
  2. factual
  3. (philosophy) actual, real
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  • actualisar
  • actualitate
  • actualmente

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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  • actuale, actualle, actuelle

Etymology

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Borrowed from Anglo-Norman actuel and Late Latin āctuālis; equivalent to act +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˌaktiu̯ˈɛːl/, /ˈaktiu̯ɛl/ (from Anglo-Norman actuel)
  • IPA(key): /ˌaktiu̯ˈal/, /ˈaktiu̯al/ (from Late Latin āctuālis)

Adjective

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actual

  1. actual, real, true
  2. (philosophy, theology) active

Derived terms

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  • actually

Descendants

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  • English: actual
  • Middle Scots: actual, actuall
    • Scots: actual, ackwal

References

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  • “actūā̆l, -ē̆l, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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  • actuau (Gascony)

Etymology

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From Latin actuālis.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Languedoc):(file)

Adjective

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actual m (feminine singular actuala, masculine plural actuals, feminine plural actualas)

  1. current

Derived terms

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  • actualament
[edit]
  • actualitat

Portuguese

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Adjective

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actual m or f (plural actuais)

  1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1990 in Portugal) of atual; still used where the agreement hasn’t come into effect and may occur as a sporadic misspelling

Further reading

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  • “actual”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French actuel, from Latin actualis. By surface analysis, act +‎ -ual.

Adjective

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actual m or n (feminine singular actuală, masculine plural actuali, feminine/neuter plural actuale)

  1. present-day

Declension

[edit] Declension of actual
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-accusative indefinite actual actuală actuali actuale
definite actualul actuala actualii actualele
genitive-dative indefinite actual actuale actuali actuale
definite actualului actualei actualilor actualelor

Scots

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈak(t)wəl/

Adjective

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actual (comparative mair actual, superlative maist actual)

  1. actual

References

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  • Eagle, Andy, ed. (2016) The Online Scots Dictionary, Scots Online.

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin actuālis. Cognate with English actual although a false friend.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aɡˈtwal/ [aɣ̞ˈt̪wal]
  • Audio (Venezuela):(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: ac‧tual

Adjective

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actual m or f (masculine and feminine plural actuales)

  1. present, current
    • 2020 July 9, Carlos E. Cué, Miguel González, “Sánchez plantea revisar la inviolabilidad del Rey en la Constitución”, in El País‎[1], archived from the original on 10 July 2020:Cuando se le preguntó si se está buscando “alguna salida” para el rey emérito, Calvo respondió que el futuro de Juan Carlos I “compete fundamentalmente a la decisión que tome el jefe de la Casa Real, que es el actual rey Felipe VI”.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2025 May 30, David Goldman and Elisabeth Buchwald, “Trump anuncia que los aranceles al acero aumentarán a 50 %”, in CNN en Español‎[2]:El presidente Donald Trump anunció este viernes que establecerá aranceles del 50 % al acero importado a Estados Unidos, el doble de la tasa actual.President Donald Trump announced this Friday that he will impose 50% tariffs on imported steel to the United States, double the current rate.
  2. factual
  3. (philosophy) actual, real
  4. present-day San Pablo nació en Tarso de Cilicia en la actual Turquía.Saint Paul was born in Tarsus of Cilicia in present-day Turkey.

Usage notes

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  • Actual is a false friend and does not mean the same as the English word actual. Spanish equivalents are shown above, in the "Translations" section of the English entry actual.

Derived terms

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  • actualizar
  • actualmente
[edit]
  • actualidad

Noun

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actual m (plural actuales)

  1. (preceded by del) of the current month, year, etc. Synonyms: corriente, presente El día veinte del actual.The twentieth of this [month].

See also

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  • Appendix:False friends between English and Spanish

Further reading

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  • “actual”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Anagrams

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  • culata

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