Anabolic Steroids - MedlinePlus

You Are Here: Home → Health Topics → Anabolic Steroids URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html Anabolic Steroids Also called: Anabolic-androgenic steroids

Summary

What are anabolic steroids?

Anabolic steroids are synthetic (man-made) versions of testosterone. Testosterone is the main sex hormone in men. It is needed to develop and maintain male sex characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth. Women do have some testosterone in their bodies, but in much smaller amounts.

What are anabolic steroids used for?

Health care providers use anabolic steroids to treat some hormone problems in men, delayed puberty, and muscle loss from some diseases. But some people misuse anabolic steroids by taking them in a way that's different than their provider prescribed.

Why do people misuse anabolic steroids?

Some bodybuilders and athletes use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance. They may take steroids by swallowing tablets or capsules, inject them into muscles, or apply them to the skin as a gel or cream. These doses may be 10 to 100 times higher than doses used to treat medical conditions. Using them this way, without a prescription from a provider, is not legal or safe.

What are the health effects of misusing anabolic steroids?

Misuse of anabolic steroids, especially over a long period of time, has been linked with many health problems, including:

• Acne
• Stunted growth in teens
• High blood pressure
• Changes in cholesterol
• Heart problems, including heart attack
• Liver disease, including cancer
• Kidney damage
• Mood changes such as irritability and aggressive behavior

In men, it can also cause:

• Baldness
• Breast growth
• Low sperm count/infertility
• Shrinking of the testicles
• Testicular cancer

In women, it can also cause:

• Changes in your menstrual cycle (period)
• Growth of body and facial hair
• Male-pattern baldness
• Voice deepening
• Decreased breast size

Are anabolic steroids addictive?

Even though they don't cause a high, anabolic steroids can lead to addiction. You can have withdrawal symptoms if you stop using them, including:

• Fatigue
• Restlessness
• Loss of appetite
• Sleep problems
• Decreased sex drive
• Steroid cravings
• Depression, which can sometimes be serious and even lead to suicide attempts

Behavioral therapy and medicines can be helpful in treating anabolic steroid addiction

NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse

Learn More

• Anabolic Steroids and Other Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs) (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Also in Spanish
• Drug Enforcement Administration
• Drug Testing (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish
• FindTreatment.gov (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) Also in Spanish
• Learn about Steroids (Drug Enforcement Administration)
• Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Know the Risks (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish
• Steroids (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish
• Steroids (Drug Enforcement Administration) Also in Spanish
• What Are the Risks of Steroid Use? (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: Anabolic Steroids (National Institutes of Health)

Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)

• Article: Anabolic medications for rehabilitation after hip fracture in older people.
• Article: A Molecular and Functional Investigation of the Anabolic Effect of an...
• Article: Anabolic-androgenic steroids at supraphysiological doses: Cardiovascular impacts and pathophysiological mechanisms.
• Anabolic Steroids -- see more articles

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National Institutes of Health

The primary NIH organization for research on Anabolic Steroids is the National Institute on Drug Abuse

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