Apex Of The Heart - Wikidoc

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart.

It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura.

External anatomy

It lies behind the fifth left intercostal space, 8 to 9 cm. from the mid-sternal line, slightly medial to the midclavicular line.

Alternately, it can be found about 4 cm. below and 2 mm. to the medial side of the left mammary papilla.

It's function is to pump blood from the left atruim

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Anatomy of the heart
General
Surface
  • base
  • apex
  • sulci
    • coronary
    • interatrial
    • anterior interventricular
    • posterior interventricular
  • borders
    • right
    • left
Internal
  • atria
    • interatrial septum
    • pectinate muscles
    • terminal sulcus
  • ventricles
    • interventricular septum
    • trabeculae carneae
    • chordae tendineae
    • papillary muscle
  • valves
  • cusps
  • atrioventricular septum
  • cardiac skeleton
  • intervenous tubercle
Chambers
Right heart
  • (venae cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of inferior vena cava, valve of coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (infundibulum, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula, crista supraventricularis), → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)
Left heart
  • (pulmonary veins) → left atrium (atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)
Layers
Endocardium
  • heart valves
Myocardium
  • Conduction system
    • cardiac pacemaker
    • SA node
    • Bachmann's bundle
    • AV node
    • bundle of His
    • bundle branches
    • Purkinje fibers
Pericardial cavity
  • pericardial sinus
Pericardium
  • fibrous pericardium
    • sternopericardial ligaments
  • serous pericardium
    • epicardium/visceral layer
  • fold of left vena cava
Blood supply
  • Circulatory system
  • Coronary circulation
  • Coronary arteries

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Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Apex_of_the_heart&oldid=668850" Category:
  • Cardiovascular system
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