Arduino Oled I2c Display 128x64 With Examples, Libraries Issues ...

Last Updated on October 3, 2024 by Engr. Shahzada Fahad

Table of Contents

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• Description:
• Amazon Links:
• Oled Technology:
• About the Oled i2c Display:
• Oled Display Module Pinout:
• Oled i2c Display Interfacing with Arduino Uno Circuit Diagram:
• Arduino Oled Libraries:
• Basic Oled functions:
• Arduino Oled i2c Display Projects:
• Watch Video Tutorial:

Description:

Arduino Oled i2c Display– In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SSD1306 or SH1106 0.96 inch Oled i2c 128×64 Display module with Arduino. In this tutorial, I will cover the extreme basics like for example

1. Oled i2c Display Interfacing with Arduino
2. How to fix some common issues?
3. How to select a proper library for the 128×64 Oled display Module?
4. How to use the basic Oled functions?
5. How to print text messages and Numbers on the Oled i2c Display?
6. How to draw different shapes? And finally
7. How to make a Weather station using DHT11 Sensor and display the temperature and humidity values on the Oled display.

Without any further delay let’s get started!!!

Note: For step by step explanation and practical demonstration, watch the video given at the end of this article. 

Amazon Links:

Arduino Nano USB-C Type (Recommended)

12v Adaptor:

SSD1306 128×64 Oled i2c display Module

DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Module:

Arduino Uno

*Disclosure: These are affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

Oled Technology:

organic light-emitting diodes or Oleds. These were developed during the 20th century the very first commercial device to use old LEDs was a Kodak camera in 2003 in 2013 Samsung became the first company to release OLED televisions and they’re now the biggest manufacturer in the world of OLED television screens now, the Oled we’re going to be using is not as big as TV

screen, but very small one as you can see in the picture below.

The Oled displays are the kinds of devices you’ll see on items like mp3 radios and smart watches and they’re very nice These things have a lot of excellent properties to use with an Arduino as a display, they are very easy to read, they take a very small current and you can read them from different angles.

About the Oled i2c Display:

This is a monocolor, 0.96-inch with 128×64 pixels Oled i2c display module. OLED stands for Organic light emitting diode. There are two different models of the same Oled display module which are SSD1306 and SH1106. Only by looking at the Oled display it’s really hard to tell whether this is SSD1306 or SH1106 model. Which I will tell you in a minute how to find this.

Unlike the 16×2 liquid crystal display module, the Oled display does not require backlight, which results in a very nice contrast and moreover the Oled display consumes less power when compared with other displays.

There are other types of the Oled display modules, which are available in different shapes and sizes, some are using i2c communication protocol, there are also other Oled displays that support the SPI communication. But in this tutorial I will only focus on the Oled display modules that support i2c communication.

This Oled display module can be powered up using 3.3 to 5 volts due to which it can be easily used with 3.3 volts supported controller boards like Nodemcu ESP8266, ESP32, etc and 5 volts supported controller boards like Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino Nano and so on.

Oled Display Module Pinout:

This display Module has a total of 4 male headers which are clearly labeled as VCC, GND, SCL, and SDA.

This small resistor is the i2c address selector. Currently, the i2c address is the 0x78. But if you remove this resistor and solder it on the other side then the i2c address will become 0x7A. But there are situations when both the i2c addresses are not working, so when you end up in a situation like this, then you will need to use the i2c scanner, which I will explain in the programming section.  So, now let’s have a look at the circuit diagram.

Oled i2c Display Interfacing with Arduino Uno Circuit Diagram:

As you can see the circuit diagram is really simple. The VCC and GND pins of the 128×64 Oled display module are connected with the Arduino’s 5 volts and ground. While the SCL and SDA pins of the Oled display are connected with the Arduino’s Analog pins A5 and A4 which are the i2c pins. If you are using Arduino Mega then connect these pins with 20 and 21. 20 is the SDA while 21 is the SCL.

I interfaced my 128×64 i2c Oled display with the Arduino as per the circuit diagram already explained.

When you are done with the connections, you can start by checking the I2C address of your OLed display module by using the I2C Scanner Code, if in case you don’t know about the I2C address.

Arduino Oled Libraries:

Download: Adafruit_SSD1306.h 

Download: Adafruit_SH1106.h 

Download: Adafruit_GFX.h 

Download: Adafruit_Sensor

To control this Oled display we will need to install the correct libraries. First I am going to start with the Adafruit_SSD1306.h and the Adafruit_GFX.h libraries. And let’s see if I can control this Oled display module using these libraries. Follow the same exact steps as given below:

Open the Arduino IDE and click on the Sketch Menu > Include Library > Manage Libraries or simply press the Ctrl+Shift+I,

This will open the Library Manager.

Type Adafruit SSD1306 in the search box

As you can see I have already installed this library.

Now write Adafruit GFX library in the search box and press the install button. As you can see in the picture below, I have already installed this library.

The libraries which we installed comes with example codes which we can use to test our Oled display module.

Click on the File Menu > Examples > Adafruit SSD1306 > ssd1306_128x64_i2c

This will open the following program. which is a long program. write now I will not explain the program, because at this point all I need is just to run my Oled display Module. You will need to make some changes in the program given below, change the i2c address, the i2c address of my Oled display module is 0x78.

#include <SPI.h> #include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> #include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> #define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels #define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels // Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins) #define OLED_RESET 4 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin) Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET); #define NUMFLAKES 10 // Number of snowflakes in the animation example #define LOGO_HEIGHT 16 #define LOGO_WIDTH 16 static const unsigned char PROGMEM logo_bmp[] = { B00000000, B11000000, B00000001, B11000000, B00000001, B11000000, B00000011, B11100000, B11110011, B11100000, B11111110, B11111000, B01111110, B11111111, B00110011, B10011111, B00011111, B11111100, B00001101, B01110000, B00011011, B10100000, B00111111, B11100000, B00111111, B11110000, B01111100, B11110000, B01110000, B01110000, B00000000, B00110000 }; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC = generate display voltage from 3.3V internally if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x78)) { // Address 0x3D for 128x64 Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed")); for(;;); // Don't proceed, loop forever } // Show initial display buffer contents on the screen -- // the library initializes this with an Adafruit splash screen. display.display(); delay(2000); // Pause for 2 seconds // Clear the buffer display.clearDisplay(); // Draw a single pixel in white display.drawPixel(10, 10, SSD1306_WHITE); // Show the display buffer on the screen. You MUST call display() after // drawing commands to make them visible on screen! display.display(); delay(2000); // display.display() is NOT necessary after every single drawing command, // unless that's what you want...rather, you can batch up a bunch of // drawing operations and then update the screen all at once by calling // display.display(). These examples demonstrate both approaches... testdrawline(); // Draw many lines testdrawrect(); // Draw rectangles (outlines) testfillrect(); // Draw rectangles (filled) testdrawcircle(); // Draw circles (outlines) testfillcircle(); // Draw circles (filled) testdrawroundrect(); // Draw rounded rectangles (outlines) testfillroundrect(); // Draw rounded rectangles (filled) testdrawtriangle(); // Draw triangles (outlines) testfilltriangle(); // Draw triangles (filled) testdrawchar(); // Draw characters of the default font testdrawstyles(); // Draw 'stylized' characters testscrolltext(); // Draw scrolling text testdrawbitmap(); // Draw a small bitmap image // Invert and restore display, pausing in-between display.invertDisplay(true); delay(1000); display.invertDisplay(false); delay(1000); testanimate(logo_bmp, LOGO_WIDTH, LOGO_HEIGHT); // Animate bitmaps } void loop() { } void testdrawline() { int16_t i; display.clearDisplay(); // Clear display buffer for(i=0; i<display.width(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(0, 0, i, display.height()-1, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); // Update screen with each newly-drawn line delay(1); } for(i=0; i<display.height(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(0, 0, display.width()-1, i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(250); display.clearDisplay(); for(i=0; i<display.width(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(0, display.height()-1, i, 0, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } for(i=display.height()-1; i>=0; i-=4) { display.drawLine(0, display.height()-1, display.width()-1, i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(250); display.clearDisplay(); for(i=display.width()-1; i>=0; i-=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, display.height()-1, i, 0, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } for(i=display.height()-1; i>=0; i-=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, display.height()-1, 0, i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(250); display.clearDisplay(); for(i=0; i<display.height(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, 0, 0, i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } for(i=0; i<display.width(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, 0, i, display.height()-1, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(2000); // Pause for 2 seconds } void testdrawrect(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2; i+=2) { display.drawRect(i, i, display.width()-2*i, display.height()-2*i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); // Update screen with each newly-drawn rectangle delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testfillrect(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2; i+=3) { // The INVERSE color is used so rectangles alternate white/black display.fillRect(i, i, display.width()-i*2, display.height()-i*2, SSD1306_INVERSE); display.display(); // Update screen with each newly-drawn rectangle delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testdrawcircle(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=0; i<max(display.width(),display.height())/2; i+=2) { display.drawCircle(display.width()/2, display.height()/2, i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testfillcircle(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=max(display.width(),display.height())/2; i>0; i-=3) { // The INVERSE color is used so circles alternate white/black display.fillCircle(display.width() / 2, display.height() / 2, i, SSD1306_INVERSE); display.display(); // Update screen with each newly-drawn circle delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testdrawroundrect(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2-2; i+=2) { display.drawRoundRect(i, i, display.width()-2*i, display.height()-2*i, display.height()/4, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testfillroundrect(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2-2; i+=2) { // The INVERSE color is used so round-rects alternate white/black display.fillRoundRect(i, i, display.width()-2*i, display.height()-2*i, display.height()/4, SSD1306_INVERSE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testdrawtriangle(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=0; i<max(display.width(),display.height())/2; i+=5) { display.drawTriangle( display.width()/2 , display.height()/2-i, display.width()/2-i, display.height()/2+i, display.width()/2+i, display.height()/2+i, SSD1306_WHITE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testfilltriangle(void) { display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_t i=max(display.width(),display.height())/2; i>0; i-=5) { // The INVERSE color is used so triangles alternate white/black display.fillTriangle( display.width()/2 , display.height()/2-i, display.width()/2-i, display.height()/2+i, display.width()/2+i, display.height()/2+i, SSD1306_INVERSE); display.display(); delay(1); } delay(2000); } void testdrawchar(void) { display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(1); // Normal 1:1 pixel scale display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE); // Draw white text display.setCursor(0, 0); // Start at top-left corner display.cp437(true); // Use full 256 char 'Code Page 437' font // Not all the characters will fit on the display. This is normal. // Library will draw what it can and the rest will be clipped. for(int16_t i=0; i<256; i++) { if(i == '\n') display.write(' '); else display.write(i); } display.display(); delay(2000); } void testdrawstyles(void) { display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(1); // Normal 1:1 pixel scale display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE); // Draw white text display.setCursor(0,0); // Start at top-left corner display.println(F("Hello, world!")); display.setTextColor(SSD1306_BLACK, SSD1306_WHITE); // Draw 'inverse' text display.println(3.141592); display.setTextSize(2); // Draw 2X-scale text display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE); display.print(F("0x")); display.println(0xDEADBEEF, HEX); display.display(); delay(2000); } void testscrolltext(void) { display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(2); // Draw 2X-scale text display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE); display.setCursor(10, 0); display.println(F("scroll")); display.display(); // Show initial text delay(100); // Scroll in various directions, pausing in-between: display.startscrollright(0x00, 0x0F); delay(2000); display.stopscroll(); delay(1000); display.startscrollleft(0x00, 0x0F); delay(2000); display.stopscroll(); delay(1000); display.startscrolldiagright(0x00, 0x07); delay(2000); display.startscrolldiagleft(0x00, 0x07); delay(2000); display.stopscroll(); delay(1000); } void testdrawbitmap(void) { display.clearDisplay(); display.drawBitmap( (display.width() - LOGO_WIDTH ) / 2, (display.height() - LOGO_HEIGHT) / 2, logo_bmp, LOGO_WIDTH, LOGO_HEIGHT, 1); display.display(); delay(1000); } #define XPOS 0 // Indexes into the 'icons' array in function below #define YPOS 1 #define DELTAY 2 void testanimate(const uint8_t *bitmap, uint8_t w, uint8_t h) { int8_t f, icons[NUMFLAKES][3]; // Initialize 'snowflake' positions for(f=0; f< NUMFLAKES; f++) { icons[f][XPOS] = random(1 - LOGO_WIDTH, display.width()); icons[f][YPOS] = -LOGO_HEIGHT; icons[f][DELTAY] = random(1, 6); Serial.print(F("x: ")); Serial.print(icons[f][XPOS], DEC); Serial.print(F(" y: ")); Serial.print(icons[f][YPOS], DEC); Serial.print(F(" dy: ")); Serial.println(icons[f][DELTAY], DEC); } for(;;) { // Loop forever... display.clearDisplay(); // Clear the display buffer // Draw each snowflake: for(f=0; f< NUMFLAKES; f++) { display.drawBitmap(icons[f][XPOS], icons[f][YPOS], bitmap, w, h, SSD1306_WHITE); } display.display(); // Show the display buffer on the screen delay(200); // Pause for 1/10 second // Then update coordinates of each flake... for(f=0; f< NUMFLAKES; f++) { icons[f][YPOS] += icons[f][DELTAY]; // If snowflake is off the bottom of the screen... if (icons[f][YPOS] >= display.height()) { // Reinitialize to a random position, just off the top icons[f][XPOS] = random(1 - LOGO_WIDTH, display.width()); icons[f][YPOS] = -LOGO_HEIGHT; icons[f][DELTAY] = random(1, 6); } } } }

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#include <SPI.h>#include <Wire.h>#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> #define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels // Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)#define OLED_RESET 4 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT,&Wire,OLED_RESET); #define NUMFLAKES 10 // Number of snowflakes in the animation example #define LOGO_HEIGHT 16#define LOGO_WIDTH 16staticconstunsignedcharPROGMEM logo_bmp[]={B00000000,B11000000,B00000001,B11000000,B00000001,B11000000,B00000011,B11100000,B11110011,B11100000,B11111110,B11111000,B01111110,B11111111,B00110011,B10011111,B00011111,B11111100,B00001101,B01110000,B00011011,B10100000,B00111111,B11100000,B00111111,B11110000,B01111100,B11110000,B01110000,B01110000,B00000000,B00110000}; voidsetup(){Serial.begin(9600); // SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC = generate display voltage from 3.3V internallyif(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC,0x78)){// Address 0x3D for 128x64Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));for(;;);// Don't proceed, loop forever} // Show initial display buffer contents on the screen --// the library initializes this with an Adafruit splash screen.display.display();delay(2000);// Pause for 2 seconds // Clear the bufferdisplay.clearDisplay(); // Draw a single pixel in whitedisplay.drawPixel(10,10,SSD1306_WHITE); // Show the display buffer on the screen. You MUST call display() after// drawing commands to make them visible on screen!display.display();delay(2000);// display.display() is NOT necessary after every single drawing command,// unless that's what you want...rather, you can batch up a bunch of// drawing operations and then update the screen all at once by calling// display.display(). These examples demonstrate both approaches... testdrawline();// Draw many lines testdrawrect();// Draw rectangles (outlines) testfillrect();// Draw rectangles (filled) testdrawcircle();// Draw circles (outlines) testfillcircle();// Draw circles (filled) testdrawroundrect();// Draw rounded rectangles (outlines) testfillroundrect();// Draw rounded rectangles (filled) testdrawtriangle();// Draw triangles (outlines) testfilltriangle();// Draw triangles (filled) testdrawchar();// Draw characters of the default font testdrawstyles();// Draw 'stylized' characters testscrolltext();// Draw scrolling text testdrawbitmap();// Draw a small bitmap image // Invert and restore display, pausing in-betweendisplay.invertDisplay(true);delay(1000);display.invertDisplay(false);delay(1000); testanimate(logo_bmp,LOGO_WIDTH,LOGO_HEIGHT);// Animate bitmaps} voidloop(){} voidtestdrawline(){int16_ti; display.clearDisplay();// Clear display buffer for(i=0;i<display.width();i+=4){display.drawLine(0,0,i,display.height()-1,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();// Update screen with each newly-drawn linedelay(1);}for(i=0;i<display.height();i+=4){display.drawLine(0,0,display.width()-1,i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);}delay(250); display.clearDisplay(); for(i=0;i<display.width();i+=4){display.drawLine(0,display.height()-1,i,0,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);}for(i=display.height()-1;i>=0;i-=4){display.drawLine(0,display.height()-1,display.width()-1,i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);}delay(250); display.clearDisplay(); for(i=display.width()-1;i>=0;i-=4){display.drawLine(display.width()-1,display.height()-1,i,0,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);}for(i=display.height()-1;i>=0;i-=4){display.drawLine(display.width()-1,display.height()-1,0,i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);}delay(250); display.clearDisplay(); for(i=0;i<display.height();i+=4){display.drawLine(display.width()-1,0,0,i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);}for(i=0;i<display.width();i+=4){display.drawLine(display.width()-1,0,i,display.height()-1,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);} delay(2000);// Pause for 2 seconds} voidtestdrawrect(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=0;i<display.height()/2;i+=2){display.drawRect(i,i,display.width()-2*i,display.height()-2*i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();// Update screen with each newly-drawn rectangledelay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestfillrect(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=0;i<display.height()/2;i+=3){// The INVERSE color is used so rectangles alternate white/blackdisplay.fillRect(i,i,display.width()-i*2,display.height()-i*2,SSD1306_INVERSE);display.display();// Update screen with each newly-drawn rectangledelay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestdrawcircle(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=0;i<max(display.width(),display.height())/2;i+=2){display.drawCircle(display.width()/2,display.height()/2,i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestfillcircle(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=max(display.width(),display.height())/2;i>0;i-=3){// The INVERSE color is used so circles alternate white/blackdisplay.fillCircle(display.width()/2,display.height()/2,i,SSD1306_INVERSE);display.display();// Update screen with each newly-drawn circledelay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestdrawroundrect(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=0;i<display.height()/2-2;i+=2){display.drawRoundRect(i,i,display.width()-2*i,display.height()-2*i,display.height()/4,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestfillroundrect(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=0;i<display.height()/2-2;i+=2){// The INVERSE color is used so round-rects alternate white/blackdisplay.fillRoundRect(i,i,display.width()-2*i,display.height()-2*i,display.height()/4,SSD1306_INVERSE);display.display();delay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestdrawtriangle(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=0;i<max(display.width(),display.height())/2;i+=5){display.drawTriangle(display.width()/2,display.height()/2-i,display.width()/2-i,display.height()/2+i,display.width()/2+i,display.height()/2+i,SSD1306_WHITE);display.display();delay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestfilltriangle(void){display.clearDisplay(); for(int16_ti=max(display.width(),display.height())/2;i>0;i-=5){// The INVERSE color is used so triangles alternate white/blackdisplay.fillTriangle(display.width()/2,display.height()/2-i,display.width()/2-i,display.height()/2+i,display.width()/2+i,display.height()/2+i,SSD1306_INVERSE);display.display();delay(1);} delay(2000);} voidtestdrawchar(void){display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(1);// Normal 1:1 pixel scaledisplay.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);// Draw white textdisplay.setCursor(0,0);// Start at top-left cornerdisplay.cp437(true);// Use full 256 char 'Code Page 437' font // Not all the characters will fit on the display. This is normal.// Library will draw what it can and the rest will be clipped.for(int16_ti=0;i<256;i++){if(i=='\n')display.write(' ');elsedisplay.write(i);} display.display();delay(2000);} voidtestdrawstyles(void){display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(1);// Normal 1:1 pixel scaledisplay.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);// Draw white textdisplay.setCursor(0,0);// Start at top-left cornerdisplay.println(F("Hello, world!")); display.setTextColor(SSD1306_BLACK,SSD1306_WHITE);// Draw 'inverse' textdisplay.println(3.141592); display.setTextSize(2);// Draw 2X-scale textdisplay.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);display.print(F("0x"));display.println(0xDEADBEEF,HEX); display.display();delay(2000);} voidtestscrolltext(void){display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(2);// Draw 2X-scale textdisplay.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);display.setCursor(10,0);display.println(F("scroll"));display.display();// Show initial textdelay(100); // Scroll in various directions, pausing in-between:display.startscrollright(0x00,0x0F);delay(2000);display.stopscroll();delay(1000);display.startscrollleft(0x00,0x0F);delay(2000);display.stopscroll();delay(1000);display.startscrolldiagright(0x00,0x07);delay(2000);display.startscrolldiagleft(0x00,0x07);delay(2000);display.stopscroll();delay(1000);} voidtestdrawbitmap(void){display.clearDisplay(); display.drawBitmap((display.width()-LOGO_WIDTH)/2,(display.height()-LOGO_HEIGHT)/2,logo_bmp,LOGO_WIDTH,LOGO_HEIGHT,1);display.display();delay(1000);} #define XPOS 0 // Indexes into the 'icons' array in function below#define YPOS 1#define DELTAY 2 voidtestanimate(constuint8_t *bitmap,uint8_tw,uint8_th){int8_tf,icons[NUMFLAKES][3]; // Initialize 'snowflake' positionsfor(f=0;f<NUMFLAKES;f++){icons[f][XPOS]=random(1-LOGO_WIDTH,display.width());icons[f][YPOS]=-LOGO_HEIGHT;icons[f][DELTAY]=random(1,6);Serial.print(F("x: "));Serial.print(icons[f][XPOS],DEC);Serial.print(F(" y: "));Serial.print(icons[f][YPOS],DEC);Serial.print(F(" dy: "));Serial.println(icons[f][DELTAY],DEC);} for(;;){// Loop forever...display.clearDisplay();// Clear the display buffer // Draw each snowflake:for(f=0;f<NUMFLAKES;f++){display.drawBitmap(icons[f][XPOS],icons[f][YPOS],bitmap,w,h,SSD1306_WHITE);} display.display();// Show the display buffer on the screendelay(200);// Pause for 1/10 second // Then update coordinates of each flake...for(f=0;f<NUMFLAKES;f++){icons[f][YPOS]+=icons[f][DELTAY];// If snowflake is off the bottom of the screen...if(icons[f][YPOS]>=display.height()){// Reinitialize to a random position, just off the topicons[f][XPOS]=random(1-LOGO_WIDTH,display.width());icons[f][YPOS]=-LOGO_HEIGHT;icons[f][DELTAY]=random(1,6);}}}}

After uploading the above program, my Oled display module was not showing anything. This may be due to two reasons.

1. My Oled i2c address is wrong or
2. Maybe I am using the wrong library which is Adafruit_SSD1306.h

To verify the i2c address, we can use the following i2c scanner. The following program can be used for finding the i2c address of any i2c supported device.

I2C Scanner Code:

#include <Wire.h> void setup() { Wire.begin(); Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println("\nI2C Scanner"); } void loop() { byte error, address; int nDevices; Serial.println("Scanning..."); nDevices = 0; for(address = 0; address <= 127; address++ ) { Wire.beginTransmission(address); error = Wire.endTransmission(); if (error == 0) { Serial.print("I2C device found at address 0x"); if (address<16) Serial.print("0"); Serial.print(address, HEX); Serial.println(" !"); nDevices++; } else if (error==4) { Serial.print("Unknow error at address 0x"); if (address<16) Serial.print("0"); Serial.println(address,HEX); } } if (nDevices == 0) Serial.println("No I2C devices found\n"); else Serial.println("done\n"); delay(30000); }

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#include <Wire.h> voidsetup(){Wire.begin();Serial.begin(115200);Serial.println("\nI2C Scanner");} voidloop(){byteerror,address;intnDevices; Serial.println("Scanning..."); nDevices=0;for(address=0;address<=127;address++){Wire.beginTransmission(address);error=Wire.endTransmission();if(error==0){Serial.print("I2C device found at address 0x");if(address<16)Serial.print("0");Serial.print(address,HEX);Serial.println(" !");nDevices++;}elseif(error==4){Serial.print("Unknow error at address 0x");if(address<16)Serial.print("0");Serial.println(address,HEX);}}if(nDevices==0)Serial.println("No I2C devices found\n");elseSerial.println("done\n");delay(30000);}

After uploading the above program, it gave me 0x3C. which means the I2C address given on the Oled display was wrong. Now, again I updated the program.

I uploaded the program. This time it turned on the Oled display and I was able to see some animations.

At first I thought my Oled was damaged. But later I found that this was due to the wrong library. Then what I did, I simply installed another library Adafruit_SH1106.h the download link is given above. This library also comes with example codes.

The following program will open.

/********************************************************************* This is an example for our Monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers

This example is for a 128×64 size display using I2C to communicate 3 pins are required to interface (2 I2C and one reset)

Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products from Adafruit!

Written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. BSD license, check license.txt for more information All text above, and the splash screen must be included in any redistribution *********************************************************************/

/********************************************************************* I change the adafruit SSD1306 to SH1106

SH1106 driver don’t provide several functions such as scroll commands.

*********************************************************************/

#include <SPI.h> #include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> #include <Adafruit_SH1106.h>

#define OLED_RESET 4 Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET);

#define NUMFLAKES 10 #define XPOS 0 #define YPOS 1 #define DELTAY 2

#define LOGO16_GLCD_HEIGHT 16 #define LOGO16_GLCD_WIDTH 16 static const unsigned char PROGMEM logo16_glcd_bmp[] = { B00000000, B11000000, B00000001, B11000000, B00000001, B11000000, B00000011, B11100000, B11110011, B11100000, B11111110, B11111000, B01111110, B11111111, B00110011, B10011111, B00011111, B11111100, B00001101, B01110000, B00011011, B10100000, B00111111, B11100000, B00111111, B11110000, B01111100, B11110000, B01110000, B01110000, B00000000, B00110000 };

#if (SH1106_LCDHEIGHT != 64) #error(“Height incorrect, please fix Adafruit_SH1106.h!”); #endif

void setup() { Serial.begin(9600);

// by default, we’ll generate the high voltage from the 3.3v line internally! (neat!) display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); // initialize with the I2C addr 0x3D (for the 128×64) // init done

// Show image buffer on the display hardware. // Since the buffer is intialized with an Adafruit splashscreen // internally, this will display the splashscreen. display.display(); delay(2000);

// Clear the buffer. display.clearDisplay();

// draw a single pixel display.drawPixel(10, 10, WHITE); // Show the display buffer on the hardware. // NOTE: You must call display after making any drawing commands // to make them visible on the display hardware! display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw many lines testdrawline(); display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw rectangles testdrawrect(); display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw multiple rectangles testfillrect(); display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw mulitple circles testdrawcircle(); display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw a white circle, 10 pixel radius display.fillCircle(display.width()/2, display.height()/2, 10, WHITE); display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

testdrawroundrect(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

testfillroundrect(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

testdrawtriangle(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

testfilltriangle(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw the first ~12 characters in the font testdrawchar(); display.display(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();

// draw scrolling text /* testscrolltext(); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay();*/

// text display tests display.setTextSize(1); display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(0,0); display.println(“Hello, world!”); display.setTextColor(BLACK, WHITE); // ‘inverted’ text display.println(3.141592); display.setTextSize(2); display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.print(“0x”); display.println(0xDEADBEEF, HEX); display.display(); delay(2000);

// miniature bitmap display display.clearDisplay(); display.drawBitmap(30, 16, logo16_glcd_bmp, 16, 16, 1); display.display();

// invert the display display.invertDisplay(true); delay(1000); display.invertDisplay(false); delay(1000);

// draw a bitmap icon and ‘animate’ movement testdrawbitmap(logo16_glcd_bmp, LOGO16_GLCD_HEIGHT, LOGO16_GLCD_WIDTH); }

void loop() {

}

void testdrawbitmap(const uint8_t *bitmap, uint8_t w, uint8_t h) { uint8_t icons[NUMFLAKES][3];

// initialize for (uint8_t f=0; f< NUMFLAKES; f++) { icons[f][XPOS] = random(display.width()); icons[f][YPOS] = 0; icons[f][DELTAY] = random(5) + 1;

Serial.print(“x: “); Serial.print(icons[f][XPOS], DEC); Serial.print(” y: “); Serial.print(icons[f][YPOS], DEC); Serial.print(” dy: “); Serial.println(icons[f][DELTAY], DEC); }

while (1) { // draw each icon for (uint8_t f=0; f< NUMFLAKES; f++) { display.drawBitmap(icons[f][XPOS], icons[f][YPOS], logo16_glcd_bmp, w, h, WHITE); } display.display(); delay(200);

// then erase it + move it for (uint8_t f=0; f< NUMFLAKES; f++) { display.drawBitmap(icons[f][XPOS], icons[f][YPOS], logo16_glcd_bmp, w, h, BLACK); // move it icons[f][YPOS] += icons[f][DELTAY]; // if its gone, reinit if (icons[f][YPOS] > display.height()) { icons[f][XPOS] = random(display.width()); icons[f][YPOS] = 0; icons[f][DELTAY] = random(5) + 1; } } } }

void testdrawchar(void) { display.setTextSize(1); display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(0,0);

for (uint8_t i=0; i < 168; i++) { if (i == ‘\n’) continue; display.write(i); if ((i > 0) && (i % 21 == 0)) display.println(); } display.display(); }

void testdrawcircle(void) { for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height(); i+=2) { display.drawCircle(display.width()/2, display.height()/2, i, WHITE); display.display(); } }

void testfillrect(void) { uint8_t color = 1; for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2; i+=3) { // alternate colors display.fillRect(i, i, display.width()-i2, display.height()-i2, color%2); display.display(); color++; } }

void testdrawtriangle(void) { for (int16_t i=0; i<min(display.width(),display.height())/2; i+=5) { display.drawTriangle(display.width()/2, display.height()/2-i, display.width()/2-i, display.height()/2+i, display.width()/2+i, display.height()/2+i, WHITE); display.display(); } }

void testfilltriangle(void) { uint8_t color = WHITE; for (int16_t i=min(display.width(),display.height())/2; i>0; i-=5) { display.fillTriangle(display.width()/2, display.height()/2-i, display.width()/2-i, display.height()/2+i, display.width()/2+i, display.height()/2+i, WHITE); if (color == WHITE) color = BLACK; else color = WHITE; display.display(); } }

void testdrawroundrect(void) { for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2-2; i+=2) { display.drawRoundRect(i, i, display.width()-2i, display.height()-2i, display.height()/4, WHITE); display.display(); } }

void testfillroundrect(void) { uint8_t color = WHITE; for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2-2; i+=2) { display.fillRoundRect(i, i, display.width()-2i, display.height()-2i, display.height()/4, color); if (color == WHITE) color = BLACK; else color = WHITE; display.display(); } }

void testdrawrect(void) { for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height()/2; i+=2) { display.drawRect(i, i, display.width()-2i, display.height()-2i, WHITE); display.display(); } }

void testdrawline() { for (int16_t i=0; i<display.width(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(0, 0, i, display.height()-1, WHITE); display.display(); } for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(0, 0, display.width()-1, i, WHITE); display.display(); } delay(250);

display.clearDisplay(); for (int16_t i=0; i<display.width(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(0, display.height()-1, i, 0, WHITE); display.display(); } for (int16_t i=display.height()-1; i>=0; i-=4) { display.drawLine(0, display.height()-1, display.width()-1, i, WHITE); display.display(); } delay(250);

display.clearDisplay(); for (int16_t i=display.width()-1; i>=0; i-=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, display.height()-1, i, 0, WHITE); display.display(); } for (int16_t i=display.height()-1; i>=0; i-=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, display.height()-1, 0, i, WHITE); display.display(); } delay(250);

display.clearDisplay(); for (int16_t i=0; i<display.height(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, 0, 0, i, WHITE); display.display(); } for (int16_t i=0; i<display.width(); i+=4) { display.drawLine(display.width()-1, 0, i, display.height()-1, WHITE); display.display(); } delay(250); }

/*void testscrolltext(void) { display.setTextSize(2); display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(10,0); display.clearDisplay(); display.println(“scroll”); display.display();

display.startscrollright(0x00, 0x0F); delay(2000); display.stopscroll(); delay(1000); display.startscrollleft(0x00, 0x0F); delay(2000); display.stopscroll(); delay(1000); display.startscrolldiagright(0x00, 0x07); delay(2000); display.startscrolldiagleft(0x00, 0x07); delay(2000); display.stopscroll(); }*/

I uploaded the above program and my Oled display module started working.

Finally, I was able to see some cool animations and texts.

I am not going to explain the above program which is very lengthy, but I will explain the basic functions which I believe you should know.

Basic Oled functions:

Here are some functions that will help you handle the OLED display library to write text or draw simple graphics.

• display.clearDisplay() – all pixels are off
• display.drawPixel(x,y, color) – plot a pixel in the x,y coordinates
• display.setTextSize(n) – set the font size, supports sizes from 1 to 8
• display.setCursor(x,y) – set the coordinates to start writing text
• display.print(“message”) – print the characters at location x,y
• display.display() – call this method for the changes to make effect

So after knowing the basic functions, let’s start with the Hello World example.

Arduino Oled i2c Display Projects:

Arduino Oled i2c Display Hello World! Project

After uploading the following program, you will see the Hello World! text message on the Oled display.

#include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> #include <Adafruit_SH1106.h> // Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins) #define OLED_RESET -1 Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET); void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); display.clearDisplay(); } void loop() { display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(1); display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(1,20); display.print("Hello World!"); display.display(); }

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#include <Wire.h>#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>#include <Adafruit_SH1106.h> // Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)#define OLED_RESET -1Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET); voidsetup(){// put your setup code here, to run once:Serial.begin(9600);display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC,0x3C);display.clearDisplay();} voidloop(){display.clearDisplay();display.setTextSize(1);display.setTextColor(WHITE);display.setCursor(1,20);display.print("Hello World!");display.display();}

Now I am going to explain the above program.

I started off by adding the libraries.

#include <Wire.h>

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#include <Adafruit_SH1106.h>

As the 128×64 Oled display the one I am using does not has the reset pin so that’s why I included -1

#define OLED_RESET -1

Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET);

In the void setup function, I activated the serial communication and selected 9600 as the baud rate and used the SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC and 0x3C and finally, I cleared the display using the display.clearDisplay().

void setup() {

  // put your setup code here, to run once:

  Serial.begin(9600);

  display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C);

  display.clearDisplay();

}

void loop() {

 I cleared the LCD display.

display.clearDisplay();

I selected the font size.

display.setTextSize(1);

then I selected the cursor position, where I want to print the Hello World! message.

display.setCursor(1,20);

display.print(“Hello World!”);

Finally, I added the following method for the changes to make effect

display.display();

}

Drawing different shapes on the 128×64 Oled i2c Display.

Copy and paste the below program into the Arduino IDE. After you Upload this program you will see different shapes on the LCD.

#include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> #include <Adafruit_SH1106.h> // Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins) #define OLED_RESET -1 Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET); void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); delay(2000); // Pause for 2 seconds // Clear the buffer display.clearDisplay(); // Draw a single pixel in white display.drawPixel(64, 32, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Draw line display.clearDisplay(); display.drawLine(0, 0, 127, 20, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Draw rectangle display.clearDisplay(); display.drawRect(30, 10, 50, 30, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Fill rectangle display.fillRect(30, 10, 50, 30, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Draw round rectangle display.clearDisplay(); display.drawRoundRect(10, 10, 30, 50, 2, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Fill round rectangle display.clearDisplay(); display.fillRoundRect(10, 10, 30, 50, 2, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Draw circle display.clearDisplay(); display.drawCircle(64, 32, 10, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Fill circle display.fillCircle(64, 32, 10, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Draw triangle display.clearDisplay(); display.drawTriangle(10, 10, 55, 20, 5, 40, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Fill triangle display.fillTriangle(10, 10, 55, 20, 5, 40, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000); // Invert and restore display, pausing in-between display.invertDisplay(true); delay(3000); display.invertDisplay(false); delay(3000); } void loop() { }

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#include <Wire.h>#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>#include <Adafruit_SH1106.h> // Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)#define OLED_RESET -1Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET); voidsetup(){Serial.begin(115200);display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC,0x3C); delay(2000);// Pause for 2 seconds // Clear the bufferdisplay.clearDisplay(); // Draw a single pixel in whitedisplay.drawPixel(64,32,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000); // Draw linedisplay.clearDisplay();display.drawLine(0,0,127,20,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Draw rectangledisplay.clearDisplay();display.drawRect(30,10,50,30,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Fill rectangledisplay.fillRect(30,10,50,30,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000); // Draw round rectangledisplay.clearDisplay();display.drawRoundRect(10,10,30,50,2,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Fill round rectangledisplay.clearDisplay();display.fillRoundRect(10,10,30,50,2,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Draw circledisplay.clearDisplay();display.drawCircle(64,32,10,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Fill circledisplay.fillCircle(64,32,10,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Draw triangledisplay.clearDisplay();display.drawTriangle(10,10,55,20,5,40,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000);// Fill triangledisplay.fillTriangle(10,10,55,20,5,40,WHITE);display.display();delay(3000); // Invert and restore display, pausing in-betweendisplay.invertDisplay(true);delay(3000);display.invertDisplay(false);delay(3000);} voidloop(){}

Arduino Oled i2c Display Code explanation:

// Draw a single pixel in white

display.drawPixel(64, 32, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Draw line

display.clearDisplay(); display.drawLine(0, 0, 127, 20, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Draw rectangle

display.clearDisplay(); display.drawRect(30, 10, 50, 30, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Fill rectangle

display.fillRect(30, 10, 50, 30, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Draw round rectangle

display.clearDisplay(); display.drawRoundRect(10, 10, 30, 50, 2, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Fill round rectangle

display.clearDisplay(); display.fillRoundRect(10, 10, 30, 50, 2, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Draw circle

display.clearDisplay(); display.drawCircle(64, 32, 10, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Fill circle

display.fillCircle(64, 32, 10, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Draw triangle

display.clearDisplay(); display.drawTriangle(10, 10, 55, 20, 5, 40, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Fill triangle

display.fillTriangle(10, 10, 55, 20, 5, 40, WHITE); display.display(); delay(3000);

// Invert and restore display, pausing in-between

‘

display.invertDisplay(true); delay(3000); display.invertDisplay(false);

Arduino Oled i2c Display based Weather Station using DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Module:

Now we will make weather station and display the Temperature and Humidity Values on the 128×64 Oled i2c Display Module using Arduino.

Arduino Oled i2c display based Weather Station Circuit Diagram:

The 128×64 Oled i2c display module connections with the Arduino Uno board remain the same. This time I added the DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Module with digital pin 2 of the Arduino. While the power supply pins of the DHT11 sensor are connected with the Arduino’s 5 volts and ground.

Arduino Oled i2c display based Weather Station Programming:

#include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> #include <Adafruit_SH1106.h> #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h> #include "DHT.h" #define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels #define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels #define OLED_RESET -1 Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET); #define DHTPIN 2 // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor // Uncomment the type of sensor in use: #define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11 //#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302) //#define DHTTYPE DHT21 // DHT 21 (AM2301) DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); dht.begin(); display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); delay(2000); display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextColor(WHITE); } void loop() { delay(5000); //read temperature and humidity float t = dht.readTemperature(); float h = dht.readHumidity(); if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) { Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"); } //clear display display.clearDisplay(); // display temperature display.setTextSize(1); display.setCursor(0,0); display.print("Temperature: "); display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor(0,10); display.print(t); display.print(" "); display.setTextSize(1); display.cp437(true); display.write(167); display.setTextSize(2); display.print("C"); // display humidity display.setTextSize(1); display.setCursor(0, 35); display.print("Humidity: "); display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor(0, 45); display.print(h); display.print(" %"); display.display(); }

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#include <Wire.h>#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>#include <Adafruit_SH1106.h>#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>#include "DHT.h" #define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels #define OLED_RESET -1Adafruit_SH1106 display(OLED_RESET); #define DHTPIN 2 // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor // Uncomment the type of sensor in use:#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11//#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302)//#define DHTTYPE DHT21 // DHT 21 (AM2301) DHT dht(DHTPIN,DHTTYPE); voidsetup(){Serial.begin(115200);dht.begin();display.begin(SH1106_SWITCHCAPVCC,0x3C);delay(2000);display.clearDisplay();display.setTextColor(WHITE);} voidloop(){delay(5000); //read temperature and humidityfloatt=dht.readTemperature();floath=dht.readHumidity();if(isnan(h)||isnan(t)){Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");} //clear displaydisplay.clearDisplay(); // display temperaturedisplay.setTextSize(1);display.setCursor(0,0);display.print("Temperature: ");display.setTextSize(2);display.setCursor(0,10);display.print(t);display.print(" ");display.setTextSize(1);display.cp437(true);display.write(167);display.setTextSize(2);display.print("C");// display humiditydisplay.setTextSize(1);display.setCursor(0,35);display.print("Humidity: ");display.setTextSize(2);display.setCursor(0,45);display.print(h);display.print(" %");display.display();}

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