Arduino PWM Motor Controller

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In this project learn how to control a motor using an Arduino. The Arduino will generate a PWM signal that will control the speed of the motor.

Before we get into the circuit it is important that we know what PWM is. PWM stands for pulse width modulation. To understand what that means I connected a PWM signal from the Arduino to my scope.

When I connected the signal to my scope I set the scope to measure the duty cycle. The duty cycle is the amount of time the signal is high this is measured in percent. Below are some signals I measured at different duty cycles.

20% duty cycle

At 20% duty cycle the signal was high 20% of the time and was low 80% of the time. This can be seen in the lower right hand value. As you can see the pulse is rather small.

50% duty cycle

I then increased the duty cycle to 50% on and 50% off. This can be seen as the amount of time that the signal is high and the signal is low is the same.

80% duty cycle

I then increased it to 80% duty cycle this is where the time the signal is spent high is 80% and low is 20%. this is shown on the scope ad the signal spends 80% of its time high.

Now that you understand what PWM does it can be implemented into a project. I chose to use a PWM signal from an Arduino to change the speed of a motor. Below is the schematic for my motor speed controller.

Schematic

I have included the code I used it is a very simple piece of code that can easily be implemented in to different projects.

int Motor = 9; // Motor pin int PotPin = 3; // potentiometer pin int val = 0; // variable to store the read value void setup() { pinMode(Motor, OUTPUT);// sets the pin as an output } void loop() { val = analogRead(PotPin); // read the input from the potentiometer analogWrite(Motor, val / 4)

Acknowledgement

I thank PCBWay & LCSC Electronics for the partnership.

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