Baking Soda As Toothpaste And For Whitening: Pros, Cons, How-to

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What to Know About Brushing Your Teeth with Baking Soda

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Archibald, DDS — Written by Rebecca Joy Stanborough, MFA on August 24, 2020

Does it work?
Pros
Cons
How to use
Baking soda toothpaste
Teeth whitening
Bottom line

Brushing your teeth with baking soda can help reduce plaque and whiten teeth, among other benefits. But there are downsides, including the fact that it doesn’t contain fluoride.

A woman standing in a bathroom, with a towel wrapped around her head, cleans her teeth with a toothbrush.

Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is a fine, white powder with almost innumerable household uses. Known mainly as a leavening agent, baking soda can do a lot more than make bread rise.

One of its most popular uses is as a teeth cleaner and whitener. But is it as safe and effective as regular toothpaste?

Here’s a look at the benefits and limitations of using baking soda on your teeth, and how to use it safely to remove plaque and oral bacteria.

Does baking soda work as a toothpaste?

Yes, it does work. While baking soda can’t protect your teeth from cavities as effectively as a fluoride toothpaste can, it’s still considered a good cleaning agent for your teeth.

Toothpastes containing baking soda have been shown to have antibacterial properties, which can help protect your teeth from decay.

What are the pros and cons?

Here’s what we know about the benefits and drawbacks of using baking soda as part of your dental hygiene regimen.

Advantages

Reduces plaque and gingivitis

Biofilms are colonies of bacteria that attach to the surface of your teeth and eventually cause problems like gingivitis and cavities. Plaque is one example of a dental biofilm.

When you brush, grains of baking soda disrupt that biofilm, reducing the bacteria count and helping to prevent damage to your teeth and gums.

May reduce bacteria

Some harmful bacteria need more acidic conditions to thrive in your mouth.

A 2017 study showed that when you rinse your mouth with a baking soda and water solution, the pH in your mouth increases, making it less acidic. As a result, using baking soda as a toothpaste may make it harder for cavity-causing bacteria to multiply in your mouth.

Whitens teeth

Baking soda has natural whitening properties and has been shown to be effective at removing stains on your teeth and whitening your smile. That’s why it’s a popular ingredient in many commercial toothpastes.

Numerous studies have shown that baking soda is a mild abrasive that has the ability to remove stains from the outside of your teeth.

Is a fluoride-free option

Too much fluoride can be toxic, especially to children under 6 years old. However, it’s important to note that fluoride toxicity is rare, and the risks are only a concern when a very large amount of fluoride is consumed.

Fluoride toxicity can cause pain, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney, and heart problems. For that reason, many people prefer a toothpaste, like baking soda, that’s free of fluoride and the risks of toxicity.

Is inexpensive

At roughly 52 cents an ounce, baking soda is affordable and readily available in nearly every drugstore, grocery store, and big-box retailer.

Disadvantages

Unappealing taste and texture

For many users, the biggest downside of brushing with straight baking soda or a baking soda paste is that it doesn’t taste very good. Baking soda’s texture may also make you feel as though you have sand in your mouth — no one’s favorite sensation.

If you want the benefits of baking soda but with a better texture, you could try one of the many commercial toothpastes that list baking soda as an ingredient.

If the texture of natural baking soda doesn’t bother you but the salty taste does, you could add 1 or 2 drops of peppermint oil to the baking soda paste to enhance the taste.

Less dramatic whitening

Baking soda is a mild abrasive. While the American Dental Association (ADA) considers baking soda safe for your enamel and dentin, some researchers have given it a low rating as a teeth whitener because it may not remove stains as effectively as some other products.

If baking soda doesn’t work well for you as a teeth whitener, you may want to consider products that contain hydrogen peroxide or microbead abrasives.

Lack of fluoride

Toothpastes approved by the ADA contain fluoride to prevent dental cavities.

Although fluoride is a natural element abundant in water and air and present in our bones and teeth, additional fluoride in toothpaste provides an extra shield against tooth decay.

Using baking soda as your only toothpaste doesn’t give you the topical fluoride that’s present in many commercial toothpastes. As a result, using baking soda alone may not give you the cavity protection you need.

How to use it to clean your teeth

To brush your teeth with baking soda, you’ll need the following:

a toothbrush
a small bowl or shot glass
baking soda
water

Instructions

First, mix equal parts baking soda and water in a small bowl until you’ve created a paste.
Dip your toothbrush into the soda mix and brush in gentle circles, making sure you cover each tooth thoroughly with the paste.
Keep brushing for around a minute.
When you’re done, spit out the baking soda and rinse your mouth until your teeth are grit-free and shiny.

Some people recommend adding lemon juice or apple cider vinegar to the mix to increase the whitening power of the baking soda, but these blends may not be a good idea.

The acidity of lemon juice and vinegar may damage the surface of your teeth and leave you vulnerable to cavities.

What about toothpastes that contain baking soda?

If you want the best of both worlds — the polishing power of baking soda and the minty flavor of toothpaste — there are plenty of commercial toothpastes available with baking soda as an ingredient.

Multiple studies show that these toothpastes are better at removing plaque than toothpastes that don’t contain baking soda.

Shop for baking soda whitening toothpastes online.

What else works for teeth whitening?

Products containing hydrogen peroxide whiten your teeth by oxidizing yellow and brown stains on the surface of your teeth. The strongest peroxide products are used in dentist offices, as certain steps need to be taken to protect your tongue and gums from the corrosive effects of the hydrogen peroxide.

Gentler products are available over the counter, but they may take several uses before you see a difference. Here’s a list of the ADA-approved products for whitening your teeth at home.

There’s some evidence that natural remedies like coconut oil, lemon peel, and activated charcoal may be effective teeth whiteners. However, it’s important to talk to your dentist to be sure these treatments are safe for your teeth.

Shop for teeth bleaching products online.

The bottom line

Baking soda is an inexpensive, readily available teeth cleanser. As a mild abrasive, it can lighten some tooth stains, and it can help scrub away dental plaque. However, because it doesn’t contain fluoride, it’s not as effective at preventing cavities as your typical fluoride toothpaste.

Although some people find the salty taste and sandy texture of baking soda unappealing, its availability, pH balance, and mildly abrasive properties make it a good choice for people who want to avoid using a toothpaste that contains fluoride or use it with a toothpaste that has fluoride.

How we reviewed this article:

SourcesHistoryHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Aoun A, et al. (2018). The fluoride debate: The pros and cons of fluoridation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195894/
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Chandel S, et al. (2017). The effect of sodium bicarbonate oral rinse on salivary pH and oral microflora: A prospective cohort study. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fnjms.NJMS_36_17
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Epple M, et al. (2019). A critical review of modern concepts for teeth whitening. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fdj7030079
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Schemehorn BR, et al. (2011). Abrasion, polishing, and stain removal characteristics of various commercial dentifrices in vitro. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49807515_Abrasion_polishing_and_stain_removal_characteristics_of_various_commercial_dentifrices_in_vitro
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Vaz VTP, et al. (2019). Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: Which one is the most effective? DOI: http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0051
Whitford GM. (2011). Acute toxicity of ingested fluoride. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1159/000325146

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Medically reviewed by Jennifer Archibald, DDS — Written by Rebecca Joy Stanborough, MFA on August 24, 2020

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