Base Of The Heart - Wikidoc

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The base of the heart, directed upward, backward, and to the right, is separated from the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth thoracic vertebræ by the esophagus, aorta, and thoracic duct.

It is formed mainly by the left atrium, and, to a small extent, by the back part of the right atrium.

Somewhat quadrilateral in form, it is in relation above with the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery, and is bounded below by the posterior part of the coronary sulcus, containing the coronary sinus.

On the right it is limited by the sulcus terminalis of the right atrium, and on the left by the ligament of the left vena cava and the oblique vein of the left atrium.

The four pulmonary veins, two on either side, open into the left atrium, while the superior vena cava opens into the upper, and the anterior vena cava into the lower, part of the right atrium.

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Anatomy of the heart
General
Surface
  • base
  • apex
  • sulci
    • coronary
    • interatrial
    • anterior interventricular
    • posterior interventricular
  • borders
    • right
    • left
Internal
  • atria
    • interatrial septum
    • pectinate muscles
    • terminal sulcus
  • ventricles
    • interventricular septum
    • trabeculae carneae
    • chordae tendineae
    • papillary muscle
  • valves
  • cusps
  • atrioventricular septum
  • cardiac skeleton
  • intervenous tubercle
Chambers
Right heart
  • (venae cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of inferior vena cava, valve of coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (infundibulum, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula, crista supraventricularis), → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)
Left heart
  • (pulmonary veins) → left atrium (atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)
Layers
Endocardium
  • heart valves
Myocardium
  • Conduction system
    • cardiac pacemaker
    • SA node
    • Bachmann's bundle
    • AV node
    • bundle of His
    • bundle branches
    • Purkinje fibers
Pericardial cavity
  • pericardial sinus
Pericardium
  • fibrous pericardium
    • sternopericardial ligaments
  • serous pericardium
    • epicardium/visceral layer
  • fold of left vena cava
Blood supply
  • Circulatory system
  • Coronary circulation
  • Coronary arteries

Template:WS CME Category::Cardiology

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Base_of_the_heart&oldid=1226063" Categories:
  • Cardiology
  • Anatomy
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