Bleeding To Death: Am I At Risk, And How Can I Stop It? - Healthline

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HealthlineSubscribeBleeding to Death: What Does It Feel Like, How Long Does It Take, and Am I at Risk?

Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH — Written by Kimberly Holland — Updated on July 28, 2018

Common symptoms
Timeline
Overall blood loss
Menstruation
Injuries
If you suspect internal bleeding
How to stop external bleeding
Act quickly
Emergency medical treatment
Takeaway

Is this common?

Each year, about 60,000 Americans die from hemorrhaging, or blood loss, a 2018 review estimates.

Worldwide, that number is almost 2 million. As many as 1.5 million of these deaths are the result of physical trauma.

Although injury is often associated with visible wounds, you can bleed to death (exsanguination) without ever seeing a drop of blood.

Keep reading to learn how to recognize the signs of internal bleeding, how to stop external bleeding until help arrives, what it feels like to go into hemorrhagic shock, and more.

What does it feel like?

Bleeding to death may not be painful, but the initial injury can be.

For example, if you’re injured in a car accident, you may experience great pain from cuts or crush injuries. You may begin bleeding as a result of the injuries. This blood loss may not cause any more pain than the injuries.

However, as blood loss increases, you’ll begin experiencing signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock, or hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening condition. It occurs when your body loses a lot of blood quickly.

Mild symptoms of hemorrhagic shock include:

dizziness
sweating
fatigue
nausea
headache

Symptoms will become more severe as blood loss increases. These symptoms include:

pale skin
cold or clammy skin
rapid heart rate
weak pulse
rapid, shallow breathing
lightheadedness
dizziness
confusion
loss of consciousness

How long does it take?

Bleeding to death can happen very quickly. If the hemorrhaging isn’t stopped, a person can bleed to death in just five minutes. And if their injuries are severe, this timeline may be even shorter.

However, not every person who bleeds to death will die within minutes of the start of bleeding. If you have a clotting problem or a slow internal bleed, for example, it can take days for the blood loss to be severe enough to cause hemorrhagic shock.

How much blood is lost?

The amount of blood you have in your body depends on your age and size. The National Institutes of Health say a 154-pound man has between 5 and 6 liters of blood in his body. A smaller woman might have between 4 and 5 liters in her body.

Hemorrhagic shock begins when you lose about 20 percent, or one-fifth, of your body’s blood or fluid supply. At this point, your heart isn’t able to pump sufficient amounts of blood through your body.

You reach exsanguination when you lose 40 percent of your body’s blood or fluid supply. This condition can be fatal if the bleeding isn’t stopped and treated quickly.

Can your period cause this?

The average woman loses 60 milliliters — about 2 ounces — of blood during her period. Women with heavier periods (menorrhagia) typically lose 80 milliliters (2.7 ounces) of blood.

Although this may seem like a lot, the human body holds more than 1 gallon of blood. Losing a couple of ounces during your menstrual cycle isn’t enough to cause complications or result in exsanguination.

If you’re concerned about blood loss from your menstrual period, see your doctor. They can determine whether your bleeding is consistent with menorrhagia or if your symptoms are tied to another underlying condition.

If a woman has endometriosis, that misplaced tissue can cause heavy blood loss that she cannot see because it is hidden in the abdominal or pelvic area during her menstrual cycle.

Treatment can help reduce bleeding and may make symptoms easier to manage.

What injuries can cause this?

Injuries that can cause you to bleed to death include:

crush injuries from car accidents or a heavy object falling on you
gunshot wounds
stab or puncture wounds from a needle or knife
hematoma (a collection of blood, such as a clot, outside of a blood vessel)
cuts or abrasions to internal organs
cuts or lacerations to the skin
blunt force trauma from impact with an object

Do you always see the blood?

You don’t have to see blood leave your body to bleed to death. Internal bleeding can also be fatal.

Internal bleeding can result from:

a crush injury
blunt force trauma
an abrasion or cut to an internal organ
a torn or ruptured blood vessel
an aneurysm
a damaged organ

Symptoms of internal bleeding aren’t always easy to identify. They often go unnoticed, especially if blood loss is slow.

Seek immediate medical attention if you notice:

blood in urine
blood in stool
black or tarry stool
vomiting blood
chest pain
abdominal swelling
abdominal pain
vomiting blood

What should you do if you have a severe wound?

If you or someone around you is experiencing severe external bleeding, call 911 or your local emergency services right away.

In most cases, emergency services will keep you on the phone until help arrives. They may also advise you on how to minimize the bleeding.

They may ask you to:

Raise or elevate any injured body part, except the head. Don’t move people who have injuries to their legs, back, neck, or head.
Apply medium pressure to the wound with a clean cloth, bandage, piece of clothing, or your hands. Don’t apply pressure to eye injuries.
Lie down — or help the injured person lie down — if possible. If you faint, you’re less likely to develop additional injury because you’re unable to fall.
Do your best to remain calm. If your heart rate and blood pressure rise, the speed of blood loss will increase, too.

When emergency personnel arrive, provide as much information as you can about what happened and what you’ve done to stop the flow of blood from the wound.

If you’re speaking on behalf of someone who’s injured, let first responders know what happened and what you’ve done to provide aid. Also share any additional information that you know about their medical history, including chronic conditions or drug allergies.

What’s the window of time for emergency medical treatment?

The window for treatment and survival falls into three categories: minutes, hours, and days.

More than half of people with traumatic injuries, including hemorrhaging, die within minutes of the accident or injury.

A 2013 review estimates about 30 percent of deaths from traumatic injury occur within the first 24 hours of injury.

It isn’t common, but it’s possible to survive the initial injury yet die as a result days or weeks later. This accounts for 9 percent of trauma-related deaths.

If you’re able to get treatment, your outlook improves. The faster you can receive help, the greater your chance of surviving.

What’s done to bring someone back from external bleed out?

The first lines of treatment focus on stopping the bleeding and preventing additional blood loss. If you’ve lost enough blood, doctors may try to replace some of it with a transfusion or other intravenous (IV) fluid supply. You may also receive additional transfusions later.

Once the bleeding stops, your body will naturally begin to repair shock-related damage and help restore your blood supply.

In many ways, your body is capable of handling the repair from hemorrhagic shock by itself. However, medication and other therapies can help the process along.

Certain medications, for example, can help boost your heart’s pumping power and improve circulation.

Organ damage may not be reversible, so a full recovery may not be possible.

The bottom line

Bleeding to death isn’t common. Not everyone who loses large amounts of blood will die as a result of the blood loss. How well you recover from the injury and blood loss depends largely on how quickly you get medical attention, how much blood loss you experienced, and how severe the damage was.

How we reviewed this article:

SourcesHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Asensio JA, etal. (2003). Managing exsanguination: What we know about damage control/bailoutis not enough.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200784/
Blood. (n.d.).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022037/
Cannon JW. (2018).Hemorrhagic shock. DOI:http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1705649
Gutierrez G,et al. (2004). Clinical review: Hemorrhagic shock. DOI:https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/cc2851
Heavy periods:Overview. (2017).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072478/
Kabaroff A. (2013).Stop the bleeding.http://www.jems.com/articles/2013/11/stop-bleeding.html?c=1
Sobrino J. (2013).Timing and causes of death after injuries.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603725/
Stopthe bleed. (2015).https://www.dhs.gov/stopthebleed

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Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH — Written by Kimberly Holland — Updated on July 28, 2018

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