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• 1 Systematics and evolution
• 2 Behaviour
• 3 List of species
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Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Genus of birds This article is about the seabird. For other uses, see Booby (disambiguation).

BoobyTemporal range: Miocene (Langhian) – recent[1]
Blue-footed booby displaying by raising a foot
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Suliformes
Family:	Sulidae
Genus:	SulaBrisson, 1760
Type species
Pelecanus leucogasterBoddaert, 1783

A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula, part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (Morus), which were formerly included in Sula.

Systematics and evolution

Red-footed booby (Sula sula) Brown booby (Sula leucogaster) Cocos booby (Sula brewsteri) Masked booby (Sula dactylatra) Nazca booby (Sula granti) Blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) Peruvian booby (Sula variegata)

Cladogram showing the species in the genus Sula.[2]

The genus Sula was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.[3] The type species is the brown booby.[4] The name is derived from súla, the Old Norse and Icelandic word for the other member of the family Sulidae, the gannet.[5]

The English name booby may derive from the Spanish slang term bobo, meaning "stupid",[6] as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, including William Bligh of the Bounty and his adherents during their voyage after being set adrift by Fletcher Christian and his followers.[7]

Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called boobies are in the genus Sula, while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus Morus.[8] Abbott's booby was formerly included in Sula but is now placed in a monotypic genus Papasula, which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to Morus. Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered congeneric in Sula. However, they are readily distinguished by means of osteology. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle Miocene (15 mya).[9]

The fossil record of boobies is not as well documented as that of gannets, either because booby speciation was lower from the late Miocene to the Pliocene (when gannet diversity was at its highest), or because the booby fossil species record is as yet incomplete due to most localities being equatorial or in the Southern Hemisphere.

Behaviour

See also: Seabird breeding behavior § Mating dances

Boobies hunt fish by diving from a height into the sea and pursuing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin cushion the impact with the water. Boobies are colonial breeders on islands and coasts. They normally lay one or more chalky-blue eggs on the ground or sometimes in a tree nest. Selective pressures, likely through competition for resource, have shaped the ecomorphology and foraging behaviours of the six species of boobies in the Pacific.[10]

List of species

Genus Sula – Brisson, 1760 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blue-footed booby	Sula nebouxii Milne-Edwards, 1882 Two subspecies S. n. nebouxii Milne-Edwards, 1882 – Pacific coast of Southern and Middle America S. n. excisa Todd, 1948 – Galápagos Islands	Gulf of California down along the western coasts of Central and South America down to Peru	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC  [11]
Brown booby	Sula leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783) Four subspecies S. l. leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783) – Caribbean and Atlantic Islands S. l. plotus (Forster, JR, 1844) – Red Sea through the Indian Ocean to the west and central Pacific	Islands and coasts in the pantropical areas of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC  [12]
Cocos booby	Sula brewsteri Goss, 1888 Four subspecies S. b. brewster Goss, 1888 S. b. etesiaca Thayer & Bangs, 1905 S. b. nesiotes Heller & Snodgrass, 1901	East and Central Pacific	Size: Habitat: Diet:	NE
Masked booby	Sula dactylatra Lesson, 1831 Four subspecies S. d. dactylatra Lesson, 1831 S. d. melanops Hartlaub, 1859 S. d. tasmani van Tets, Meredith, Fullagar & Davidson, 1988 S. d. personata Gould, 1846	islands in tropical oceans	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC  [13]
Nazca booby	Sula granti Rothschild, 1902	Eastern Pacific from the islands in Baja California to the Galapagos islands and the Isla de la Plata in Ecuador and Malpelo in Colombia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC  [14]
Peruvian booby	Sula variegata (Tschudi, 1843)	Peru	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC  [15]
Red-footed booby	Sula sula (Linnaeus, 1766) Three subspecies S. s. sula (Linnaeus, 1766) – Caribbean and southwest Atlantic islands S. s. rubripes Gould, 1838 – tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans S. s. websteri Rothschild, 1898 – eastern central Pacific	Sri Lanka, Christmas Island, eastern central Pacific	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC  [16]

References

1. ^ "Sula Brisson 1760 (booby)". PBDB. Archived from the original on 2021-08-08. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
2. ^ Patterson, S.A.; Morris-Pocock, J.A.; Friesen, V.L (2011). "A multilocus phylogeny of the Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58 (2): 181–191. Bibcode:2011MolPE..58..181P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.021. PMID 21144905.
3. ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1 p. 60, Vol. 6 p.494.
4. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 181. Archived from the original on 2021-08-08. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
5. ^ "Sula, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
6. ^ "booby, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
7. ^ Alexander, Caroline (25 May 2004). The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-200469-2.
8. ^ Friesen, V. L.; Anderson, D. J.; Steeves, T.E.; Jones, H.; Schreiber, E.A. (2002). "Molecular support for species status of the Nazca Booby". The Auk. 119 (3): 820–826. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0820:MSFSSO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 82903466.
9. ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1985). "The Fossil Record of Birds (Section X.G.5.a Sulidae)". In Farner, D.S.; King, D.S.; Parkes, K.C. (eds.). Avian Biology. Vol. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 79–238 [203–204]. hdl:10088/6553. Archived from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
10. ^ van Oordt, F.; Torres-Mura, J. C.; Hertel, F. (2018). "Ecomorphology and foraging behaviour of Pacific boobies". Ibis. 160 (2): 313–326. doi:10.1111/ibi.12545. hdl:20.500.14005/3968.
11. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula nebouxii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696683A132588719. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696683A132588719.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
12. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696698A132590197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696698A132590197.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
13. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula dactylatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22736173A132666363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22736173A132666363.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
14. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22728990A132659882. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728990A132659882.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
15. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696686A132589026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696686A132589026.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
16. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula sula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696694A132589278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696694A132589278.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.

External links

• Media related to Sula at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Booby at Wikispecies

v t e Order: Suliformes (Phalacrocoraciformes)
Frigatebirds (family: Fregatidae · genus: Fregata) Genus Species Fregata Magnificent frigatebird Ascension frigatebird Christmas Island frigatebird Great frigatebird Lesser frigatebird
Gannets and boobies (family: Sulidae) Genus Species Sula Blue-footed booby Brown booby Cocos booby Masked booby Nazca booby Peruvian booby Red-footed booby Papasula Abbott's booby Morus Northern gannet Cape gannet Australasian gannet
Darters (family: Anhingidae · genus Anhinga) Genus Species Anhinga Anhinga Oriental darter African darter Australasian darter
Cormorants (family: Phalacrocoracidae) Genus Species Phalacrocorax Socotra cormorant Bank cormorant Pitt shag Spotted shag Pied cormorant Black-faced cormorant Little black cormorant Indian cormorant Cape cormorant Great cormorant White-breasted cormorant Japanese cormorant (Temminck's cormorant) Microcarbo Crowned cormorant Little cormorant Pygmy cormorant Little pied cormorant Reed cormorant (long-tailed cormorant) Urile Brandt's cormorant Pelagic cormorant Red-faced cormorant †Spectacled cormorant Nannopterum Double-crested cormorant Neotropic cormorant Flightless cormorant Gulosus European shag Poikilocarbo Red-legged cormorant Leucocarbo Rock shag (Magellanic cormorant) Guanay cormorant New Zealand king shag (rough-faced shag) Foveaux shag Otago shag Chatham shag Auckland shag Campbell shag Bounty shag Imperial shag (imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag) Heard Island shag Crozet shag Antarctic shag Kerguelen shag Macquarie shag South Georgia shag

v t e Genera of frigatebirds, boobies, cormorants, anhingas and their extinct allies
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Infraclass: Neognathae Order: Suliformes
Suliformes incertae sedis †Mangystania †Protoplotus Anhingidae Anhinga †Giganhinga †Liptornis †Macranhinga †Meganhinga †"Paranavis" Fregatidae Fregata †Limnofregata Phalacrocoracidae †Borvocarbo Gulosus Leucocarbo †Limicorallus Microcarbo †Nambashag Nannopterum †Nectornis Phalacrocorax †Piscator Poikilocarbo †Praecarbo Urile †Valenticarbo †Plotopteridae Empeirodytes Phocavis Plotopterum Stemec Stenornis †Tonsalinae Copepteryx Hokkaidornis Klallamornis Olympidytes Tonsala Sulidae †Bimbisula †Empheresula †Enkurosula †Eostega †Masillastega †Microsula †Miosula Morus †Paleosula Papasula †Prophalacrocorax †Rhamphastosula †Sarmatosula Sula

Taxon identifiers
Sula	Wikidata: Q612817 Wikispecies: Sula AFD: Sula Avibase: 75A6AC94015E862D BOLD: 4598 CoL: 7Q76 EoL: 45509066 Fauna Europaea: 96609 Fauna Europaea (new): a5daf67e-1c11-4566-94ab-23f41cf5fc8d GBIF: 2480966 iNaturalist: 3785 IRMNG: 1294449 ITIS: 174697 NBN: NHMSYS0000533779 NCBI: 32641 NZOR: 9b87fb12-8102-4109-a626-1d0910fdcd6f Open Tree of Life: 160486 Paleobiology Database: 36639 WoRMS: 137055

Authority control databases
National	United States France BnF data Israel
Other	Yale LUX

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Booby&oldid=1320234525" Categories:

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