Bruise - Wiktionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:bruiseWikipedia

Alternative forms

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• bruize (obsolete)
• brise (obsolete)

Etymology

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From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):

• Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
• Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.

Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).

Pronunciation

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• (UK, US) enPR: bro͞oz, IPA(key): /bɹuːz/, /bɹɪu̯z/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Homophone: brews
• Rhymes: -uːz

Verb

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bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)

1. (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it; to contuse.
   • 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, pages 25–26:It is as I have spoken: the testing first, next the bruising, and in the last bout the breaking and killing.
2. (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
3. (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly. Bananas bruise easily.
4. (intransitive) To become bruised. I bruise easily.
5. (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
   • 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC:Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.
6. (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure somebody's feelings or self-esteem. Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego. I was bruised by such wanton criticism.
7. (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.

Derived terms

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• bruisability
• bruisable
• bruisedness
• bruiser
• bruise up
• bruising
• unbruised

Translations

[edit] strike (a person), giving them a bruise

Arabic: كَدَمَ (kadama) Bulgarian: натъртвам (bg) (natǎrtvam) Catalan: masegar (ca), copejar (ca), maganyar (ca), contusionar (ca) Cornish: brewi Dutch: slaan (nl) Esperanto: kontuzi (eo) Finnish: hakata mustelmille French: contusionner (fr), meurtrir (fr) Irish: ballbhrúigh Italian: creare un livido Māori: kōmeke Norman: meurdri Polish: siniaczyć impf, posiniaczyć (pl) pf Portuguese: magoar (pt), ferir (pt) Romanian: zgâria (ro), învineți (ro) Russian: ушиба́ть (ru) impf (ušibátʹ), ушиби́ть (ru) pf (ušibítʹ) Sanskrit: तृणेढि (sa) (tṛṇeḍhi) Spanish: magullar (es), contusionar (es), moretear (es), macar (es) (disused), mallugar (es)

cause fruit or vegetables to bruise

Bulgarian: натъртвам (bg) (natǎrtvam) Catalan: macar (ca), maganyar (ca) Finnish: kolhia mustelmille French: taler (fr), cotir (fr) Irish: brúigh, meil Māori: kōmeke Russian: мять (ru) impf (mjatʹ), помя́ть (ru) pf (pomjátʹ) Sicilian: cunzari (scn), abbirsari (scn), cappulijari, vunchiari, sunari (scn), mazzulijari Spanish: mazar (es), magullar (es), machacar (es)

of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises

Bulgarian: натъртвам се (natǎrtvam se) Catalan: macar-se (ca) Czech: otlouct se Finnish: saada mustelmia, kolhiintua French: se taler (fr), se cotir (fr), s'abîmer (fr) Irish: éirigh brúite Romanian: se păta Russian: мя́ться (ru) impf (mjátʹsja), помя́ться (ru) pf (pomjátʹsja) Sicilian: appurminàrisi, abbuḍḍàrisi, ammaccàrisi Spanish: macarse (es) (uncommon), estropearse (es), magullarse (es)

to get bruised

Bulgarian: натъртвам се (natǎrtvam se) Catalan: masegar-se, contusionar-se Finnish: saada mustelmia French: se faire un bleu (fr) Greek: μωλωπίζομαι (el) (molopízomai) Irish: éirigh brúite Māori: marū Russian: ушиба́ться (ru) impf (ušibátʹsja), ушиби́ться (ru) pf (ušibítʹsja) Sicilian: appurminàrisi, abbuḍḍàrisi, ammaccàrisi Spanish: magullarse (es), salirse moratones, amoratarse (es)

Noun

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bruise (plural bruises)

1. A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
2. A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

Synonyms

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• (medical): contusion (technical term)
• See also Thesaurus:injury

Hyponyms

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• (medical): ecchymosis, (medical): hematoma, black eye

Derived terms

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• bruiseless
• bruiselike
• bruisewort
• bruisy
• tobruise

Translations

[edit] medical: mark on the skin

Abkhaz: please add this translation if you can Afrikaans: kneusplek, bloukol Arabic: كَدْمَة f (kadma), رَضّ m (raḍḍ) Armenian: կապտուկ (hy) (kaptuk) Avar: please add this translation if you can Azerbaijani: göy (az), göyərti (az), göyənək, qançır Basque: ubeldur, ubelune Belarusian: сіня́к m (sinják) Bulgarian: синка (bg) f (sinka), натъртено място (natǎrteno mjasto) Catalan: blau (ca) m, blaüra (ca) f Cebuano: bun-og Chechen: please add this translation if you can Chinese: Mandarin: 瘀青 (zh) (yūqīng) Cornish: brew m Czech: podlitina f, modřina (cs) f Danish: blåt mærke n, blodudtrædning c Dutch: blauwe plek f Esperanto: kontuzo Finnish: mustelma (fi) French: bleu (fr) m, contusion (fr) f, ecchymose (fr) f, meurtrissure (fr) f Galician: mazadura (gl) f, negrón m, hematoma (gl) m Georgian: დალურჯებული ადგილი (dalurǯebuli adgili) German: Prellung (de) f, Bluterguss (de) m, blauer Fleck m Greek: μώλωπας (el) m (mólopas) Ancient Greek: μώλωψ m (mṓlōps) Hebrew: חַבּוּרָה (he) m (khabura) Hiligaynon: lanog, pal-us Hungarian: horzsolás (hu), zúzódás (hu) Ilocano: sugat Indonesian: bonyok (id) Irish: ball gorm m Italian: livido (it) m Japanese: あざ (ja) (aza) Karachay-Balkar: кюлтюм (kültüm) Khmer: ជាំ (km) (cŏəm), ខ្ទាំសាច់ (khtŏəmsac) Kinaray-a: lanus Korean: 멍 (ko) (meong) Latin: contusio f, līvor m, sūgillātiō f Latvian: zilums (lv) m Macedonian: модринка f (modrinka), модрица f (modrica) Malagasy: manamangana (mg) Malay: lebam Māori: uruhua, marū Mongolian: хөхрүүлэх (xöxrüülex) Norman: êcouocheuse f, meurdrisseûthe f Ossetian: цъӕррӕмыхст (c’ærræmyxst) Polish: siniak (pl) m, siniec (pl) m, stłuczenie (pl) n Portuguese: hematoma (pt) m, roxo (pt) m Romanian: julitură (ro) f, vânătaie (ro) f Russian: ссадина (ru) f (ssadina), синя́к (ru) m (sinják), уши́б (ru) m (ušíb), кровоподтёк (ru) m (krovopodtjók), гемато́ма (ru) f (gematóma) Scottish Gaelic: pronnadh m Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: ма̀сница f, мо̀дрица f Latin: màsnica (sh) f, mòdrica (sh) f Slovak: modrina f, podliatina f, šinka f Slovene: modrica (sl) f Spanish: moratón (es) m (colloquial), moretón (es) m (colloquial), cardenal (es) m, magulladura (es) f, hematoma (es) m, moradura f, magullada (es) f, magullón (es) m, magullamiento (es) m Swahili: chubuko (sw) Swedish: blåmärke (sv) n Tagalog: pasâ Thai: รอยช้ำ, รอยฟกช้ำ Tibetan: སྨུག་ཏིག (smug tig) Turkish: morluk (tr), morartı (tr), çürük (tr) Tuvan: please add this translation if you can Ukrainian: синя́к (uk) m (synják), сине́ць m (synécʹ) Welsh: briw m, clais m

mark on fruit or vegetable

Catalan: macadura f, macadís m, Dutch: rotte plek, beurze plek Finnish: mustelma (fi) French: (rare) talure (fr) f, cotissure (fr) f, meurtrissure (fr) f Galician: mazadura (gl) f, negrón m German: Druckstelle (de) f Hungarian: ütődés (hu) Irish: brú m Italian: ammaccatura (it) f Korean: 멍 (ko) (meong) Polish: obicie (pl) n Romanian: pată (ro) f Russian: поби́тость f (pobítostʹ), помя́тость (ru) f (pomjátostʹ), подби́тость f (podbítostʹ) Scottish Gaelic: pronnadh m Spanish: maca (es) f (uncommon), magullamiento (es) m (Latin America) Swedish: fläck (sv) c Thai: รอยช้ำ

Anagrams

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• Uribes, buries, busier, rubies

Dutch

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Verb

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bruise

1. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of bruisen

Irish

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Noun

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bruise f sg

1. genitive singular of bruis (“brush; pubic hair”)

Mutation

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radical	lenition	eclipsis
bruise	bhruise	mbruise

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bruise”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN