Brussels Sprouts | Plant - Encyclopedia Britannica

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• The Spruce - How to Grow and Care for Brussels Sprouts
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• Verywell Fit - Brussels Sprouts Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits

Ask Anything Also known as: Brassica oleracea, variety gemmifera Written and fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Britannica Editors Last updated Feb. 3, 2026 •History Contents Ask Anything

Brussels sprouts, (Brassica oleracea, variety gemmifera), form of cabbage, belonging to the mustard family Brassicaceae, widely grown in Europe and North America for its edible buds called “sprouts.” Brussels sprouts may have been grown in Belgium as early as 1200, but the first recorded description of it dates to 1587. Brussels sprouts usually are eaten cooked, and the small young sprouts have a more delicate flavour than older ones. The vegetable is a good source of dietary fibre, folic acid, manganese, and vitamins A, C, and K.

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In its seedling stage and early development, the plant closely resembles the common cabbage, but the main stem grows to a height of 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 feet), and the axillary buds along the stem develop into small heads (sprouts) similar to heads of cabbage but measuring only 25 to 40 mm (1 to 1.6 inches) in diameter. Most varieties have green sprouts, but red-leaved varieties have also been developed. Though commonly grown as annuals, Brussels sprouts are biennial plants and will produce yellow flowers with four petals if kept for two seasons. Seeds are borne in silique fruits. The plant requires a mild cool climate and is harmed by hot weather.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.