Chemistry Of Lithium (Z=3)

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Properties

Lithium is the lightest of all metals and is named from the Greek work for stone (lithos). It is the first member of the Alkali Metal family. It is less dense than water (with which it reacts) and forms a black oxide in contact with air.

Table 1. Properties of lithium.
Atomic Number 3
Atomic Mass 6.941 g/mol
Atomic Radius 152 pm
Density 0.534 g/cm3
Color light silver
Melting point 453.69 K
Boiling point 1615 K
Heat of fusion 3.00 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization 147.1 kJ/mol
Specific heat capacity 24.860 kJ/mol
First ionization energy 520.2 kJ/mol
Oxidation states +1, -1
Electronegativity 0.98
Crystal structure body-centered cubic
Magnetism paramagnetic
2 stable isotopes 6Li (7.5%) and 7Li (92.5%)

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