Chicago - Wiktionary

English

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Etymology

[edit] Etymology treeFrench Chécagoubor.English Chicago

From French Chécagou, a transcription of Miami šikaakwa (“wild leek, ramp, Allium tricoccum; striped skunk”), from Proto-Algonquian *šeka·kwa; compare Ojibwe zhigaagawanzh / zhigaagawinzh (“onion, leek”), zhigaag (“striped skunk”). Doublet of skunk.

Pronunciation

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• (UK) IPA(key): /ʃɪˈkɑː.ɡəʊ/
• (US) IPA(key): /ʃɪˈkɑ.ɡoʊ/, /ʃɪˈkɔ.ɡoʊ/[1]
  • (Chicago) IPA(key): /ʃəˈkɑː.ɡo/[2][3], /ʃəˈkɔː.ɡo/[4]
• (Canada) IPA(key): [ʃɪˈkä(ː).ɡo]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Proper noun

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Chicago

1. A large city, the county seat of Cook County, in northeastern Illinois, United States, located on Lake Michigan. Synonyms: (slang) Chi, (US, slang) Chiraq, (informal) Chi-Town, (US, informal) Hogtown, (vulgar, derogatory) Shitcago, (informal) The Windy City
   • 1953 September 18, Saul Bellow, The Adventures of Augie March […], New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press, →OCLC, page 3:I am an American, Chicago born—Chicago, that somber city—and go at things as I have taught myself, free-style, and will make the record in my own way: first to knock, first admitted; sometimes an innocent knock, sometimes a not so innocent.
   • 2014, Norm Macdonald Live, season 2, episode 7, Norm Macdonald (actor):Chicago is now #1 in murder and sausages. That sounds like my kind of town!
   • 2025 January 26, Priscilla Alvarez, Rosa Flores, “Trump administration launches nationwide immigration enforcement blitz”, in CNN‎[5], archived from the original on 9 March 2025:Homan, who was on the ground in Chicago, maintained it was a “criminal operation.” Acting Deputy Attorney General Emil Bove was also in Chicago on Sunday to observe immigration enforcement operations.

Usage notes

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• In Chicago-related contexts, the word Chicago is often used to refer to certain attributes conventionally associated with the city, such as being tough and hearty, bustling and diverse, or ruthless and corrupt.[5][6][7]

Derived terms

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• Chi
• Chicagoan
• Chicago atomizer
• Chicago blues
• Chicago Boy
• Chicago dog
• Chicagoese
• Chicagoesque
• Chicago Heights
• Chicagoland
• Chicago lightning
• Chicago overcoat
• Chicago piano
• Chicago pizza
• Chicago principles
• Chicago Protocol
• Chicagorilla
• Chicago school
• Chicago screw
• Chicago style
• Chicago-style
• Chicago-style hot dog
• Chicago style pizza
• Chicago-style relish
• Chicago typewriter
• Chicongo
• Chimpcago
• Chimpcongo
• Chiraq
• Chisox
• Chi-Town
• East Chicago
• North Chicago
• Port Chicago
• Shitcago
• South Chicago

Translations

[edit] large US city

Afrikaans: Chicago Arabic: شِيكَاغُو f (šīkāḡū) Hijazi Arabic: شكاقو f (šikāgu), شيكاقو f (šīkāgu) Aramaic: ܫܝܩܓܘ Armenian: Չիկագո (Čʻikago) Azerbaijani: Çikaqo Belarusian: Чыка́га m (Čykáha) Bengali: শিকাগো (śikagō) Bulgarian: Чика́го n (Čikágo) Burmese: ရှီကာဂို (hrikagui) Cherokee: ᏏᎧᎪ (sikago) Chinese: Cantonese: 芝加哥 (zi1 gaa1 go1) Hokkien: 芝加哥 (Chi-ka-ko) Mandarin: 芝加哥 (zh) (Zhījiāgē) Czech: Chicago (cs) n Dutch: Chicago (nl) Esperanto: Ĉikago, Ŝikago Farefare: Sikago Fijian: Sikako Finnish: Chicago (fi) French: Chicago (fr) f Galician: Chicago (gl) m Georgian: ჩიკაგო (čiḳago) German: Chicago (de) n, (dated) Chikago n Greek: Σικάγο (el) n (Sikágo) Hebrew: שיקגו (he) (Shiqago) Hindi: शिकागो (śikāgo) Indonesian: Chicago Irish: Chicago, Siceagó Italian: Chicago (it) f Japanese: シカゴ (Shikago) Korean: 시카고 (ko) (sikago) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: شیکاگۆ (şîkago) Latin: Sicagum Latvian: Čikāga f Lithuanian: Čikaga f Luhya: Chicago Macedonian: Чика́го n (Čikágo) Malay: Chicago Malayalam: ഷിക്കാഗോ (ṣikkāgō) Marathi: शिकागो (śikāgo) Marshallese: Jikako Navajo: Shikááʼgóó Occitan: Chicago Ojibwe: Gaa-zhigaagowanzhigokaag, Zhigaagong Persian: شیکاگو (šikâgo) Polish: Chicago (pl) n Portuguese: Chicago f Potawatomi: Éshegago Punjabi: ਸ਼ਿਕਾਗੋ (śikāgo) Russian: Чика́го (ru) m (Čikágo) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: Чика̑го m Latin: Čikȃgo (sh) m Sicilian: Chicagu f Somali: Chicago, Shikaago Spanish: Chicago (es) f Swahili: chichago (sw) Swedish: Chicago n Tamil: சிகாகோ (cikākō) Tatar: Chicago Telugu: చికాగో (cikāgō) Thai: ชิคาโก (chíkaagoh) Turkish: Şikago, Chicago Turkmen: Çikago Ukrainian: Чика́го (uk) (Čykáho), Чика́ґо (Čykágo) Urdu: شکاگو (śikāgo) Uzbek: Chikago Vietnamese: Si-ca-gô Yiddish: שיקאַגאָ (shikago), שיקאַגע f (shikage) Yoruba: Ṣìkágò

References

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1. ^ Krapp, George Philip (1925), The English Language in America‎[1], volume II, New York: Century Co. for the Modern Language Association of America, →OCLC, page 49.
2. ^ “Dialects Of Illinois, Chicago samples 3 and 6”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[2], 21 August 2012 (last accessed), archived from the original on 21 August 2012
3. ^ Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel's pronunciation of the city's name
4. ^ Chicago Mayor Richard Daley's pronunciation of the city's name
5. ^ “Welcome Back, Amphitheatre”, in Chicago Tribune, 7 December 1987, page 20: “And, in a uniquely Chicago way, it was host for a perpetual, cosmopolitan feast of sights, sounds and smells.”
6. ^ Vincent M. Lizzo (22 April 1994), “City of Rain”, in Chicago Reader‎[3]: “Some of our real police-type deputies set up a deal on him and took him down in just two days. A very Chicago kind of crime, complete with a moral: the police don't tolerate outsiders messing on their turf.”
7. ^ Elizabeth Canning Blackwell (2004), Frommer's Portable Chicago‎[4], 4th edition, →ISBN, page 81: “Heavy, filling and very Chicago, Mr. Beef really hops during lunchtime, when dusty construction workers and suit-wearing businessmen crowd in for their meaty fix.”

Further reading

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• Chicago on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Fort Chécagou on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): (Central) [ʃiˈka.ɣu]
• IPA(key): (Balearic) [ʃiˈka.ɣo]
• IPA(key): (Valencia) [t͡ʃiˈka.ɣo]

Proper noun

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Chicago m

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

Czech

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Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): [ˈʃɪkaːɡo]
• IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃɪkaːɡo]
• Rhymes: -aːɡo

Proper noun

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Chicago n (relational adjective chicagský)

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

Declension

[edit] Declension of Chicago (sg-only velar neuter)

singular
nominative	Chicago
genitive	Chicaga
dative	Chicagu
accusative	Chicago
vocative	Chicago
locative	Chicagu
instrumental	Chicagem

Further reading

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• “Chicago”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
• “Chicago”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

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Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:ChicagoWikipedia nl

Etymology

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Borrowed from English Chicago.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ˌʃiˈkaː.ɡoː/, /ˌtʃiˈkaː.ɡoː/
• Hyphenation: Chi‧ca‧go

Proper noun

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Chicago n

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

Finnish

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Etymology

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From English Chicago.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ˈʃikɑɡo/, [ˈʃikɑ̝ɡo̞]
• Rhymes: -ʃikɑɡo

Proper noun

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Chicago

1. Chicago (US metropolis)

Declension

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Inflection of Chicago (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		Chicago	—
genitive		Chicagon	—
partitive		Chicagoa	—
illative		Chicagoon	—
singular	plural
nominative		Chicago	—
accusative	nom.	Chicago	—
	gen.	Chicagon
genitive		Chicagon	—
partitive		Chicagoa	—
inessive		Chicagossa	—
elative		Chicagosta	—
illative		Chicagoon	—
adessive		Chicagolla	—
ablative		Chicagolta	—
allative		Chicagolle	—
essive		Chicagona	—
translative		Chicagoksi	—
abessive		Chicagotta	—
instructive		—	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Chicago (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Chicagoni — accusative nom. Chicagoni — gen. Chicagoni genitive Chicagoni — partitive Chicagoani — inessive Chicagossani — elative Chicagostani — illative Chicagooni — adessive Chicagollani — ablative Chicagoltani — allative Chicagolleni — essive Chicagonani — translative Chicagokseni — abessive Chicagottani — instructive — — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Chicagosi — accusative nom. Chicagosi — gen. Chicagosi genitive Chicagosi — partitive Chicagoasi — inessive Chicagossasi — elative Chicagostasi — illative Chicagoosi — adessive Chicagollasi — ablative Chicagoltasi — allative Chicagollesi — essive Chicagonasi — translative Chicagoksesi — abessive Chicagottasi — instructive — — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Chicagomme — accusative nom. Chicagomme — gen. Chicagomme genitive Chicagomme — partitive Chicagoamme — inessive Chicagossamme — elative Chicagostamme — illative Chicagoomme — adessive Chicagollamme — ablative Chicagoltamme — allative Chicagollemme — essive Chicagonamme — translative Chicagoksemme — abessive Chicagottamme — instructive — — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Chicagonne — accusative nom. Chicagonne — gen. Chicagonne genitive Chicagonne — partitive Chicagoanne — inessive Chicagossanne — elative Chicagostanne — illative Chicagoonne — adessive Chicagollanne — ablative Chicagoltanne — allative Chicagollenne — essive Chicagonanne — translative Chicagoksenne — abessive Chicagottanne — instructive — — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Chicagonsa — accusative nom. Chicagonsa — gen. Chicagonsa genitive Chicagonsa — partitive ChicagoaanChicagoansa — inessive ChicagossaanChicagossansa — elative ChicagostaanChicagostansa — illative Chicagoonsa — adessive ChicagollaanChicagollansa — ablative ChicagoltaanChicagoltansa — allative ChicagolleenChicagollensa — essive ChicagonaanChicagonansa — translative ChicagokseenChicagoksensa — abessive ChicagottaanChicagottansa — instructive — — comitative — —

French

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French Wikipedia has an article on:ChicagoWikipedia fr

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ʃi.ka.ɡo/

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (Canada (Shawinigan)):

  (file)

Proper noun

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Chicago f

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

German

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Alternative forms

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• Chikago

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ʃiˈkaːɡo/, (by hypercorrection also) /tʃiˈkaːɡo/

Proper noun

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Chicago n (proper noun, genitive Chicagos or (optionally with an article) Chicago)

1. Chicago (a major city in Illinois, United States)

Hungarian

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 Chicago on Hungarian Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃikaːɡoː]
• Hyphenation: Chi‧ca‧go
• Rhymes: -ɡoː

Proper noun

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Chicago

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

Declension

[edit] Inflection of Chicago

singular	plural
nominative	Chicago	—
accusative	Chicagót	—
dative	Chicagónak	—
instrumental	Chicagóval	—
causal-final	Chicagóért	—
translative	Chicagóvá	—
terminative	Chicagóig	—
essive-formal	Chicagóként	—
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	Chicagóban	—
superessive	Chicagón	—
adessive	Chicagónál	—
illative	Chicagóba	—
sublative	Chicagóra	—
allative	Chicagóhoz	—
elative	Chicagóból	—
delative	Chicagóról	—
ablative	Chicagótól	—
non-attributivepossessive – singular	Chicagóé	—
non-attributivepossessive – plural	Chicagóéi	—

Possessive forms of Chicago

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	Chicagóm	—
2nd person sing.	Chicagód	—
3rd person sing.	Chicagója	—
1st person plural	Chicagónk	—
2nd person plural	Chicagótok	—
3rd person plural	Chicagójuk	—

Derived terms

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• chicagói

Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:ChicagoWikipedia it

Etymology

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Borrowed from English, from Miami šikaakwa (“wild leek, ramp; striped skunk”), via the French transcription Chécagou.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /t͡ʃiˈka.ɡo/, (careful style) */ʃiˈka.ɡo/[1]
• Rhymes: -aɡo
• Hyphenation: Chi‧cà‧go

Proper noun

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Chicago f

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois)

References

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1. ^ Chicago in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English Chicago.

Pronunciation

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• (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʃiˈka.ɡu/

• (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʃiˈka.ɡu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ʃiˈka.ɡo/

 

• (Portugal) IPA(key): /ʃiˈka.ɡu/ [ʃiˈka.ɣu]

• (Portugal) IPA(key): /ʃiˈka.ɡu/ [ʃiˈka.ɣu]
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /t͡ʃiˈka.ɡu/ [t͡ʃiˈka.ɣu]

• Rhymes: -aɡu
• Hyphenation: Chi‧ca‧go

Proper noun

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Chicago ?

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

Slovak

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Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:ChicagoWikipedia sk

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ʃikaːɡɔ/, [ˈʃikaːɡɔ]
• Rhymes: -aːɡɔ

Proper noun

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Chicago n (genitive singular Chicaga, declension pattern of mesto)

1. Chicago (a city in Illinois, United States)

References

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• “Chicago”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Spanish

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Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:ChicagoWikipedia es

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /t͡ʃiˈkaɡo/ [t͡ʃiˈka.ɣ̞o]
• IPA(key): (less common, imitating English pronunciation) /ʃiˈkaɡo/ [ʃiˈka.ɣ̞o]
• Rhymes: -aɡo
• Syllabification: Chi‧ca‧go

Proper noun

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Chicago ?

1. Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)

Derived terms

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• chicaguense

Tatar

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Proper noun

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Chicago

1. nonstandard spelling of Çikago (“Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)”)
   • 2005 March 2, “AQŞ mäxkämäse: xökümät terrorda şiklänelgän keşene qanunsız räweştä törmädä tota”, in Azatlıq radiosı‎[6]:Ä Padilla Chicago hava mäydanına kilep töşkäç qulğa alınğan ide.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
   • 2005 March 18, “Kürenekle uyğır dissidentı Rabiğä Qadıyr Quşma Ştatlarğa kilde”, in Azatlıq radiosı‎[7]:Comğağa qarşı töndä Qıtaydan ğailäse yäşägän Chicago şähärenä yul totqanda, […](please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

[edit] Declension of Chicago

nominative	Chicago
genitive	Chicagonıñ
dative	Chicagoga
accusative	Chicagonı
locative	Chicagoda
ablative	Chicagodan