Clear Or Seal Your Record? Expunctions Vs. Nondisclosures In Texas

Expunctions (sometimes called expungements) can permanently remove entries from an adult criminal history record. Nondisclosure is when the court "seals" certain offenses from public disclosure.

Page Sections

• What’s the difference between expunction and nondisclosure?
• Will a deferred adjudication stay on my record?
• How do I file for expunction?
• How do I file for nondisclosure?
• What is the effect of nondisclosure?
• Why might I not be able to expunge or seal my record?
• How long do I have to wait to expunge or seal my record?
• Expunction, Nondisclosure, and Immigration

What’s the difference between expunction and nondisclosure?

Both are procedures used to clean up adult criminal history records, which can impact job searches, professional licenses, and credit scores. Laws differ by state.

• In Texas, an expunction can permanently remove entries from an adult criminal history record—but it is very limited.
• Nondisclosure (sealing) hides certain offenses from public disclosure, but they are still visible to criminal justice agencies, licensing agencies, and certain government entities.

Eligibility depends on the type of offense and type of community supervision. Texas has two types of community supervision: deferred adjudication and regular community supervision (probation). Offenses ending in conviction or regular community supervision are never eligible for expunction but may be eligible for nondisclosure.

• How to Ask for a Nondisclosure Order has forms and instructions for nondisclosure orders.
• The Expunction Guide has forms and Instructions for expunctions.
• You can use the Fresh Start app to help you decide if you qualify for an expunction or nondisclosure order.

Will a deferred adjudication stay on my record?

Yes. At the end of deferred adjudication, the court will dismiss the charges without a conviction. However, the offense and sentence of deferred adjudication stays on your record and can show up in public and private background searches.

Expunction

In Texas, expunction applies to:

• Class C misdemeanors resulting in deferred adjudication, or
• Offenses not resulting in conviction regardless of level, where charges were not filed, charges were dismissed, or the person was acquitted or pardoned.

Even if there were no charges, there is a minimum waiting period before filing an application for expunction:

• Class C misdemeanors: 180 days
• Class A and B misdemeanors: One year
• Felonies: Three years

If charges were brought, the statute of limitations must expire for every crime for which you were arrested (not just those you were charged with).

How do I file for expunction?

File the Application for Expunction in the arresting county, along with a fingerprint card from the Department of Public Safety. The clerk will notify DPS and set a court hearing no earlier than 30 days from the filing date.

For a free expunction packet with forms, see our Expunction Toolkit.

Effect of Expunction: An Order of Expunction removes the entry from your criminal record. You are not required to mention it on job applications or anywhere else.

How do I file for nondisclosure?

There are two methods of nondisclosure in Texas:

1. Automatic nondisclosure for first-time misdemeanors: Automatic nondisclosure applies only to (1) first-time misdemeanors (other than traffic fines) (2) dismissed and discharged after August 31, 2017. If you meet all legal requirements, the judge must order nondisclosure once six months have passed after the date you were placed on deferred adjudication. You should not have to file anything.In practice, though, you often have to remind the court to take this step. If you are eligible to automatically seal your record, you can use these instructions for filing under 411.072 to ask the court to do so.
2. Nondisclosure with petition:A petition is required for all eligible offenses that don’t qualify for an automatic order. See How to Ask for a Nondisclosure Order for forms and instructions.

What is the effect of nondisclosure?

A nondisclosure order means that government agencies may not inform unauthorized entities about your offense. Also, you are not required to disclose the offense information on job applications or anywhere else. However, the offense stays on your record and is visible to law enforcement and other government entities.

Why might I not be able to expunge or seal my record?

Expunction:

You cannot expunge any conviction. You can only expunge deferred adjudication for Class C misdemeanors. Class C misdemeanors are the lowest level of non-traffic offenses and never result in jail time.

Nondisclosure Orders:

You are not eligible for a nondisclosure order if you have ever been convicted or placed on deferred adjudication for any of the following:

• An offense requiring registration as a sex offender under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure .

• Any offense involving family violence, as defined by Texas Family Code 71.004.

• An offense under any of the following Texas Penal Code sections:

  • 20.04 (aggravated kidnapping)

  • 19.02 (murder)

  • 19.03 (capital murder)

  • 20A.02 (trafficking of persons)

  • 20A.03 (continuous trafficking of persons)

  • 22.04 (injury to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual)

  • 22.041 (abandoning or endangering a child)

  • 25.07 (violation of court orders or conditions of bond in a family violence, sexual assault or abuse, stalking, or trafficking case)

  • 25.072 (repeated violation of certain court orders or conditions of bond in family violence, sexual assault or abuse, stalking, or trafficking case)

  • 42.072 (stalking).

Remember that these restrictions apply to your entire criminal history, including the offense you want to seal. You are never eligible to receive an order of nondisclosure for any offenseif you have ever been convicted of or put on deferred adjudication for one of the above crimes.

See Nondisclosure Orders and Sealing Your Criminal Record in Texas for more information.

How long do I have to wait to expunge or seal my record?

The waiting period starts when you complete your sentence or your deferred adjudication.

Expunction:

If there was an arrest that did not result in charges:

• Class C misdemeanor: 180 days
• Class A and B misdemeanors: 1 year
• All felonies: 3 years

However, you may want to wait until the statute of limitations has expired for the offense. Otherwise, the prosecutor has the option to keep your records on file.

If charges were brought against you, the statute of limitation must have expired on all offenses arising from your arrest, unless you successfully completed a pretrial diversion program. Note that the statute of limitations is paused from the time you are charged until your case is resolved.

Nondisclosures:

The waiting period depends on the offense you want to seal.

• For most misdemeanors, you are eligible immediately or soon after you complete your sentence or deferred adjudication.
• You must wait two years for Chapter 20, 21, 22, 25, 42, 43, and 46 misdemeanors.
• You must wait five years for felonies.
• You must wait two to five years for DWIs, depending on whether it is a felony DWI and whether you had put a breathalyzer in your car.

Expunction, Nondisclosure, and Immigration

If you have a criminal record, like an arrest, you must list it on every immigration form and tell immigration officials—even if you received an expunction or nondisclosure order.

See Expunctions, Nondisclosures, and Immigration Law.

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Related Guides

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• Criminal Law: Limited Information Available

  This article provides basic information about Texas criminal law. Read More

• Nondisclosure Orders and Sealing Your Criminal Record in Texas

  Information on the different ways to seal your criminal record in Texas. Read More

Related Forms

Topics

• Adult Criminal Records
• Criminal Records & Traffic
• Nondisclosures
• Individual Rights
• Prisoner & Ex-Offender Resources
• Expunctions