Cobalt Sulfide - Wikipedia

Cobalt sulfide

Identifiers
CAS Number	CoS: 1317-42-6 Y
3D model (JSmol)	CoS: Interactive image
ChemSpider	CoS: 140220
EC Number	CoS: 215-273-3
PubChem CID	CoS: 14832
RTECS number	CoS: GG332500
UNII	CoS: INZ5E36Y1V Y
InChI InChI=1S/Co.SKey: VRRFSFYSLSPWQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES CoS: S=[Co]
Properties
Chemical formula	CoxSy
Molar mass	90.9982 g/mol
Appearance	black solid (alpha) grayish-red crystals (beta)
Density	5.45 g/cm3
Melting point	1195 °C
Solubility in water	0.00038 g/100 mL (18 °C)
Solubility	slightly soluble in acid
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+225.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	octahedral (beta)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Cobalt sulfide is the name for chemical compounds with a formula CoxSy. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formulas CoS, CoS2, Co3S4, and Co9S8. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric.[1]

Minerals and hydrometallurgy

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Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the cattierite (CoS2) and linnaeite (Co3S4). CoS2 (see image in table) is isostructural with iron pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. Co2+S22−. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the spinel motif.[2] The Co9S8 compound is known as a very rare cobaltpentlandite (the Co analogue of pentlandite).[3] Mixed metal sulfide minerals include carrollite (CuCo2S4) and siegenite (Co3−xNixS4).

CoS is known as jaipurite. However, this species is questionable.[4][5]

Cobalt sulfide minerals are converted to cobalt via roasting and extraction into aqueous acid. In some processes, cobalt salts are purified by precipitation when aqueous solutions of cobalt(II) ions are treated with hydrogen sulfide. Not only is this reaction useful in the purification of cobalt from its ores, but also in qualitative inorganic analysis.[1]

Applications and research

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In combination with molybdenum, the sulfides of cobalt are used as catalysts for the industrial process called hydrodesulfurization, which is implemented on a large scale in refineries. Synthetic cobalt sulfides are widely investigated as electrocatalysts.[6]

Selected literature

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• Congiu, M.; Albano, L. G. S.; Decker, F.; Graeff, C. F. O. (2015-01-01). "Single precursor route to efficient cobalt sulphide counter electrodes for Dye-sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 151: 517–524. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.001.
• Huo, Jinghao; Zheng, Min; Tu, Yongguang; Wu, Jihuai; Hu, Linhua; Dai, Songyuan (2015-03-20). "A high performance cobalt sulfide counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 159: 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.214.
• Congiu, M.; Albano, L. G. S.; Decker, F.; Graeff, C. F. O. (2015-01-01). "Single precursor route to efficient cobalt sulphide counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 151: 517–524. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.001.
• Congiu, Mirko; Lanuti, Alessandro; di Carlo, Aldo; Graeff, Carlos F. O. (2015-12-01). "A novel and large area suitable water-based ink for the deposition of cobalt sulfide films for solar energy conversion with iodine-free electrolytes". Solar Energy. 122: 87–96. Bibcode:2015SoEn..122...87C. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.08.032. hdl:11449/177482.
• Lin, Jeng-Yu; Liao, Jen-Hung; Wei, Tzu-Chien (2011-04-01). "Honeycomb-like CoS Counter Electrodes for Transparent Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters. 14 (4): D41 – D44. doi:10.1149/1.3533917. ISSN 1099-0062.
• Lin, Jeng-Yu; Liao, Jen-Hung; Chou, Shu-Wei (2011-10-01). "Cathodic electrodeposition of highly porous cobalt sulfide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 56 (24): 8818–8826. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.080.
• Congiu, Mirko; Bonomo, Matteo; Marco, Maria Letizia De; Dowling, Denis P.; Di Carlo, Aldo; Dini, Danilo; Graeff, Carlos F. O. (2016-07-16). "Cobalt Sulfide as Counter Electrode in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". ChemistrySelect. 1 (11): 2808–2815. doi:10.1002/slct.201600297. ISSN 2365-6549.
• Nattestad, Andrew; Ferguson, Michael; Kerr, Robert; Cheng, Yi-Bing; Bach, Udo (2008). "Dye-sensitized nickel(II)oxide photocathodes for tandem solar cell applications". Nanotechnology. 19 (29) 295304. Bibcode:2008Nanot..19C5304N. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/29/295304. PMID 21730603. S2CID 30601690. [permanent dead link]

References

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1. ^ a b John D. Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2
2. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.
3. ^ "Home". mindat.org.
4. ^ "Jaipurite".
5. ^ "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.
6. ^ Mathew, Simon; Yella, Aswani; Gao, Peng; Humphry-Baker, Robin; Curchod, Basile F. E.; Ashari-Astani, Negar; Tavernelli, Ivano; Rothlisberger, Ursula; Nazeeruddin, Md. Khaja (2014). "Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers". Nature Chemistry. 6 (3): 242–247. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..242M. doi:10.1038/nchem.1861. PMID 24557140.

• Cobalt sulfide, NIST Webbook

v t e Cobalt compounds
Cobalt(I)	HCo(CO)2
Cobalt(II)	Co(N3)2 CoBr2 Co(CN)2 CoCO3 CoC2O4 CoCl2 Co(ClO3)2 Co(ClO4)2 CoF2 Co(HCO2)2 CoI2 Co(NO3)2 Co3(PO4)2 Co(OAc)2 CoGeO3 CoO Co(OH)2 CoS Co(OCN)2 Co(SCN)2 CoSO4 CoSe Co3P2 CoH2 Co(C3H6O3)2 CoC24H48O4 CoC36H70O4
Cobalt(0,III)	CoSi CoGe
Cobalt(II,III)	Co3O4
Cobalt(III)	CoCl3 Co(NO3)3 Co2O3 CoF3 Co(OH)3 LiCoO2
Cobalt(III,IV)	NaxCoO2
Cobalt(IV)	CoF4 Cs2CoF6 CoC28H44
Cobalt(V)	Na3CoO4

v t e Sulfides (S2−)

H2S He Li2S BeS B2S3+BO3 CS2COS (NH4)SH O F Ne Na2S MgS Al2S3 SiSSiS2-Si PxSy-P -S2−2 Cl Ar K2S CaS ScSSc2S3 TiSTiS2Ti2S3 VSVS2V2S3 CrSCr2S3 MnSMnS2 FeSFe3S4 CoxSy NixSy Cu2SCuS ZnS GaSGa2S3 GeSGeS2-Ge As2S3As2S5As4S3-As SeS2+Se Br Kr Rb2S SrS Y2S3 ZrS2 NbS2 MoS2 TcS2Tc2S7 Ru Rh2S3 PdS Ag2S CdS In2S3 SnSSnS2-Sn Sb2S3Sb2S5-Sb TeS2 I Xe Cs2S BaS * LuSLu2S3 HfS2 TaS2 WS2WS3 ReS2Re2S7 OsS4 Ir2S3IrS2 PtSPtS2 Au2SAu2S3 HgS Tl2S PbSPbS2 Bi2S3 PoS At Rn Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og   * LaSLa2S3 CeSCe2S3 PrSPr2S3 NdSNd2S3 PmSPm2S3 SmSSm2S3 EuSEu2S3 GdSGd2S3 TbSTb2S3 DySDy2S3 HoSHo2S3 ErSEr2S3 TmSTm2S3 YbSYb2S3 ** Ac2S3 ThSTh2S3Th7S12ThS2 PaS2 USU2S3U3S5US2 NpSNp2S3Np3S5NpS2 PuSPu2S3 AmSAm2S3 CmSCm2S3 Bk2S3 Cf2S3 Es Fm Md No

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