Curling | History, Rules, & Facts - Britannica

Rules and equipment

Each player delivers two stones alternately with the opponent beginning with the lead of each team and ending with the skip, who is also the team captain. One point is awarded for each stone that comes to rest nearer the tee than does any rival stone. A team can score up to eight points with the 16 stones delivered in an end, or inning, unless no stone is in the house or the nearest opposing stones are equidistant, in which case there is no score. Blocking and knocking out an opponent’s stones are important strategies of the sport. The usual number of ends in a match is 8 to 12. In international competition a match always consists of 10 ends; ties are broken by the addition of extra ends until a winner emerges. Mixed doubles matches consist of 8 ends.

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A distinctive part of the game is the use of a brush, or broom, to sweep the ice in front of the sliding stone. This is a tradition carried over from the days when curling was played outdoors on frozen lakes; it was necessary to clear the snow to provide a path for the oncoming rock. Sweeping is still used today on indoor rinks because it both removes stray ice particles and smooths the surface of the ice, thus assuring the stone a longer ride. The broom is also used by the curler for balance during delivery of the stone and by the skip to indicate where the curler should aim. The ice is meticulously groomed to keep it completely level. Prior to competition, a mist of water is applied to the ice to create a pebbled surface that helps guide the stones.

The rink is approximately 42.1 meters (138 feet) long and 4.2 meters (14 feet) wide, though measurements may vary. The houses are 3.6 meters (12 feet) in diameter, and their centers are 34.7 meters (114 feet) from each other. A scorable stone must come to a rest between the hog line (located 6.4 meters [21 feet] before the tee) and the back line (which runs across the back of the house). The hack, a rubber block used by the curler to get a push, is located behind the back line. The stone weighs an average of 18.1 kg (40 pounds) and cannot exceed 19.9 kg (44 pounds); its circumference cannot be more than 91.4 cm (36 inches), and its minimum height is 11.4 cm (4.5 inches). Virtually all curling stones are made from an especially dense granite that is sourced from Ailsa Craig, an uninhabited island off the southwest coast of Scotland.