Delhi | History, Population, Map, & Facts - Encyclopedia Britannica

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New Delhi: All India War Memorial arch
New Delhi: All India War Memorial archAll India War Memorial arch (1931; commonly called India Gate), New Delhi; designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.(more)

Delhi, city and national capital, and union territory, north-central India. The city of Delhi actually consists of two components: Old Delhi, in the north, the historic city; and New Delhi, in the south, since 1947 the capital of India, built in the first part of the 20th century as the capital of British India.

Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Jaipur Column
Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Jaipur ColumnThe Jaipur Column, in front of the east face of Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The column, like the presidential residence as a whole, was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. The column was sponsored by Maharaja Madho Singh of Jaipur, the ruler of the princely state of Jaipur, as a token of allegiance to the British crown.(more)

One of the country’s largest urban agglomerations, Delhi sits astride (but primarily on the west bank of) the Yamuna River, a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Himalayas. The national capital territory embraces Old and New Delhi and the surrounding metropolitan region, as well as adjacent rural areas. To the east the territory is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh, and to the north, west, and south it is bounded by the state of Haryana.

Delhi is of great historical significance as an important commercial, transport, and cultural hub, as well as the political center of India. According to legend, the city was named for Raja Dhilu, a king who reigned in the region in the 1st century bce. The names by which the city has been known—including Delhi, Dehli, Dilli, and Dhilli, among others—likely are corruptions of his name. Area Old Delhi, 360 square miles (932 square km); national capital territory, 573 square miles (1,483 square km). Pop. Old Delhi, (2001) 12,260,000; national capital territory, (2001) 13,850,507; Old Delhi, (2011) 11,007,835; national capital territory, (2011) 16,753,235.

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