Dry Socket: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, And Prevention

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Dry Socket

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Archibald, DDS — Written by Jerisha Parker Gordon — Updated on April 25, 2023

Who gets it?
Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Outlook

When a tooth is removed from the bone and gums, a blood clot forms to protect the hole in your gums as it heals. If it does not form properly or becomes dislodged, it can create a dry socket.

Dry socket is also called alveolar osteitis.

Dry socket can leave the nerves and bone in your gums exposed, so it’s important to seek dental care. It can be incredibly painful, and if left untreated, it can lead to complications, including:

delayed healing
infection in the socket
infection that spreads to the bone

Dry socket in a mouth — Pal US, et al. (2013). Comparative evaluation of zinc oxide eugenol versus gelatin sponge soaked in plasma rich in growth factor in the treatment of dry socket: An initial study. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.111592

Who gets dry socket?

If you’ve recently had a tooth removed, you’re at risk of developing dry socket. Although dry socket is the most common complication of tooth removal, it’s still relatively rare.

Researchers in one 2016 study found that about 42 out of 2,281 observed teeth experienced some degree of dry socket. This put the incidence rate at just 1.8 percent.

The type of tooth extraction you undergo determines how likely you are to experience dry socket. While still rare, dry socket is more likely to develop after your wisdom teeth or other molars are removed compared with other teeth.

If you’ve had dry socket before, you may be more likely to experience it again. Make sure your dentist or oral surgeon is aware of your history with dry socket ahead of your planned tooth extraction.

Although your dentist can’t do anything to prevent it from occurring, keeping them in the loop will speed up the treatment process if dry socket develops.

Symptoms

If you’re able to look into your open mouth in a mirror and see bone where your tooth used to be, you’re probably experiencing dry socket.

Another tell-tale sign of dry socket is an unexplained severe pain in your jaw. It’s typically felt on the same side as the tooth extraction site 2 to 3 days after the procedure. However, dry socket can occur at any time during the healing process.

Other possible symptoms include bad breath and an unpleasant taste that lingers in your mouth.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, you should see your dentist right away.

What does it feel like?

Dry socket typically causes steady, throbbing pain. The pain can be severe and is often not fully helped by over-the-counter or prescription pain medications. It may lead to being unable to work or focus on other things.

Pain from dry socket may radiate from the extraction site to your:

ear
eye
temple
neck

If you have dry socket, you may also feel pain when you drink something cold or breathe in cold air.

Diagnosis

If you’re experiencing symptoms of dry socket, your dentist will want to see you to look at the empty socket and to discuss next steps.

In some cases, your dentist may suggest X-rays to rule out conditions other than dry socket. This includes bone infection (osteomyelitis) or the possibility that bone or root fragments are still present in the extraction site.

Causes

Dry socket can develop if after a tooth is removed, a protective blood clot doesn’t form in the open space.

Dry socket can also develop if this blood clot becomes dislodged from your gums.

Researchers aren’t sure what prevents this blood clot from forming. It’s thought that bacterial contamination, whether from food, liquid, or other things that enter the mouth, can cause dry socket.

Trauma to the area may also lead to dry socket. This can occur during a complicated tooth extraction or during aftercare. For example, accidentally poking the area with your toothbrush may disrupt the socket’s healing.

Risk factors

You’re more likely to develop dry socket if:

You smoke cigarettes or use other tobacco products. Not only can the chemicals slow healing and contaminate the wound, but the act of inhaling can also dislodge the blood clot.
You take oral contraceptives. Some birth control pills contain high levels of estrogen, which may disrupt the healing process.
You don’t care for the wound properly. Not following your dentist’s instructions for at-home care or not practicing good oral hygiene can cause dry socket.

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Treatment

Cleaning and dressing the area

If you have dry socket, your dentist will clean the socket to make sure it’s free of food and other particles. This may alleviate any pain and can help prevent infection.

Your dentist may also pack the socket with a medicated dressing or paste to help numb the pain.

If the dressing needs to be removed, you’ll have to return to your dentist after a few days. The dressing may need to be replaced if the pain is still severe. Otherwise, you may be instructed to remove it at home and clean the socket again afterward.

Your dentist will likely recommend a saltwater or prescription rinse. They may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection in the area.

Managing pain

Over-the-counter pain medication may help relieve any discomfort. Your dentist will probably recommend a specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as ibuprofen (Motrin IB, Advil), or acetaminophen (Tylenol).

It’s best to avoid taking aspirin, as it’s an NSAID that may cause more bleeding in the area.

A cold compress may also provide relief.

If your pain is more severe, your dentist may recommend a prescription pain reliever.

You’ll likely have a follow-up appointment about a week after your extraction. Your dentist will look over the affected area and discuss any next steps.

Buy ibuprofen to help relieve discomfort.

How to prevent

You can reduce your risk of dry socket by taking the following steps before surgery:

Ensure that your dentist or oral surgeon is experienced with this type of procedure. You should check out their credentials, read online reviews, and ask around about them — whatever you need to do to know that you’re in good hands.
After selecting a care professional, talk with them about any over-the-counter or prescription medications that you’re currently using. Some medications can prevent your blood from clotting, which can cause dry socket.
If you smoke, limit or avoid smoking before and after your extraction. Smoking can increase your risk of dry socket. Talk with your dentist about using nicotine management options, such as the patch, during the healing process. They may even be able to provide guidance about quitting.

After the procedure, your dentist will provide you with information about recovery and general guidelines for care. It’s important that you follow these directions. If you have any questions, call your dentist’s office. They can clear up any concerns that you may have.

Your dentist may recommend one or more of the following during recovery:

antibacterial mouthwashes
antiseptic rinses
medicated gauze
medicated gel
pain medication

Your dentist may also suggest an antibiotic, especially if your immune system has been compromised.

Outlook

While it can be very painful, dry socket is a highly treatable condition. You should start to feel better shortly after treatment begins, and your symptoms should be gone entirely within a few days.

If you’re still dealing with pain or swelling after about 5 days, call your dentist. You may still have debris caught in the area or another underlying condition.

Having had dry socket once does put you at risk of developing dry socket again, so be sure to tell your dentist about your dental history if you ever need to have another tooth removed.

How we reviewed this article:

SourcesHistoryHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Chemaly D. (2013). How do I manage a patient with dry socket?https://jcda.ca/article/d54
Dry socket. (n.d.).https://www.dental.columbia.edu/patient-care/dental-library/dry-socket
Mamoun J. (2018).https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1092050
Mudali V, et al. (2016). Incidence and predisposing factors for dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at a regional hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal.http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sadj/v71n4/06.pdf
What to do following an extraction. (n.d.).https://www.dentalhealth.org/what-to-do-following-an-extraction

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Medically reviewed by Jennifer Archibald, DDS — Written by Jerisha Parker Gordon — Updated on April 25, 2023

Dry Socket: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, And Prevention

Who gets dry socket?

Symptoms

What does it feel like?

Diagnosis

Causes

Risk factors

Treatment

Cleaning and dressing the area

Managing pain

How to prevent

Outlook

How we reviewed this article:

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