Everything You Need To Know About Ant Bites | Everyday Health

First AidBites & StingsExplore This TopicShare this articleShareShare on FacebookShare on XShare on PinterestCopy LinkBites & StingsGet the facts about how to recognize and respond to various bites and stings, including mosquitos, spiders, and ticks. Learn how to recognize symptoms, the proper first aid steps, and when to seek medical attention.LEARN MORE

• 1Bug Bites and Stings: Everything You Need to Know
• 2Bitten by a Tick? How to Know
• 3How to Identify and Treat Spider Bites
• 4How to Know When It’s a Chigger Bite
• 5Everything You Need to Know About Wasp Stings
• 6Everything You Need to Know About Mite and Flea Bites
• 7Everything You Need to Know About Ant Bites
• 8How to Get Rid of Mosquito Bites: Stopping the Itch

SEE MOREEverything You Need to Know About Ant Bites

Jodi Jacobson/iStock; Everyday HealthByChristina FrankUpdated on August 1, 2025Medically Reviewed bySusan Bard, MDON THIS PAGE

• Fire Ants
• Red Harvester Ants
• Carpenter Ants
• How to Avoid Getting Ant Bites or Stings
• FAQ

ON THIS PAGE

• Fire Ants
• Red Harvester Ants
• Carpenter Ants
• How to Avoid Getting Ant Bites or Stings
• FAQ

While most ants are harmless, a few species in the United States — such as fire ants, red harvester ants, and carpenter ants — can deliver painful bites or stings. In rare cases, their bites may cause a severe allergic reaction.

Here’s what to know about these types of ants, what their stings or bites look and feel like, and what to do if you’re bitten or stung.

Fire Ants

Fire ants are among the few types of ants in the United States that frequently sting people.

[1]

 There are two types: a red fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and a black fire ant, Solenopsis richteri.Both types are imported, coming from South America originally. But today, red fire ants are found primarily in the South and sometimes in California and Puerto Rico. Black fire ants, on the other hand, are not as widespread and are limited to northern Arkansas, Mississippi, and southern Tennessee.

[2]

It’s a common misconception that fire ants bite. “Fire ants don’t bite. They deliver a sting via their tail,” says Michael Merchant, PhD, professor emeritus of entomology at Texas A&M University in Dallas. “Only the females sting, and their stinger is very sharp and delivers venom.” Dr. Merchant says fire ants are well named because their sting causes a hot, fiery sensation on the skin.

When fire ants are disturbed, they act quickly and aggressively, often swarming the intruder. They can even run up vertical surfaces.

[3]

It’s possible to be stung by a lone fire ant. “You may be outside working in a garden and get just one on your arm or leg,” says Merchant. “But commonly people make the mistake of stopping and standing on a mound without realizing it, so they end up covered and they get hundreds of stings.”

Other Symptoms

“Bites start out as small, red spots, and, after a day or two, a white pustule forms that’s itchy and a little bit painful,” Merchant says. These symptoms typically resolve within three to eight days.

[4]

A fire ant’s stinger is not barbed, so it can sting multiple times. “You may see a row of red marks, and that’s where one ant has grabbed on and stabbed its stinger down in a semicircle,” he says.

Some people may develop a large welt that swells and itches.

What to Do About Them

Merchant says that, in most cases, fire ant stings don’t require any medical treatment. You can wash the stings with soap and water and apply ice to the affected area to keep the swelling down.

[4]

You can use over-the-counter antihistamines or topical steroid creams, such as hydrocortisone, as needed to reduce the itching.If the sting continues to swell or grow larger after a day or two, you may have a secondary infection. Call your doctor right away, especially if you also have a fever, muscle aches, or flu-like symptoms.

[5]

When to Seek Medical Attention

In rare cases, a fire ant sting can cause anaphylaxis. This is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. The signs of anaphylaxis typically present within 5 to 30 minutes of contact and are life-threatening if not treated properly or right away.

[6]

Head to your nearest emergency room if you notice any of the following symptoms, which can indicate an anaphylactic response:

[4]

• Difficulty breathing
• A rapid heart rate
• A swollen throat, arms, or legs
• Dizziness or a sharp drop in blood pressure

Red Harvester Ants

Red harvester ants are another type of ant that delivers a painful sting. Ten of the 22 species of harvester ants can be found in Texas.

[7]

 But you can also find them ranging from Kansas to Oklahoma and in New Mexico and Arizona.You’re unlikely to find these ants in your home. Instead, they build large nests, averaging 12 feet in diameter, in areas with full sun. These nests often appear barren, as the ants remove nearby vegetation so the area stays warm.

[8]

Like fire ants, they sting rather than bite. And they release venom, typically only when their nests are disturbed, Merchant says.

A red harvester ant’s sting is painful and is thought to be more powerful than a honey bee sting. The pain usually peaks after 20 to 30 minutes and can last over eight hours. Besides pain, common side effects are redness, swelling, goosebumps, and sweating. You may also have a red welt that itches for a few days.

[9]

Other Symptoms

In some cases, pus-filled blisters can develop at the sting site, similar to fire ant stings. These can persist for a couple of weeks.

[1]

What to Do About Them

If you’re stung by harvester ants, move away from the area immediately to prevent more stings. Clean the affected area with soap and water. Apply a cold compress or ice pack to reduce swelling and pain.

Over-the-counter oral antihistamines, like diphenhydramine (Benadryl), can help alleviate itching and mild allergy symptoms. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) can manage discomfort. Topical lidocaine-based gels may also provide relief by numbing nerve endings.

[10]

 Avoid scratching the sting site to prevent infection.

[11]

When to Seek Medical Attention

Red harvester ants are venomous, so their sting could cause a serious reaction. While most harvester ant stings resolve without complications, it’s important to seek medical attention right away if you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction. Signs of an allergic reaction include:

[12]

• Rapid swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Widespread rash or hives
• Dizziness
• Fainting
• Vomiting
• Chest pain

Carpenter Ants

Like their name suggests, carpenter ants like to nest within wood. But they do not eat it like termites. Carpenter ants are large, with some types about a half inch long. They can be black, red, brown, or yellow.

Carpenter ants try to escape, not swarm and attack, when confronted by humans, Merchant says. They have strong jaws and spread formic acid at the site of the bite rather than releasing venom through their stinger. Formic acid is a type of chemical that can cause irritation.

Unlike fire ants and red harvester ants, which deliver a sting, carpenter ants bite. However, the sensation is similar. That is, you may experience a stab of pain or a red welt.

[13]

Other Symptoms

Formic acid can intensify the pain and cause a burning sensation. It can cause an allergic reaction in some people.

[11]

What to Do About Them

Clean the affected area with soap and water immediately. If your skin is broken, apply an antibiotic ointment. A cold compress or ice pack can help reduce swelling and numb the pain.

Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, antihistamine creams, or calamine lotion, can help alleviate discomfort and itching. Avoid scratching the bites to prevent further irritation and potential infection.

[14]

When to Seek Medical Attention

Carpenter ant bites are generally not dangerous to humans. Symptoms typically resolve within a few days. Seek medical help if you experience a severe allergic reaction, such as:

[11]

• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling of the lips or tongue
• Dizziness

Additionally, if the bite area becomes increasingly painful, shows signs of infection (such as pus or red streaks), or does not improve within a few days, call your doctor for treatment.

[15]

How to Avoid Getting Ant Bites or Stings

The best way to avoid being bitten or stung by an ant is to know where they hang out.

Merchant says fire ants like to build their nests in open, sunny areas away from vegetation.

[4]

The same is true of red harvester ants.

[16]

 The best way to avoid stings is to keep your eyes on the ground and avoid sitting down, squatting, or standing on their mound-like nests (ant hills), he says.When working outside, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, and avoid walking around barefoot.

[17]

Carpenter ants, on the other hand, show up inside homes and other wooden structures. They tend to bite only if handled or touched, such as if you try to squash them or swipe them away.

If you see these wood-loving ants in your home, you can use insecticidal baits or sprays to get rid of them. To prevent them from returning or making a nest, remove excess moisture in your home. This includes repairing leaks, removing tree limbs or other debris that’s too close to your home. If you’re experiencing an infestation, call your local pest services.

[18]

The Takeaway

• Fire ants, red carpenter ants, and red harvester ants are three types of ants that can cause painful bites and stings. Fire ants are typically found in the South, while red harvester ants and carpenter ants can be found in the Southwest.
• While most ant bites and stings don't require medical attention, seek immediate medical attention if you experience swelling or breathing difficulties. These may indicate anaphylaxis and require emergency medical care.
• To prevent ant bites and stings, learn about their habits and what their nests look like so you can avoid disturbing them.

FAQ

What is the difference between a fire ant bite and a sting? Fire ants and red harvester ants don't actually bite: They deliver a sting with their tail. Carpenter ants use their strong jaws to pierce the skin and release formic acid, which causes irritation.How do you know if you've been stung by a fire ant? Fire ant stings start as small red spots. After a day or two, a white, itchy pustule will form. If you’ve been stung multiple times, you may see a row of red marks.When should you seek medical attention for an ant sting? Seek immediate medical attention if you experience difficulty breathing, dizziness, chest pain, or rapid swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.Can other types of ants bite or sting? Yes, other types of ants, like red harvester ants and carpenter ants, can sting or bite. But fire ant stings are much more common.How can you avoid getting ant bites or stings? To avoid fire ant and red harvester ant stings, keep an eye on the ground and do not sit or stand on their mound-like nests. Use pest control to get rid of or prevent carpenter ants at home.

Resources We Trust

• Cleveland Clinic: Infected Bug Bites Can Lead to Cellulitis: Here’s How
• Poison Control: Stung by an Ant?
• StatPearls: Fire Ant Bites
• Entomology Today: The Painful but Fascinating Stings of Harvester Ants
• University of Georgia Extension: Carpenter Ants

EDITORIAL SOURCESEveryday Health follows strict sourcing guidelines to ensure the accuracy of its content, outlined in our editorial policy. We use only trustworthy sources, including peer-reviewed studies, board-certified medical experts, patients with lived experience, and information from top institutions.SourcesResources

1. Soto P et al. Stung by an Ant? Poison Control.
2. Kruse B et al. Fire Ants. StatPearls. August 7, 2023.
3. Imported Fire Ants. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. July 30, 2025.
4. Fire Ants. MedlinePlus. July 1, 2023.
5. Fire Ant Bites. American Osteopathic Academy of Dermatology.
6. Anaphylaxis. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. July 31, 2025.
7. Red Harvester Ants. Texas A&M System AgriLife Extension.
8. Red Harvester Ants, Pogonomyrmex Baratus. Urban and Structural Entomology Program at Texas A&M University.
9. Uhey D. The Painful But Fascinating Sting of Harvester Ants. Entomology Today. April 17, 2025.
10. Lidocaine Topical Lotion. Cleveland Clinic.
11. Ant Bites. Cleveland Clinic. May 6, 2022.
12. Ant Bites and Stings. DermNet. September 2020.
13. Jones SC. Carpenter Ants. Ohio State University Extension. October 6, 2017.
14. How to Treat Carpenter Ant Bites: Quick Remedies. Banner Pest Services. January 6, 2024.
15. Infected Bug Bites Can Lead to Cellulitis: Here’s How. Cleveland Clinic. April 4, 2025.
16. Red Harvester Ants. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension.
17. Bites and Stings: Insects. Johns Hopkins Medicine.
18. Carpenter Ants. University of Georgia Extension. July 13, 2022.

Meet Our ExpertsSee Our Editorial PolicyMeet Our Health Expert Network

Susan Bard, MD

Medical Reviewer

Castle Connolly Top Doctor

Susan Bard, MD, is a clinical instructor in the department of dermatology at Weill Cornell Medicine and an adjunct clinical instructor in the department of dermatology at Mount Sinai in New York City. Her professional interests include Mohs micrographic surgery, cosmetic and laser procedures, and immunodermatology.

She is a procedural dermatologist with the American Board of Dermatology and a fellow of the American College of Mohs Surgery.

Dr. Bard has written numerous book chapters and articles for many prominent peer-reviewed journals, and authored the textbook The Laser Treatment of Vascular Lesions.

See full bio

Christina Frank

Author

Christina Frank is a Brooklyn-based writer and editor specializing in health and medical topics. Her work has been published in over 50 digital and print publications, including Berkeley Wellness, Health, The New York Times, Parenting, and WebMD.

See full bioSee Our Editorial PolicyMeet Our Health Expert Network

Sign up for our Healthy Living Newsletter!Enter your emailSubscribeBy subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. RELATED ARTICLESSee all in Bites & StingsEverything You Need to Know About Wasp Stings

Bites & StingsEverything You Need to Know About Wasp StingsMedically Reviewed by Mohiba Tareen, MD | Dec 15, 2025How to Know if You Have Bedbugs

BedbugsHow to Know if You Have BedbugsMedically Reviewed by Mohiba Tareen, MD | Nov 26, 2025How to Know When It’s a Chigger Bite

Bites & StingsHow to Know When It’s a Chigger BiteMedically Reviewed by Mohiba Tareen, MD | Nov 18, 2025The 13 Best Natural Remedies for Bug Bites, According to a Dermatologist

Bites & StingsThe 13 Best Natural Remedies for Bug Bites, According to a Dermatologist Medically Reviewed by Jennifer Logan, MD, MPH | Oct 15, 2025Allergic Reactions to Walnuts

Food AllergiesAllergic Reactions to WalnutsUpdated on Aug 28, 2025Anaphylaxis Symptoms and Diagnosis

AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis Symptoms and DiagnosisMedically Reviewed by Michael Natter, MD | Aug 14, 20257 Surprising Triggers of Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis7 Surprising Triggers of AnaphylaxisMedically Reviewed by Jon E. Stahlman, MD | Aug 13, 2025Itchy Belly Button? Here's What Your Body's Trying to Tell You

Skin ConditionsItchy Belly Button? Here's What Your Body's Trying to Tell YouMedically Reviewed by Kimberly Shao, MD | Aug 07, 2025Anaphylaxis Treatment: Medication, Rehabilitation, and More 

AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis Treatment: Medication, Rehabilitation, and More Medically Reviewed by Jon E. Stahlman, MD | Jun 30, 2025Is It Cellulitis or Something Else?

CellulitisIs It Cellulitis or Something Else?Medically Reviewed by Ross Radusky, MD | Jun 23, 20258 Common Types of Rashes and What They Look Like

Skin Conditions8 Common Types of Rashes and What They Look LikeMedically Reviewed by Susan Bard, MD | Jun 05, 2025Bug Bites and Stings: Everything You Need to Know

Bites & StingsBug Bites and Stings: Everything You Need to KnowMedically Reviewed by Michelle Seguin, MD | Jun 04, 2025All About Bedbug Bites

BedbugsAll About Bedbug BitesMedically Reviewed by Jacquelyn Dosal, MD | Jun 03, 2025How to Know if You Have an Early Poison Ivy Rash: Pictures and Symptoms

Poison IvyHow to Know if You Have an Early Poison Ivy Rash: Pictures and SymptomsMedically Reviewed by Susan Bard, MD | Jan 10, 2025How to Get Rid of Mosquito Bites: Stopping the Itch

Bites & StingsHow to Get Rid of Mosquito Bites: Stopping the ItchMedically Reviewed by Jacquelyn Dosal, MD | Nov 04, 2024What Bit Me? Spot These 13 Bug Bites

Bites & StingsWhat Bit Me? Spot These 13 Bug BitesMedically Reviewed by Ross Radusky, MD | Oct 15, 2024What Is Anaphylaxis? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

AnaphylaxisWhat Is Anaphylaxis? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and PreventionMedically Reviewed by Stephen H. Kimura, MD | Sep 19, 2024Anaphylaxis Prevention: How to Avoid This Serious Allergic Reaction

AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis Prevention: How to Avoid This Serious Allergic ReactionMedically Reviewed by Asal Naderi, MD | Sep 11, 2024 What Are Food Allergies? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Food Allergies What Are Food Allergies? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Medically Reviewed by Jon E. Stahlman, MD | Apr 11, 2024Anaphylaxis Causes and Triggers

AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis Causes and TriggersMedically Reviewed by Jon E. Stahlman, MD | Mar 17, 2024