Exam 2 Flashcards By Abby Davis - Brainscape

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Bio 114 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(36 cards)

Study These Flashcards 1 Q

What distinguishes bacteria from archaea?

a. only bacteria are unicellularb. only bacteria contain a circular chromosomec. only bacteria lack a membrane bound nucleus to house the genetic materiald. only bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

A

D

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 2 Q

Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?

a. a trait that is shared by more than one monophyletic groupb. a trait common in a single monopyletic group, but not generally found outside of that groupc. the state of having several traits in common with different monophyletic groupsd. a trait that evolved in several different monophyletic groups simultaneously

A

B

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 3 Q

In marine ecosystems, the main primary producers are _____?

a. photosynthetic bacteriab. photosynthetic fungic. photosynthetic plantsd. photosynthetic protists

A

D

Good

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 4 Q

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because _________.

a. protists eat bacteria b. bacteria are not made of cellsc. protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lackd. bacteria decomposed protists e. protsis are photosynthetic

A

C

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 5 Q

Which of the following is the best evidence that all life evolved from prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic ancestors?

a. prokaryotes possess peptidoglycan in their cell wallsb. bacteria are unicellularc. prokaryotes possess flagellad. the oldest fossil form of life known is prokaryotic

A

d

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 6 Q

An organism that is capable of both photosynthetic and heterotrophy is a (n):

a. autotrophb. chemotrophc. mixotrophd. phototroph

A

C

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 7 Q

While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to bacteria but not archaea or eukarya?

a. its unicellular b. the organism does not have nucleusc. the lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to straight chain fatty acidsd. cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycane. it can survive at a temp over 100 degrees celcius

A

D

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 8 Q

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

a. bacteria and eukaryab. archaea and monerac. eukarya and monerad. bacteria and Protistae. bacteria and archaea

A

E

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 9 Q

You might be interested to know how many different types of bacteria live on the shower curtain in your bathroom. What is the most efficient method for finding out?

a. producing a molecular phylogenyb. enrichment culturec. direct sequencing d. enrichment culture and direct sequencing are equally efficient methods

A

B

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 10 Q

Genetic recombination in prokaryotes is one factor that gives rise to their high levels of genetic diversity. Which of the following are mechanisms of prokaryotic genetic recombination?

a. transformationb. transductionc. conjugationd. all of the above are correcte. none of the above

A

D

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 11 Q

In prokaryotes new mutations accumulate quickly in populations, while in eukaryotes new mutations accumulate much more slowly. The primary reason for this are:

a. prokaryotes have short generation times and large population sizesb. prokaryotes have random mutations while eukaryotes can target genes for mutations; thus mutations may not accumulate as quickly in eukaryotes but they are more useful to the organism.c. the dna in prokaryotes is not as stable as eukaryotic DNA and is thus more likely to mutate.d. prokaryote mutations are less effective than eukaryote mutations in providing variation for evolution

A

A

Good

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 12 Q

which of the following represents an area where prokaryotes are more diverse than eukaryotes?

a. metabolismb. morphologyc. motilityd. size

A

a

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 13 Q

Microbiologists use the gram stain to aid in the identification of bacteria. What is the major difference between gram-postitive and gram-negative bacteria

a. presence or absence of flagellab. presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wallc. presence or absence of outer plasma membraned. structure of nucleotides in the plasma membrane

A

B

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 14 Q

Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _______.

a. chemoheterotrophsb. photoheterotrophsc. photoautotrophsd. chemoautotrophs

A

D?

seems good but check

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 15 Q

A doctor prescribes an antibiotic to her patients. For the first few years, the drug works well; but after several years the doctor sees more patients whom that antibiotic doesn’t actually work. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?

a. the pharmaceutical company lost its drug formula and started selling poor-quality antibioticsb. natural selection caused the bacteria to mutate, creating a new antibioitic resistant speciesc. antibiotic resistant bacteria were most likely to survive and reproduce

A

C

How well did you know this? 1 Not at all 2 3 4 5 Perfectly 16 Q

Primary production by photosynthetic protists is considered “primary” because _______.

a. These protists are the first to colonize new areasb. these protists are the most abundant on earthc. these protists produce chemical energy by fixing CO2d. these protists are the oldest lineage to photosynthesize

Study These Flashcards A

C

good

17 Q

Locomotive diversity amongst protists includes:

a. ciliab. pseudopodiac. flagellad. B and C onlye. A, B, C

Study These Flashcards A

E

18 Q

What synapomorphy defines the eukarya?

a. fissionb. meiosis and sexual reproduction c. multicellularity d. nuclear envelope

Study These Flashcards A

D

19 Q

All protists _________.

a. are unicellularb. have a cell wallc. contain a nucleusd. are photosynthetice. are smaller than animal cells

Study These Flashcards A

C

good

20 Q

Which of the following statements is consistent with the assertion that protists are paraphyletic

a. some protists evolved into other eukaryotic groupsb. protists all share a common set of synapomorphiesc. protists are all more primitive than land plants and animalsd. protists do not share a single common ancestor

Study These Flashcards A

A

good

21 Q

Which term describes the multicellular haploid form of a protest that shows alternation of generations

a. zygoteb. gametophytec. spored. sporophyte

Study These Flashcards A

B

good

22 Q

Assume that some members of an aquatic species of motile, photosynthetic protists evolve to become parasitic to fish. They gain the ability to live in the fish gut, absorbing nutrients as the fish digests the food. Over time, which of the following phenotypic changes would you expect to observe in this population of protists?

a. loss of motilityb. gain of meiosisc. loss of chloroplastsd. gain of a rigid cell walle. no changes would be expected

Study These Flashcards A

C

logically makes sense but check

23 Q

In the process of alternation of generations, the ________.

a. sporophyte is haploid and produces gametesb. sporophyte is diploid and produces sporesc. gametophyte is haploid and produces spores d. gametophyte is diploid and produces gametese. spores unite to form a zygote

Study These Flashcards A

B

check this one

24 Q

Imagine that there are twenty five different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?

a. the asexually reproducing speciesb. the sexually reproducing species c. sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive.

Study These Flashcards A

B

should match up

25 A. actinobacteria b. chlamydias c. cyanobacteria d. proteobacteria e. spirochetes 1. named for their shape; includes pathogens such as species that cause syphilis and Lyme disease 2. You have found a new prokaryote. It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen. It is most likely a type of _______. 3. all species are intracellular parasites; one of the smallest bacteria lineages; some species cause human STD 1. B 2. C? 3. B Havent checked this one 26 a. diatom b. dinoflagellate c. giardia d. leishmania 1. people can get paralytic shellfish poisoning during _________ blooms 2. ___________ are producers that are responsible for half of the C fixation in marine environments 3. ________ are the pathogenic protists that can cause large skin lesions 1. B (good) 2. A 3. D 27 A. Cholorplasts b. DNA c. Mitochondria d. nuclear envelope e. ribosome 1. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have this structure, which is the protein factory for the cell 2. This cell structure likely evolved from infoldings of the plasma membrane 3. this cell structure likely evolved when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an ancestral cyanobacterium 4. This cell structure likely evolved when a cell engulfed an ancestral proteobacteria 1. E 2. D 3. A 4. C 28 What evidence supports the hypothesis that the nuclear envelope of eukaryotes arose from infolding of the plasma membrane? A. No modern bacteria have infolded plasma membranes. B. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ in control of gene expression. C. The nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of modern eukaryotes are continuous. D. The nuclear membrane allows separation of transcription and translation. C 29 True or false? Organisms that exhibit alternation of generations reproduce sexually in the diploid stage. False 30 How does the haploid form of Ulva "switch" to its diploid form? A. Gametophytes produce cells that undergo meiosis and produce spores that germinate into diploid adults. B. Gametophytes produce cells that undergo mitosis to produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote. C. Sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce spores that germinate into diploid adults. D.Sporophytes produce cells that undergo mitosis to produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote. B 31 What advantage do organisms that reproduce sexually have over organisms that reproduce asexually? A.Their offspring may be more adaptable to changes in the environment. B.Their offspring can exist in both haploid and diploid stages. C. Their offspring are bigger and better able to reproduce. D. Their offspring may have more mutations. A 32 A gametophyte is formed from a _____. sporophyte zygote spore gamete spore 33 Where on the phylogenetic tree should the origin of chloroplasts appear? A. At the base of the group Bikonta B. At the base of Eukaryotes C. At the base of green algae and land plants D. At the base of Plantae D 34 Chloroplasts arose via _____. A. endosymbiosis of euglenids B. endosymbiosis of α-Proteobacteria C. endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria D. endosymbiosis of dinoflagellates C 35 What is the relationship between speciation and adaptive radiation? A. Speciation and adaptive radiation mean the same thing. B. Speciation and adaptive radiation are unrelated. C. Speciation is a form of adaptive radiation. D.Adaptive radiation is a form of speciation. D 36 What method would you use to best identify the diversity of bacterial and archaeal species in the soil present on your campus? Enrichment Microscope Culture bacteria from a sample. Metagenomics Metagenomics Bio 114 flashcards Decks in class (6) # Cards

• Exam 1 40
• Exam 2 36
• Things to know for Exam 2 based off of Study Guides 58
• Exam 3 49
• Exam 4 47
• Lab Practical 8

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