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Social Psychology

social psychology	the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
attribution theory	the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition
fundamental attribution error	the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
attitude	feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
central route persuasion	attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
peripheral route persuasion	attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness
foot-in-the-door phenomenon	the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
role	a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
cognitive dissonance theory	the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent
conformity	adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
normative social influence	influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
informational social influence	influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality
social facilitation	stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
social loafing	the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
deindividuation	the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
group polarization	the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
groupthink	the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
culture	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
norm	an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
personal space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
prejudice	an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members
stereotype	a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people
discrimination	(1) in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. (2) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
ingroup	“Us”—people with whom we share a common identity
outgroup	“Them”—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
ingroup bias	the tendency to favor our own group
scapegoat theory	the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
other-race effect	the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races
just-world phenomenon	the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
aggression	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
frustration-aggression principle	the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression
mere exposure effect	the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
passionate love	an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
companionate love	the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
equity	a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
self-disclosure	revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare of others
bystander effect	the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
social exchange theory	the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
reciprocity norm	an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
social-responsibility norm	an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
conflict	a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
social trap	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
mirror-image perceptions	mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
self-fulfilling prophecy	a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
superordinate goals	shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
GRIT	Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Created by: mbehm Popular Psychology sets Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 01 Vocabulary Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 02 Vocabulary Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 08 Vocabulary Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 09 Vocabulary Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 03 Vocabulary AP Psychology Human Development Balance Courage with Considerations/ Make deposits in other people's EBA All key terms and key studies from Psychopathology All key terms from Research Methods Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 11 Vocabulary Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 05 Vocabulary All key terms and key studies from Attachments - AQA show back first auto play cards speak cards Voices Close

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