Gazelle - Wikipedia

Genus of mammals This article is about the antelope species. For other uses, see Gazelle (disambiguation).

It has been suggested that this article be split out into multiple articles. (Discuss) (March 2024)

GazellaTemporal range: Miocene-Recent 14–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Chinkara from Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Antilopinae
Tribe:	Antilopini
Genus:	GazellaBlainville, 1816
Type species
Capra dorcas[1](Linnaeus, 1758)
Species
Several, see text

A gazelle is one of many antelope species in the genus Gazella /ɡəˈzɛlə/.[2] There are also seven species included in two further genera; Eudorcas and Nanger, which were formerly considered subgenera of Gazella. A third former subgenus, Procapra, includes three living species of Asian gazelles.

Gazelles are known as swift animals. Some can run at bursts as high as 100 km/h (60 mph) or run at a sustained speed of 50 km/h (30 mph).[3] Gazelles are found mostly in the deserts, grasslands, and savannas of Africa, but they are also found in southwest and central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They tend to live in herds, and eat fine, easily digestible plants and leaves.

Gazelles are relatively small antelopes, most standing 60–110 cm (2–3.5 ft) high at the shoulder, and are generally fawn-colored.

The gazelle genera are Gazella, Eudorcas, and Nanger. The taxonomy of these genera is confused, and the classification of species and subspecies has been an unsettled issue. Currently, the genus Gazella is widely considered to contain about 10 species.[4] One species is extinct: the Queen of Sheba's gazelle. Most surviving gazelle species are considered threatened to varying degrees. Closely related to the true gazelles are the Tibetan goa, and Mongolian gazelles (species of the genus Procapra), the blackbuck of Asia, and the African springbok.

One widely familiar gazelle is the African species Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii), sometimes referred to as a "tommie". It is around 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in) in shoulder height and is coloured brown and white with a distinguishing black stripe. The males have long, often curved, horns. Like many other prey species, tommies exhibit a distinctive behaviour of stotting (running and jumping high before fleeing) when they are threatened by predators such as cheetahs, lions, African wild dogs, crocodiles, hyenas, and leopards.

Etymology

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Gazelle is derived from French gazelle, Old French gazel, probably via Old Spanish gacel, probably from North African pronunciation of Arabic: غزال ġazāl,[5][6] Maghrebi pronunciation ġazēl.[7] To Europe it first came to Old Spanish and Old French,[7] and then around 1600 the word entered the English language.[8] The Arab people traditionally hunted the gazelle. Later appreciated for its grace, however, it became a symbol most commonly associated in Arabic literature with human beauty.[9][10]

Species

[edit] For gazelle species by population, see List of even-toed ungulates by population

The gazelles are divided into three genera and numerous species.[11]

Genus	Common and binomial names	Image	Range
Gazella	Arabian gazelleG. arabica		Arabian Peninsula
	Cuvier's gazelleG. cuvieri		Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia
	Dorcas gazelleG. dorcas		North and saharan Africa, Sinai and Southern Israel
	Goitered gazelleG. subgutturosa		Azerbaijan, eastern Georgia, part of Iran, parts of Iraq and southwestern Pakistan, Afghanistan and the Gobi Desert
	Arabian sand gazelleG. marica		Syrian Desert, southeastern Turkey, and Arabian Desert
	Chinkara or Indian gazelleG. bennettii		Iran, Pakistan and India
	Mountain gazelleG. gazella		Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank, Dubai and Turkey
	Rhim gazelleG. leptoceros		Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan
	Speke's gazelleG. spekei		Horn of Africa
Eudorcas	Mongalla gazelleE. albonotata		Floodplain and savanna of South Sudan
	Red-fronted gazelleE. rufifrons		The Sahel region of central Africa
	Red gazelleE. rufina		Mountain areas of North Africa
	Thomson's gazelleE. thomsonii		East Africa
Nanger	Dama gazelleN. dama		Sahara desert and the Sahel
	Grant's gazelleN. granti		Northern Tanzania to South Sudan and Ethiopia, and from the Kenyan coast to Lake Victoria
	Soemmerring's gazelleN. soemmerringii		Horn of Africa

Prehistoric species

[edit]

Fossils of genus Gazella are found in Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits of Eurasia and Africa, which occupuied a broader distribution that modern members of the genus. The earliest members of the genus are known from the Middle Miocene of Africa, around 14 million years ago with members of the genus inhabiting Europe from the Late Miocene until their extinction in the region during the Early Pleistocene around 1.8 million years ago.[12]

• Genus Gazella
  • Gazella borbonica - Early Pleistocene Europe
  • Gazella capricornis - Miocene Asia[13]
  • Gazella harmonae - Pliocene of Ethiopia, unusual spiral horns[14]
  • Gazella praethomsoni - Pliocene Africa [14]
  • Gazella negevensis - Early Miocene Asia[15]
  • Gazella thomasi - Thomas's gazelle[16]
  • Gazella vanhoepeni - Pliocene Africa [17]
• Subgenus Vetagazella
  • Gazella altidens [18]
  • Gazella blacki - Pliocene Asia[19]
  • Gazella deperdita - Late Miocene Europe[20]
  • Gazella dorcadoides - Middle Miocene Asia[21]
  • Gazella pilgrimi - Late Miocene Europe[22]
  • Gazella gaudryi - Middle Miocene Eurasia[21]
  • Gazella kueitensis - Pliocene Asia[23]
  • Gazella lydekkeri - Mid to Late Miocene Asia[18]
  • Gazella paotehensis - Middle Miocene Asia[21]
  • Gazella paragutturosa - Pleistocene Asia[24]
  • Gazella parasinensis - Pliocene Asia[25]
  • Gazella praegaudryi - Pleistocene Africa
  • Gazella sinensis - Pliocene Asia[26]
  • Gazella brianus - Pliocene Asia[25]
• Subgenus Gazella
  • Gazella janenschi - Pliocene Africa[27]
• Subgenus Trachelocele
  • Gazella atlantica - Pleistocene Africa
  • Gazella tingitana - Pleistocene Africa
• Subgenus Deprezia
  • Gazella psolea - Pliocene Africa

In culture

[edit]

Symbolism

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The gazelle, like the antelope to which it is related, is the totem of many African families. Some examples include the Joof family of the Senegambia region,[28][29] the Bagananoa of Botswana in Southern Africa (said to be descended from the BaHurutshe),[30] and the Eraraka (or Erarak) clan of Uganda.[31] As is common in many African societies, it is forbidden for the Joof or Eraraka to kill or touch the family totem.[29][31]

Poetry

[edit]

One of the traditional themes of Arabic love poetry involves comparing the gazelle with the beloved, and linguists theorize ghazal, the word for love poetry in Arabic, is related to the word for gazelle.[32] It is related that the Caliph Abd al-Malik (646–705) freed a gazelle that he had captured because of her resemblance to his beloved:

O likeness of Layla, never fear! For I am your friend, today, O wild gazelle! Then I say, after freeing her from her fetters: You are free for the sake of Layla, for ever![32]

The theme is found in the ancient Hebrew Song of Songs. (8:14)

Come away, my beloved, and be like a gazelle or like a young stag on the spice-laden mountains.

Gallery

[edit]

• Grant's gazelle (male)
• Mhorr gazelle
• Cuvier's gazelle (female)
• Thomson's gazelle (male)
• Speke's gazelle (female)
• Goitered gazelle (females and young)
• Chinkara (female)
• Dorcas gazelle (female)
• Red-fronted gazelle
• Mountain gazelle (male)
• Soemmerring's gazelle (females)
• Slender-horned gazelle (male)
• Gazelles on one of the vases made for the Alhambra palace

References

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1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
2. ^ "Gazella". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.
3. ^ "Gazelle". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2007, Columbia University Press.
4. ^ Eva Verena Bärmann; et al. (2013), "The curious case of Gazella arabica", Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 78 (3): 220–225, Bibcode:2013MamBi..78..220B, doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2012.07.003
5. ^ "gazelle | Etymology, origin and meaning of gazelle by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
6. ^ Skeat, Walter W. (1910). "gazelle". An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 236.
7. ^ a b "gazelle". CNRTL.
8. ^ "Definition of GAZELLE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
9. ^ Behrens-billAbouseif, Doris (1999). Beauty in Arabic culture (Illustrated ed.). Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-55876-199-5.
10. ^ Jokha Alharthi (PhD), (Sultan Qaboos University, College of Arts and Social Sciences - Arabic Department) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288181275_The_Representation_of_the_Beloved's_Body_in_classical_Arabic_Poetry Note in particular pages 7 and 8 of this (linked-to) paper published at a conference in 2015.
11. ^ "Antilopinae". Retrieved 1 July 2008.
12. ^ Bellucci, Luca; Sardella, Raffaele (January 2015). "The last Antilopini bovids from the Early Pleistocene of Italy". Quaternary International. 357: 245–252. Bibcode:2015QuInt.357..245B. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.024.
13. ^ Solounias, N.; Moelleken, S.M.C.; Plavcan, J.M. (1995). "Predicting the diet of extinct bovids using masseteric morphology". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 195–805. Bibcode:1995JVPal..15..795S. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011262.
14. ^ a b Geraads, D.; et al. (2012). "Pliocene Bovidae (Mammalia) from the Hadar Formation of Hadar and Ledi-Geraru, Lower Awash, Ethiopia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (1): 180–197. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..180G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.632046. S2CID 86230742.
15. ^ Tchernov, E.; Ginsburg, L.; et al. (1987). "Miocene mammals of the Negev (Israel)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 7 (3): 284–310. Bibcode:1987JVPal...7..284T. doi:10.1080/02724634.1987.10011661.
16. ^ Geraads, D.; Raynal, J.; Sbihi-Alaoui, F. (February 2010). "Mammalian faunas from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Casablanca (Morocco)". Historical Biology. 22 (1–3): 275–285. Bibcode:2010HBio...22..275G. doi:10.1080/08912960903458011. S2CID 128756698.
17. ^ Sponheimer, M.; Reed, K.E.; Lee-Thorp, J.A. (June 1999). "Combining isotopic and ecomorphological data to refine bovid paleodietary reconstruction: a case study from the Makapansgat Limeworks hominin locality". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (6): 705–718. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36..705S. doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0300. PMID 10330334.
18. ^ a b Khan, A. (2009). "Mammalian new remains from chinji" (PDF). The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 19 (4): 224–229. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
19. ^ Chen, G. (1997). "Gazella blacki Teilhard and Young, 1931 (Bovicae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Pliocene of Hefeng, Jingle District, Shanxi Province". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 35 (3): 189–200. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
20. ^ Merceron, G.; de Bonis, L.; et al. (February 2005). "Dental microwear of fossil bovids from northern Greece: paleoenvironmental conditions in the eastern Mediterranean during the Messinian" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 217 (3–4): 173–185. Bibcode:2005PPP...217..173M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.019.
21. ^ a b c Khan, M.A.; Asim, M.; et al. (August 2021). "New remains of Gazella (Bovidae) from Middle Miocene, Pakistan". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14 (17): 1703. Bibcode:2021ArJG...14.1703K. doi:10.1007/s12517-021-07885-8. S2CID 236948573.
22. ^ Bouvrain, G. (1996). "The gazelles from the late Miocene of Macedonia, Greece". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. 199 (1): 111–32. doi:10.1127/njgpa/199/1996/111.
23. ^ Meng, X.; Zhu, D.; et al. (September 2010). "Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleomagnetic chronology of the Zanda Basin, Tibet, and records of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau". Acta Geologica Sinica. 82 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00325.x. S2CID 128749824.
24. ^ Leslie, D.M. (July 2010). "Procapra picticaudata (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)". Mammalian Species. 42 (861): 138–148. doi:10.1644/861.1. S2CID 20998647.
25. ^ a b Vislobokova, I. (2005). "On Pliocene faunas with Proboscideans in the territory of the former Soviet Union". Quaternary International. 126–128: 93–105. Bibcode:2005QuInt.126...93V. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.017.
26. ^ Vislobokova, I.; Dmitrieva, E.; Kalmykov, N. (1995). "Artiodactyls From the Late Pliocene of Udunga, Western Trans-Baikal, Russia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (1): 146–159. Bibcode:1995JVPal..15..146V. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011214.
27. ^ Fillion, E.N.; Harrison, T.; Kwekason, A. (June 2022). "A nonanalog Pliocene ungulate community at Laetoli with implications for the paleoecology of Australopithecus afarensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 167 103182. Bibcode:2022JHumE.16703182F. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103182. PMID 35428490. S2CID 248141011.
28. ^ Faye, Louis Diène, Mort et naissance: le monde Sereer, Nouvelles Éditions africaines (1983), p. 74, ISBN 9782723608688
29. ^ a b Gastellu, Jean-Marc (1981). L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal (in French). IRD Editions. p. 130. ISBN 978-2-7099-0591-6.
30. ^ Chidester, David; Kwenda, Chirevo; Petty, Robert; Tobler, Judy; Wratten, Darrel (7 August 1997). African Traditional Religion in South Africa: An Annotated Bibliography: An Annotated Bibliography. ABC-CLIO. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-313-03225-7.
31. ^ a b Roscoe, John, The Northern Bantu: An Account of Some Central African Tribes of the Uganda Protectorate, The University Press (1915), p. 262
32. ^ a b Necipoğlu, Gülru (1997). Gülru Necipoğlu (ed.). Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-10872-1.

External links

[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gazella.

• Quotations related to Gazelles at Wikiquote

v t e Extant Artiodactyla species
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Eutheria Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Suborder Ruminantia Antilocapridae Antilocapra Pronghorn (A. americana) Giraffidae Okapia Okapi (O. johnstoni) Giraffa Northern giraffe (G. camelopardalis) Southern giraffe (G. giraffa) Reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata) Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi) Moschidae Moschus Anhui musk deer (M. anhuiensis) Dwarf musk deer (M. berezovskii) Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster) Kashmir musk deer (M. cupreus) Black musk deer (M. fuscus) Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster) Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus) Tragulidae Hyemoschus Water chevrotain (H. aquaticus) Moschiola Indian spotted chevrotain (M. indica) Yellow-striped chevrotain (M. kathygre) Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (M. meminna) Tragulus Java mouse-deer (T. javanicus) Lesser mouse-deer (T. kanchil) Greater mouse-deer (T. napu) Philippine mouse-deer (T. nigricans) Vietnam mouse-deer (T. versicolor) Williamson's mouse-deer (T. williamsoni) Cervidae Large family listed below Bovidae Large family listed below
Family Cervidae Cervinae Muntiacus Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes) Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons) Fea's muntjac (M. feae) Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis) Sumatran muntjac (M. montanus) Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak) Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis) Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis) Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi) Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum) Truong Son muntjac (M. truongsonensis) Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis) Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis) Elaphodus Tufted deer (E. cephalophus) Dama European fallow deer (D. dama) Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica) Axis Chital (A. axis) Calamian deer (A. calamianensis) Bawean deer (A. kuhlii) Hog deer (A. porcinus) Rucervus Barasingha (R. duvaucelii) Eld's deer (R. eldii) Elaphurus Père David's deer (E. davidianus) Rusa Visayan spotted deer (R. alfredi) Philippine sambar (R. mariannus) Rusa deer (R. timorensis) Sambar (R. unicolor) Cervus Thorold's deer (C. albirostris) Red deer (C. elaphus) Elk (C. canadensis) Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu) Sika deer (C. nippon) Capreolinae Alces Moose (A. alces) Hydropotes Water deer (H. inermis) Capreolus European roe deer (C. capreolus) Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus) Rangifer Reindeer (R. tarandus) Hippocamelus Taruca (H. antisensis) South Andean deer (H. bisulcus) Mazama Red brocket (M. americana) Small red brocket (M. bororo) Merida brocket (M. bricenii) Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi) Pygmy brocket (M. nana) Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga) Little red brocket (M. rufina) Central American red brocket (M. temama) Ozotoceros Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus) Blastocerus Marsh deer (B. dichotomus) Pudu Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)? Southern pudu (P. pudu) Pudella Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae) Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles) Odocoileus Mule deer (O. hemionus) Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora) White-tailed deer (O. virginianus) Subulo Gray brocket (S. gouazoubira)
Family Bovidae Hippotraginae Hippotragus Roan antelope (H. equinus) Sable antelope (H. niger) Oryx East African oryx (O. beisa) Scimitar oryx (O. dammah) Gemsbok (O. gazella) Arabian oryx (O. leucoryx) Addax Addax (A. nasomaculatus) Reduncinae Kobus Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus) Kob (K. kob) Lechwe (K. leche) Nile lechwe (K. megaceros) Puku (K. vardonii) Redunca Southern reedbuck (R. arundinum) Mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula) Bohor reedbuck (R. redunca) Aepycerotinae Aepyceros Impala (A. melampus) Peleinae Pelea Grey rhebok (P. capreolus) Alcelaphinae Beatragus Hirola (B. hunteri) Damaliscus Common tsessebe (D. lunatus) Bontebok (D. pygargus) Alcelaphus Hartebeest (A. buselaphus) Connochaetes Black wildebeest (C. gnou) Blue wildebeest (C. taurinus) Pantholopinae Pantholops Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii) Caprinae Large subfamily listed below Bovinae Large subfamily listed below Antilopinae Large subfamily listed below
Family Bovidae (subfamily Caprinae) Ammotragus Barbary sheep (A. lervia) Arabitragus Arabian tahr (A. jayakari) Budorcas Takin (B. taxicolor) Capra Wild goat (C. aegagrus) West Caucasian tur (C. caucasia) East Caucasian tur (C. cylindricornis) Markhor (C. falconeri) Domestic goat (C. hircus) Alpine ibex (C. ibex) Nubian ibex (C. nubiana) Iberian ibex (C. pyrenaica) Siberian ibex (C. sibirica) Walia ibex (C. walie) Capricornis Japanese serow (C. crispus) Red serow (C. rubidus) Mainland serow (C. sumatraensis) Taiwan serow (C. swinhoei) Hemitragus Himalayan tahr (H. jemlahicus) Naemorhedus Red goral (N. baileyi) Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus) Himalayan goral (N. goral) Chinese goral (N. griseus) Oreamnos Mountain goat (O. americanus) Ovibos Muskox (O. moschatus) Nilgiritragus Nilgiri tahr (N. hylocrius) Ovis Argali (O. ammon) Domestic sheep (O. aries) Bighorn sheep (O. canadensis) Dall sheep (O. dalli) Mouflon (O. gmelini) Snow sheep (O. nivicola) Urial (O. vignei) Pseudois Bharal (P. nayaur) Rupicapra Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica) Chamois (R. rupicapra)
Family Bovidae (subfamily Bovinae) Boselaphini Tetracerus Four-horned antelope (T. quadricornis) Boselaphus Nilgai (B. tragocamelus) Bovini Bubalus Wild water buffalo (B. arnee) Domestic water buffalo (B. bubalis) Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis) Tamaraw (B. mindorensis) Mountain anoa (B. quarlesi) Bos American bison (B. bison) European bison (B. bonasus) Bali cattle (B. domesticus) Gayal (B. frontalis) Gaur (B. gaurus) Domestic yak (B. grunniens) Zebu (B. indicus) Banteng (B. javanicus) Wild yak (B. mutus) Cattle (B. taurus) Pseudoryx Saola (P. nghetinhensis) Syncerus African buffalo (S. caffer) Tragelaphini Tragelaphus(including kudus) Nyala (T. angasii) Mountain nyala (T. buxtoni) Bongo (T. eurycerus) Lesser kudu (T. imberbis) Harnessed bushbuck (T. scriptus) Sitatunga (T. spekeii) Greater kudu (T. strepsiceros) Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) Taurotragus Giant eland (T. derbianus) Common eland (T. oryx)
Family Bovidae (subfamily Antilopinae) Antilopini Ammodorcas Dibatag (A. clarkei) Antidorcas Springbok (A. marsupialis) Antilope Blackbuck (A. cervicapra) Eudorcas Mongalla gazelle (E. albonotata) Red-fronted gazelle (E. rufifrons) Thomson's gazelle (E. thomsonii) Heuglin's gazelle (E. tilonura) Gazella Arabian gazelle (G. arabica) Chinkara (G. bennettii) Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri) Dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas) Mountain gazelle (G. gazella) Rhim gazelle (G. leptoceros) Speke's gazelle (G. spekei) Goitered gazelle (G. subgutturosa) Litocranius Gerenuk (L. walleri) Nanger Dama gazelle (N. dama) Grant's gazelle (N. granti) Bright's gazelle (N. notatus) Peter's gazelle (N. petersii) Soemmerring's gazelle (N. soemmerringii) Procapra Mongolian gazelle (P. gutturosa) Goa (P. picticaudata) Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii) Saigini Saiga Saiga antelope (S. tatarica) Neotragini Dorcatragus Beira (D. megalotis) Madoqua Günther's dik-dik (M. guentheri) Kirk's dik-dik (M. kirkii) Silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii) Salt's dik-dik (M. saltiana) Neotragus Royal antelope (N. pygmaeus) Nesotragus Bates' pygmy antelope (N. batesi) Suni (N. moschatus) Oreotragus Klipspringer (O. oreotragus) Ourebia Oribi (O. ourebi) Raphicerus Steenbok (R. campestris) Cape grysbok (R. melanotis) Sharpe's grysbok (R. sharpei) Cephalophini Cephalophus Aders's duiker (C. adersi) Brooke's duiker (C. brookei) Peters' duiker (C. callipygus) White-legged duiker (C. crusalbum) Bay duiker (C. dorsalis) Harvey's duiker (C. harveyi) Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki) White-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster) Red forest duiker (C. natalensis) Black duiker (C. niger) Black-fronted duiker (C. nigrifrons) Ogilby's duiker (C. ogilbyi) Ruwenzori duiker (C. rubidis) Red-flanked duiker (C. rufilatus) Yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor) Abbott's duiker (C. spadix) Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi) Zebra duiker (C. zebra) Philantomba Blue duiker (P. monticola) Maxwell's duiker (P. maxwellii) Walter's duiker (P. walteri) Sylvicapra Common duiker (S. grimmia)
Suborder Suina Suidae Babyrousa Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa) North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis) Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis) Hylochoerus Giant forest hog (H. meinertzhageni) Phacochoerus Desert warthog (P. aethiopicus) Common warthog (P. africanus) Porcula Pygmy hog (P. salvania) Potamochoerus Bushpig (P. larvatus) Red river hog (P. porcus) Sus Palawan bearded pig (S. ahoenobarbus) Bornean bearded pig (S. barbatus) Visayan warty pig (S. cebifrons) Celebes warty pig (S. celebensis) Domestic pig (S. domesticus) Flores warty pig (S. heureni) Oliver's warty pig (S. oliveri) Philippine warty pig (S. philippensis) Wild boar (S. scrofa) Timor warty pig (S. timoriensis) Javan warty pig (S. verrucosus) Tayassuidae Tayassu White-lipped peccary (T. pecari) Catagonus Chacoan peccary (C. wagneri) Dicotyles Collared peccary (D. tajacu)
Suborder Tylopoda Camelidae Lama Llama (L. glama) Guanaco (L. guanicoe) Alpaca (L. pacos) Vicuña (L. vicugna) Camelus Domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) Dromedary/Arabian camel (C. dromedarius) Wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus)
Suborder Whippomorpha Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus Hippopotamus (H. amphibius) Choeropsis Pygmy hippopotamus (C. liberiensis) Cetacea see Cetacea

Taxon identifiers
Gazella	Wikidata: Q190858 Wikispecies: Gazella ADW: Gazella BioLib: 33707 BOLD: 462576 CoL: 4MJB EoL: 15584 GBIF: 2441075 iNaturalist: 42251 ITIS: 624969 MSW: 14200551 NBN: NHMSYS0000376679 NCBI: 9933 Open Tree of Life: 540235 Paleobiology Database: 42774 Plazi: 9B849B66-7A1A-DAB4-81A3-628D63CBC67D ZooBank: 12E48718-E846-467A-BB16-9B47A8D5897D