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Author

Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan. Full Professor in Medicine,

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Ph.D , Grand Ph.D .

Senior Expert ofInteractiveClinicalPharmacology, Drug Safety,

Treatment Tactics, General Medicine and Clinical Research.

Introduction.

- Syndrome. group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition.

Skin color, or pigmentation, is dependent on genetic factors. It varies among ethnic groups and even among individuals of the same group. Essentially human skin color is different shades of brown coupled with the hue imparted by blood flowing in the superficial vessels within the skin. The primary contributor of skin color is the pigment known as melanin. The quantity of melanin in the skin varies based on genetic factors and is also dependent on the degree of sun exposure. Melanin is produced by specialized pigment cells known as melanocytes. It produces and stores the melanin within small sacs inside it, depositing specific amounts of the pigment in the skin as determined by genetics or UV light exposure. L A commonly used scale for skin color was developed by the Harvard dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick and is known as the Fitzpatrick Scale. This classifies the different skin tones ranging from type I to type VI.

Skin Color Problems

Changes leading to abnormal skin color includes :

-Whitening (hypopigmentation)

-Darkening (hyperpigmentation)

-Red

-Yellow

-Green

-Blue

Pigmentation is the coloring of a person's skin. When a person is healthy, his or her skin color will appear normal. In the case of illness or injury, the person's skin may change color, becoming darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation). Skin can show signs of an internal disease before the disease advances and becomes more serious; in other cases, a symptom is noticeable on the skin long after the disease begins causing damage internally. There are hundreds of nuances of the skin that could spell trouble, but a handful of general skin changes commonly signal an internal disease. In the most common example, yellowing of the skin can indicate liver disease. Noticeable darkening of creases in the skin, sun-exposed areas, joints, and old scars could be a sign of adrenal disease, such as Addison’s disease. Hyperpigmentation in skin is caused by an increase in melanin, the substance in the body that is responsible for color (pigment). Certain conditions, such as pregnancyor Addison's disease (decreased function of the adrenal gland), may cause a greater production of melanin and hyperpigmentation. Hyperpigmentation can also be caused by various drugs, including some antibiotics, antiarrhythmics,antimalarial drugs etc.

Hypopigmentation in skin is the result of a reduction in melanin production. Examples of hypopigmentation include vitiligo, albinism etc.

- Causes of Green Skin.

Some of the most common causes of green skin are anemia and discoloration from wearing certain kinds of jewelry.

Hypochromic anemia, once commonly known as chlorosis, is one potential cause of green skin. This condition results in the red blood cells lacking the normal level of hemoglobin that normally gives them their red color. Consequently, people with hypochromic anemia sometimes exhibit a green pallor to their skin. Other symptoms of the condition can include shortness of breath, headaches, and a lack of appetite, while potential causes include B deficiency, low iron absorption, certain types of infections, or even lead poisoning. Another cause of green skin is bruising, which generally involves internal bleeding into extracellular space within the skin. Bruises often initially appear reddish-blue or purple, which is due to the red pigmentation present in the blood's hemoglobin. This then breaks down into compounds like biliverdin, biliruben, and hemosiderin, each of which has a different color. Biliverdin in particular can have a greenish hue, and its presence in a bruise can cause the skin to appear green. A bruise often has many of these compounds present at any time during the healing process, so colors such as red, blue, green, yellow, and golden brown can all be present in a bruise. Though anemia and bruising can cause greenish skin colors, they typically won't result in a very bright green hue.

Anemia. Condition in which there is reduced delivery of oxygen to the tissues; it is not actually a disease but rather a symptom ofany of numerous different disorders and other conditions. The World Health Organization has defined anemia as ahemoglobin concentration below 7.5 mmol/L (12 g/dL) in women and below 8.1 mmol/L (13 g/dL) in men. -Green skin may also be caused by wearing certain jewelry. In particular, wearing accessories made of copper can have this effect. Perspiration from the skin may react with the copper, in effect corroding the surface of the jewelry and resulting in the same type of copper salts that cause copper-based items. -Jewelry made of copper or silver, and sometimes certain low grades of gold mixed with other cheaper metals, can cause green discoloration of the skin. The metal is oxidized by acids on the skin surface to discolor the skin underneath it. -Pseudomonas infection of the skin caused by bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause a slightly bluish-green tinge of the skin or green discoloration of an infected nail.

-Argyria or argyrosis (from Ancient Greek:argyros silver) is a condition caused by inappropriate exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver, or to silver dust.l The most dramatic symptom of argyria is that the skin turns blue or bluish-grey.

Skin can change color by eating certain foods.

Drugs and Skin Color.

Herbs and Skin Color.

To be continued ....

If you have any questions concerning ‘Green Man Syndrome’ , interactive clinical pharmacology or any other questions ,please inform me via Linkedin.

Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan

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Share 19 2 Comments Anandmayi Priyadarshini 9y

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great information..thanks for sharing!!

Like Reply 1 Reaction Dr Ali A.Mohamedi (M.D) 9y

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Interesting article. I liked it..

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