Historical Events On July 28 - On This Day

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• 388 Battle at Aquileja: Emperor Theodosius beats emperor Magnus Maximis
• 754 Pope Stephen II re-annoints Pepin de Korte (the Short) as King of France

1148 Crusaders abandon their siege of Damascus after only four days leading to the disintegration of the Second Crusade

• 1330 Battle of Velbuzd: Serbian forces defeat Bulgarian army
• 1434 Navigator Gil Eanes leaves Cape Bojador for Lisbon
• 1563 French army recaptures Le Havre after the English garrison surrenders after a siege
• 1579 Cardinal Granvelle returns to Madrid
• 1586 English astronomer and mathematician Thomas Harriot introduces potatoes to England on his return from Roanoke Island in modern-day North Carolina [date disputed]
• 1635 Spanish marshal Piccolomini conquers Schenkenschans
• 1696 De Croissy succeeds Le Plectia as French Minister of Finance
• 1708 Monarch Amangkurat II [Sunan Mas] of Mataram surrenders to the VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie / Dutch East India Company)
• 1717 Prussian King Frederik Willhelm I orders compulsory education for 5- to 12-year olds
• 1741 Danish Captain Vitus Bering, on a Russian expedition, is the first European to sight Mount Saint Elias, the second-highest mountain in Canada and the US

1742 Maria Theresa of Austria and Prussian King Frederick the Great sign a peace treaty in Berlin

1790 Henry James Pye appointed as British Poet Laureate by King George III

1794 French Revolutionary figure Maximilien Robespierre and 22 other leaders of "the Terror" are guillotined to thunderous cheers in Paris

1794 Joséphine de Beauharnais, future Empress of the French and first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, is released from prison five days after the execution of her first husband, Alexandre de Beauharnais

• 1800 Thames River Police is established by an act of British Parliament, replacing the earlier Marine Police (1798-1800) as the world's oldest continuously serving police force

1808 Mahmud II succeeds Mustafa IV as sultan of the Ottoman Empire

• 1821 Peru declares independence from Spain (National Day)

1828 First theatrical performance of Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein" as "Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein" by Richard Brinsley Peake, starring Thomas Potter Cooke at Covent Garden [1]

• 1835 Assassination attempt on French King Louis-Philippe in Paris, masterminded by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, kills 18 people with a 25-barrel volley gun; the king survives
• 1847 Denmark phases out slavery, beginning with all newborn children of enslaved women; the parent generation is freed the following year [1]
• 1849 Memnon is the first clipper to reach San Francisco from New York during the Gold Rush, arriving after a voyage of 120 days
• 1851 First photograph of a total solar eclipse is captured on a daguerreotype by Johann Julius Friedrich Berkowski at the Royal Observatory in Königsberg, Prussia
• 1858 First use of fingerprints as a means of identification is made by Sir William James Herschel of the Indian Civil Service
• 1858 French photographer and balloonist Nadar takes the first aerial photo of the French village of Petit-Bicêtre from a balloon 80 meters in the air
• 1862 Confederate forces defeated at More's Hill, Missouri

1864 Battle of Ezra Chapel: Union forces under Major General William T. Sherman defeat Confederate Lt. General John Bell Hood near Atlanta in Fulton County, Georgia

• 1864 Second day of the Battle of Deep Bottom Run, Virginia
• 1866 The metric system becomes a legal measurement system in the US

1868 US Secretary of State William H. Seward announces the ratification of the 14th Amendment by the states, granting citizenship to ex-slaves

• 1883 Shocks triggered by the volcano Epomeo on the Isle of Ischia, Italy, destroy 1,200 houses in Casamicciola and kill 2,000 people

1886 British Conservative government led by Lord Salisbury forms

1893 A petition organized by Kate Sheppard, demanding women's suffrage, is delivered to New Zealand's parliament, signed by over 25,000 women, a fifth of the adult European female population

• 1893 Vizcaya Bridge, the largest transporter bridge in the world designed by Basque architect Alberto de Palacio, opens over the River Ibaizabal [1]
• 1896 City of Miami is incorporated
• 1898 Spanish American War: U.S. Army occupies Ponce and declares victory in Puerto Rico over Spanish forces
• 1900 Louis Lassing creates the hamburger in Connecticut
• 1904 Interior Minister of Russia, Vyacheslav Plehve, is assassinated; as leader of the most reactionary elements of government, he is hated for his repressive policies
• 1904 Rafael Reyes becomes dictator of Colombia after losing Panama
• 1906 Yankees turn a triple play and defeat Cleveland 6-4
• 1911 96°F (35.6°C) in De Bilt, Netherlands
• 1914 Austria-Hungary decides against mediation and declares war on Serbia, the first declaration of war of World War I

1914 First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill orders British Grand Fleet to Scapa Flow

• 1914 Foxtrot is first danced at the New Amsterdam Roof Garden in New York City by Harry Fox

1915 Due to virtual anarchy, US Marines go ashore in Haiti on orders from President Woodrow Wilson, leading to an occupation that lasts until 1934

1917 Silent Parade organized by James Weldon Johnson, 10,000 African Americans march on Fifth Avenue in NYC to protest against lynching

• 1919 International Federation of Free Trade Unions ("Vrije Vakbewegings Internationale") forms in Amsterdam
• 1926 US and Panamanian pact about the safeguarding of the Panama Canal
• 1928 IX Summer Olympic Games open in Amsterdam, Netherlands
• 1929 Chicago Cardinals become first NFL team to train out of state (Michigan)
• 1930 114°F (46°C) recorded in Greensburg, Kentucky (state record)
• 1931 MLB Chicago White Sox score 11 in the 8th to beat the Yankees 14-12 in New York

1931 Mob hitman Mad Dog Coll allegedly participates in a kidnapping attempt that results in the shooting death of a child, which earns him the nickname "Mad Dog"

1932 "White Zombie," the first feature-length zombie film, directed by Victor Halperin and starring Bela Lugosi, is released in the US

1932 US President Herbert Hoover uses federal troops to evict the Bonus Army (WWI veterans and their families) from their encampment; four die

1933 First singing telegram delivered to Rudy Vallée in New York City

• 1933 NFL divides into two five-team divisions
• 1933 Spain recognizes the USSR
• 1934 118°F (48°C) recorded Orofino, Idaho (state record)
• 1937 Eddie Paynter scores 322 for Lancashire against Sussex
• 1937 Richard Moore scores 316 for Hampshire against Warwickshire
• 1938 34,000-ton Cunard-White Star liner Mauretania launches in Birkenhead, England
• 1939 Fifth Dutch government of Prime Minister Hendrikus Colijn falls
• 1940 Radio Orange begins broadcasting from London
• 1940 Yankee Charlie Keller hits three home runs to defeat White Sox 10-9
• 1942 Nazis murder 10,000 Jews in Minsk, Belarus Ghetto
• 1942 The Zionist partisans in Poland form the Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB) or Jewish Fighting Organization

1943 Italian Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini resigns

• 1943 Operation Gomorrah: RAF bombing over Hamburg causes a firestorm that kills 42,600 German civilians

1943 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces end of coffee rationing in US

1944 Adolf Hitler reroutes four divisions from southern France to Normandy

• 1944 US 8th Army Corps occupies Coutances, France
• 1945 "Elevator girl" Betty Lou Oliver survives falling 75 stories after fog causes a US bomber plane to crash into the Empire State Building, breaking the cables supporting the elevator she was operating. This remains a world record for the longest survived elevator fall
• 1945 Japanese premier Suzuki disregards US ultimatum to surrender

1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva arrive on the Pacific island of Tinian with the plutonium core used to assemble the Fat Man bomb used in the bombing of Nagasaki on August 9

• 1945 US Army B-25 crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building, killing 14

1945 US Senate ratifies United Nations charter 89-2

• 1947 Iuliu Maniu's Farmers' Party is banned in Romania
• 1948 IG Farben chemical plant explodes in Ludwigshafen, Germany, killing 182
• 1948 London's Metropolitan Police Flying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport"

1951 Walt Disney releases animated musical film "Alice In Wonderland," featuring Kathryn Beaumont, J. Pat O'Malley, Ed Wynn, and Sterling Holloway and songs by Sammy Fain and Bob Hilliard

1954 "On the Waterfront," directed by Elia Kazan and starring Marlon Brando and Eva Marie Saint, is released (Academy Awards Best Picture 1955)

1954 Ernest Bloch's 4th string quartet premieres

• 1955 The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France
• 1957 Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyūshū, Japan, kill 992
• 1957 MLB Chicago White Sox outfielder Jim Landis strikes out five times in a loss to the Orioles in Baltimore

1957 Rock and roll piano player-singer Jerry Lee Lewis makes his first TV appearance with a raucous rendition of "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" on "The Steve Allen Show"

• 1959 Hawaii's first US election sends first Asian Americans to Congress
• 1959 United Kingdom begins using postal codes

1960 US Republican National convention selects Richard Nixon as candidate

• 1962 19 die in a train crash in Steelton, Pennsylvania
• 1962 Mariner I, launched to Venus, falls into the Atlantic Ocean
• 1964 England is all out for 611 in reply to Australia's 8-656, and the match ends in a draw
• 1964 Ranger 7 is launched to the Moon and sends back 4,308 TV images

1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson sends 50,000 more soldiers to Vietnam, bringing the total to 125,000

• 1967 Pirate radio station 390 (Radio Invicta) in England closes down
• 1971 Dutch end censorship of "Blue Movie"

1971 Sixteen-time Gold Glover Brooks Robinson commits three errors in sixth inning

• 1972 39th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: Dallas 20, All-Stars 7 (54,162 attendees)
• 1973 600,000 attend the "Summer Jam" rock festival featuring The Grateful Dead, The Band, and The Allman Brothers Band at Watkins Glen, New York, at the time the largest ever audience at a pop festival
• 1973 France performs nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific
• 1973 NASA launches Skylab 3's astronauts (Alan Bean, Owen Garriott, and Jack Lousma) to the space station for a 59-day stay
• 1974 69 die when packed bus strikes heavy truck in Belem, Brazil
• 1975 The US Department of the Interior designates the grizzly bear a threatened species
• 1976 Eldon Joersz and Geo Morgan set a world airspeed record of 3,530 kph
• 1976 Tangshan Earthquake, 7.6 in magnitude, kills over 300,000 in northern China, the largest loss of life from an earthquake in the 20th century
• 1976 White Sox pitchers John Odom (5 innings) and Francisco Barrios (4 innings) no-hit the A's
• 1977 First oil through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System reaches Valdez, Alaska

1977 Legendary England cricket all-rounder Ian Botham on debut takes 5 for 74 in the Australian first innings in a seven-wicket third Test win at Trent Bridge

• 1977 Roy Wilkins turns over NAACP leadership to Benjamin Hooks
• 1978 At Old Timer's Game, it is announced that Martin will again manage the Yankees
• 1978 Price of gold tops $200 an ounce for the first time
• 1978 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan

1979 Dave Kingman becomes the sixth player to have a second three-home-run game

• 1979 France performs a nuclear test
• 1980 Peru adopts a constitution, and Fernando Belaúnde Terry becomes president
• 1983 NASA launches Telstar-3A
• 1983 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
• 1984 23rd modern Olympic Games open in Los Angeles
• 1985 Alan Garcia sworn in as President of Peru

1985 Lou Brock, Enos Slaughter, A Vaughan, and Hoyt Wilhelm are inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York

• 1986 Bomb attack in East Beirut kills 25
• 1986 NASA releases a transcript from the doomed Challenger; pilot Michael Smith can be heard saying, "Uh-oh!" as the spacecraft disintegrates

1987 Ángel Cordero Jr becomes fourth jockey to win 6,000 races

• 1988 IBM announces a price hike on older models
• 1988 Israeli diplomats arrive in Moscow for first visit in 21 years
• 1988 Jordan cancels $1.3 billion development plan in West Bank
• 1988 Winnie Mandella's home in Soweto, South Africa, destroyed by arson

1989 Braves' Dale Murphy hits two three-run home runs in an inning, becoming the 14th man to hit two home runs in an inning and ties the record of six RBIs in an inning

• 1989 Cardinals' Vince Coleman is caught stealing, ending his record streak at 50
• 1989 NASA's Lewis Research Center in Cleveland announces new high-temperature superconductors able to operate at 33 to 37 gigahertz

1989 Singer Gloria Estefan releases her debut solo album "Cuts Both Ways"

1990 Alberto Fujimori installed as President of Peru

• 1990 Blackout hits Chicago
• 1991 Buffalo Bills defeat Philadelphia Eagles 17-13 in American Bowl in Wembley

1991 Dennis Martínez pitches the 13th perfect game in baseball history

• 1992 Groundbreaking of Florida Marlins' 7,500-seat spring training stadium

1992 R&B singer Mary J. Blige releases her debut album "What's the 411?" with production by Puff Daddy

1993 Mariner Ken Griffey Jr. is 3rd to hit HRs in 8 straight games

• 1994 Baseball players decide to strike on August 12, 1994
• 1994 Last steel beam is placed on Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum in Cleveland, Ohio
• 1994 Texas Rangers pitcher Kenny Rogers throws the only perfect game in franchise history against the California Angels

1995 Art Modell's rep begins secrets talks to move the NFL team Cleveland Browns to Baltimore

• 1995 Norwegian Finance Minister Sigbjorn Johnsen says that Norway should not lower its crude oil production in an attempt to boost world oil prices
• 1996 Americans Karch Kiraly and Kent Steffes win inaugural beach volleyball gold medal at the Atlanta Olympics; Kiraly is first to win gold in indoor and beach events
• 1996 Kennewick Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, is discovered near Kennewick, Washington

1996 NY Yankee Darryl Strawberry hits his 300th home run

• 1997 Guatemala becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty

1997 NY Ranger center Mark Messier signs with Vancouver for $20 million over 3 years

• 1997 Peter Graf, father of Steffi, enters a German jail for tax evasion
• 2002 Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground
• 2005 A tornado touches down in a residential area in south Birmingham, England, causing £4,000,000 worth of damages and injuring 39 people
• 2005 The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its 30-year-long armed campaign in Northern Ireland
• 2008 Historic Weston-super-Mare Grand Pier burns down for a second time in 80 years
• 2012 18 people are killed and 11 injured in ethnic clashes in Ethiopia
• 2012 Ye Shiwen of China sets world record in the women's 400 m individual medley (4:28.43) to take the gold medal at the London Olympics
• 2013 39 people are killed after a bus veers off a bridge in Avellino Province, Italy

2014 Israel criticizes John Kerry's proposed ceasefire, stating that no ceasefire deal will be accepted without the destruction of tunnels leading from Gaza to Israel and the demilitarization of the Gaza Strip

2014 Linda Ronstadt receives the National Medal of Arts from President Barack Obama in a White House ceremony [1]

• 2014 Missiles strike near Gaza's main hospital and a nearby refugee camp on Monday, leaving 10 dead and many wounded; the Israeli Defence Force says they are not responsible
• 2014 UN Security Council hold emergency meeting calling for an immediate and indefinite humanitarian ceasefire between Israel and Hamas

2015 Pedro Martínez's number 45 is retired by the Boston Red Sox

• 2016 Earliest evidence of cancer is found in a 1.7 million-year-old toe fossil from Swartkrans Cave, South Africa, published in the South African Journal of Science

2017 General John Kelly appointed new Chief of Staff by US President Donald Trump

2017 Pakistan Supreme Court rules corruption accusations against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif are enough to remove him from office

2017 US Senate vote for "skinny" repeal of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) fails 51-49 as John McCain casts the deciding vote against

• 2018 Carr Fire reaches Redding, California, with the death toll at 5, having burned 80,000 acres
• 2018 Longest "blood moon" eclipse of the 21st century, lasting 1 hour and 43 minutes
• 2019 Evian Championship Women's Golf, Evian Resort GC: South Korean Ko Jin-young wins her second major title of the season by two strokes from Shanshan Feng, Jennifer Kupcho and Kim Hyo-joo
• 2019 First Fortnite World Cup is won by US teenager Kyle Giersdorf with the largest ever esports prize of $3 million at Arthur Ashe Stadium, New York

2019 Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, is revealed as the first guest editor for UK Vogue in 103 years for its September 2019 issue

2020 Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak is found guilty of corruption, sentenced to 12 years, and fined nearly $50 million

• 2020 Iter, the world's largest nuclear fusion project, begins assembly in Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
• 2021 19-year-old gymnast Daiki Hashimoto of Japan becomes youngest Olympic men's artistic individual all-around champion in history at the Tokyo Games

2021 Australian swimmer Ariarne Titmus claims an Olympic double by winning the women's 200 m freestyle in an Olympic record time of 1:53.50 in Tokyo; 2 days earlier, she defeated American superstar Katie Ledecky in the 400 m freestyle

• 2021 Japanese swimmer Yui Ohashi wins the women's individual medley double with a victory in the 200 m individual medley at the Tokyo Olympics; 3 days earlier, she won the 400 m individual medley gold medal
• 2022 Final episodes of TV soap "Neighbours" air in Australia after 37 years [1]
• 2022 Flooding in Garrett County, eastern Kentucky, kills at least 37 people, with more missing, and puts four million people in Kentucky and surrounding states under flood alert [1]
• 2022 Opening ceremony for the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England, featuring giant animatronic bull [1]
• 2022 Saudi Arabia unveils plans for a futuristic 106-mile one-building city, "The Line," to house 9 million people, powered by renewable energy sources with no roads [1]
• 2023 Scientists genetically engineer female animals to reproduce without a male for the first time using fruit flies [1]
• 2023 Typhoon Doksuri makes landfall in China's southeastern Fujian province, causing landslides and flooding, and goes on to flood Beijing, killing at least 11 people [1]
• 2024 American fencers Lee Kiefer and Lauren Scruggs go 1-2 in the women's foil at the Paris Olympics; Kiefer successfully defends her gold medal from 2020
• 2025 Cambridge researchers discover a 4,000-year-old Egyptian handprint [1]
• 2025 India overtakes China as the top exporter of smartphones to the United States, accounting for 44% of US imports as Apple shifts manufacturing to New Delhi due to increased tariff threats [1]
• 2061 31st predicted perihelion passage of Halley's Comet

• 27 Jul
• Historical Events Calendar
• Jul 29

• 

  Just Perfect! Torvill And Dean Skate To Glory

  July 27, 1958
• 

  Vivaldi Dies On ‘Black Day’ of July 28

  July 28, 1741
• 

  Johann Sebastian Bach, The Pop Chart Wizard!

  July 28, 1750
• 

  William Wilberforce’s Fight Against Slavery

  July 29, 1833

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