How Are Coral Reef Formed? - Science ABC

Coral reefs form from the skeletons of dead coral that have built up over time. These reefs are created through a symbiotic relationship between the coral and single-celled algae. As the coral dies, the reef breaks into pieces and compact.

Our planet displays astonishing biodiversity. It is brimming with complex ecosystems harboring a plethora of diverse living organisms that share a unique relationship with their surroundings. This relationship is essential for a thriving ecosystem; an imbalance can result in enormous damage to the flora and fauna.

A well-balanced ecosystem provides the necessary conditions for natural evolution to create complex interdependencies between different species and enables the varying life forms we see. One particularly diverse ecosystem is found underwater, the importance of which can only be grasped in knowing that it houses 25% of all marine life, while occupying less than 2% of the ocean floor. These sub-aquatic megacities are called Coral Reefs.

The outreach of the coral ecosystem is not restricted to those species remaining underwater, but also affects terrestrial animals, including humans. It helps in providing food, protects shorelines and creates jobs for people, whether through its natural medicines or function as a tourist attraction. It is estimated that the value coral reefs provide is $ 172 billion in the U.S. alone each year.

In return, we, the terrestrial animals, pose a great threat to the balance of this ecosystem by excessive and destructive fishing, pollution, greenhouse emissions, and endless other harmful practices. In order to protect and maintain a thriving coral ecosystem, it is imperative to understand what they are and how they’re formed, so let’s “dive” in.

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