How Long Do Flea Bites Last? - FleaScience

Summary

After a flea bites, skin in the area immediately rises (wheals). The wheal fades in a few hours. Within 24 hours, an itchy papule (welt) appears. It begins waning after 48-72 hours, and is completely gone within a week. Scratching a flea bite will delay the healing time.

Details

Immediate Reactions: 2-4 hours

Wheals

Whealing occurs immediately after a flea bites. A wheal is an area of elevated skin that’s sometimes surrounded by reddening. The reaction is slightly itchy, but it fades quickly and doesn’t cause much irritation. The inflammation peaks within a few hours, and is completely gone 12 hours later.

Delayed Reactions: 2-7 days

Papules

A papule replaces the wheal 12 to 24 hours after the bite. A papule is a hard, raised bump. It can be red and swollen. Papules are extremely itchy, reaching their maximum intensity 24 hours following the bite. Papules begin waning on day two, and are often barely recognizable by the third day. Sometimes the lesion persists for 2 weeks. After fading, a pale red mark remains for around a week.

Blisters

Occasionally, allergic individuals experience a more extreme delayed reaction. In these cases, blisters (bullae) form on the second or third days. The reaction peaks 72 hours after the bite.

Secondary Infections: 4-6 weeks

Rubbing flea bites can re-trigger whealing and extend the healing time. Scratching the lesions can break open skin, release fluid, and cause crusting. This frequently leads to a secondary infection. When a flea bite gets infected, the lesion fills with pus and takes the form of a pustule or boil. The infection heals over 4 to 6 weeks, but skin remains discolored for longer.

Rare Circumstances: up to 2 years

Prolonged Effects

Some individuals are more sensitive to flea bites than others. Bites typically only persist for a few days. However, sometimes they last for weeks or months. In rare cases, there can be a prolonged effect that lasts a year or two. These bites are sometimes misdiagnosed as benign or cancerous lesions.

Immunity

Other individuals, who are regularly exposed to fleas, may not react at all to the bites. Those with immunity only see a slight reddening of the skin, and this fades within a few minutes. However, the red puncture mark lasts for 3 to 4 days.

References

{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:94GHZR4J};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:CSIP2MBC};{1543244:94GHZR4J};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:U58SQPNU};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:CSIP2MBC};{1543244:CSIP2MBC};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:94GHZR4J};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:CSIP2MBC};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:94GHZR4J};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:94GHZR4J};{1543244:RNQW36E5};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:94GHZR4J};{1543244:CSIP2MBC};{1543244:U58SQPNU};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:U58SQPNU};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:4KSATQ5W};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:U58SQPNU};{1543244:4KSATQ5W};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:4KSATQ5W};{1543244:E2D5F6Q9};{1543244:QSQQEJ8D};{1543244:RPV5UXG4};{1543244:RPV5UXG4};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I};{1543244:5HCW7Z6I} nature default asc 0 1922 %7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A750%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22PZBXPTTX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amonkar%20and%20Reeves%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221970-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAmonkar%2C%20S.%20V.%20%26amp%3B%20Reeves%2C%20E.%20L.%20Mosquito%20control%20with%20active%20principle%20of%20garlic%2C%20Allium%20sativum.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ.%20Econ.%20Entomol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B63%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201172%26%23x2013%3B1175%20%281970%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mosquito%20control%20with%20active%20principle%20of%20garlic%2C%20Allium%20sativum%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amonkar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reeves%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%201970%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-0493%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-04-05T20%3A16%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EZ5JR68P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rajan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRajan%2C%20T.%20V.%2C%20Hein%2C%20M.%2C%20Porte%2C%20P.%20%26amp%3B%20Wikel%2C%20S.%20A%20double-blinded%2C%20placebo-controlled%20trial%20of%20garlic%20as%20a%20mosquito%20repellant%3A%20a%20preliminary%20study.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMed.%20Vet.%20Entomol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B19%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2084%26%23x2013%3B89%20%282005%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20double-blinded%2C%20placebo-controlled%20trial%20of%20garlic%20as%20a%20mosquito%20repellant%3A%20a%20preliminary%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rajan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wikel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20hypothesis%20that%20the%20ingestion%20of%20garlic%20provides%20protection%20against%20bloodsucking%20pests%20such%20as%20mosquitoes%20was%20investigated%20using%20a%20randomized%2C%20double-blinded%2C%20placebo-controlled%20crossover%20study.%20Subjects%20were%20asked%20to%20consume%20either%20garlic%20%28one%20visit%29%20or%20a%20placebo%20%28the%20other%20visit%29.%20They%20were%20then%20exposed%20to%20laboratory-reared%20Aedes%20aegypti%20%28Linnaeus%29%20%28Diptera%3A%20Culicidae%29.%20The%20numbers%20of%20mosquitoes%20that%20did%20not%20feed%20on%20the%20subjects%2C%20the%20number%20of%20mosquito%20bites%2C%20the%20weights%20of%20the%20mosquitoes%20after%20feeding%20and%20the%20amounts%20of%20blood%20ingested%20were%20determined.%20The%20data%20did%20not%20provide%20evidence%20of%20significant%20systemic%20mosquito%20repellence.%20A%20limitation%20of%20the%20study%20is%20that%20more%20prolonged%20ingestion%20of%20garlic%20may%20be%20needed%20to%20accomplish%20repellence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%202005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.0269-283X.2005.00544.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220269-283X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-04-05T20%3A10%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226M7RNDRE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ranstam%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001-01-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRanstam%2C%20J.%20Garlic%20as%20a%20Tick%20Repellent.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJAMA%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B285%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2041%26%23x2013%3B42%20%282001%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Garlic%20as%20a%20Tick%20Repellent%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranstam%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20the%20Editor%3A%20Ms%20Stjernberg%20and%20Dr%20Berglund%20recently%20presented%20a%20randomized%2C%20double-blind%2C%20crossover%20trial%20of%20garlic%20to%20prevent%20tick%20bites%20among%20Swedish%20milita%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%5C%2F01%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjama.285.1.39%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220098-7484%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-04-05T20%3A10%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FDCLC8MS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stjernberg%20and%20Berglund%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000-08-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BStjernberg%2C%20L.%20%26amp%3B%20Berglund%2C%20J.%20Garlic%20as%20an%20insect%20repellent.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJAMA%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B284%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20831%20%282000%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Garlic%20as%20an%20insect%20repellent%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stjernberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berglund%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%2016%2C%202000%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220098-7484%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-04-05T20%3A03%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RXRTYR6D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Monnig%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221950%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMonnig%2C%20H.%20O.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVeterinary%20Helminthology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%28The%20Williams%20%26amp%3B%20Wilkins%20Company%2C%20Baltimore%2C%201950%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Veterinary%20Helminthology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Monnig%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221950%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-21T22%3A34%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BUEHB397%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pugh%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221987%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPugh%2C%20R.%20E.%20Effects%20on%20the%20development%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20and%20on%20the%20host%20reaction%20to%20this%20parasite%20in%20the%20adult%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParasitol.%20Res.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B73%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20171%26%23x2013%3B177%20%281987%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20on%20the%20development%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20and%20on%20the%20host%20reaction%20to%20this%20parasite%20in%20the%20adult%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pugh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Temperature%20was%20found%20to%20be%20a%20major%20factor%20affecting%20the%20development%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20a%20host%20reaction%20of%20adult%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20to%20D.%20caninum.%20Adult%20fleas%20reared%20at%2030-32%20degrees%20C%20contained%20fully%20developed%20metacestodes%20when%20they%20emerged%20from%20their%20cocoons.%20However%20at%20lower%20temperatures%2C%20D.%20caninum%20could%20not%20complete%20development%20until%20the%20flea%20hosts%20had%20spent%20some%20time%20on%20their%20mammalian%20hosts.%20It%20was%20the%20surface%20temperature%20of%20the%20mammals%20%2831-36%20degrees%20C%29%20and%20not%20the%20fleas%26%23039%3B%20blood%20meals%20which%20resulted%20in%20the%20metacestodes%20completing%20their%20development.%20This%20development%20of%20D.%20caninum%20was%20therefore%20independent%20of%20the%20flea%20development.%20At%2020%20degrees%20C%2C%20a%20larger%20and%20more%20prolonged%20host%20reaction%20was%20mounted%20than%20at%20higher%20temperatures.%20The%20larval%20flea%20diet%20had%20a%20small%20effect%20on%20the%20subsequent%20cestode%20development%20and%20the%20adult%20fleas%26%23039%3B%20reaction%20to%20it.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221987%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220932-0113%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-21T21%3A43%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EQKFMURJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fourie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFourie%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20Crafford%2C%20D.%2C%20Horak%2C%20I.%20G.%20%26amp%3B%20Stanneck%2C%20D.%20Prophylactic%20treatment%20of%20flea-infested%20dogs%20with%20an%20imidacloprid%20%5C%2F%20flumethrin%20collar%20%28Seresto%26%23xAE%3B%2C%20Bayer%29%20to%20preempt%20infection%20with%20Dipylidium%20caninum.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParasitol.%20Res.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B112%20Suppl%201%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2033%26%23x2013%3B46%20%282013%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prophylactic%20treatment%20of%20flea-infested%20dogs%20with%20an%20imidacloprid%20%5C%2F%20flumethrin%20collar%20%28Seresto%5Cu00ae%2C%20Bayer%29%20to%20preempt%20infection%20with%20Dipylidium%20caninum%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josephus%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fourie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dionne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crafford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivan%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stanneck%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20objective%20of%20the%20study%20was%20to%20determine%20the%20sustained%20effectiveness%20of%2010%20%25%20imidacloprid%20and%204.5%20%25%20flumethrin%2C%20incorporated%20in%20a%20slow-release%20matrix%20collar%2C%20in%20preventing%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20infection%20in%20dogs%20after%20repeated%20laboratory%20infestations%20with%20fleas%20infected%20with%20metacestodes%20of%20this%20tapeworm.%20Efficacy%20against%20infection%20with%20D.%20caninum%20was%20evaluated%20by%20infesting%2016%20dogs%20with%20cat%20fleas%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%29%20on%20study%20days%207%2C%2014%2C%2021%2C%2028%2C%2035%20and%2042%2C%20from%20batches%20suitably%20infected%20with%20D.%20caninum%20metacestodes.%20Prior%20to%20each%20post-treatment%20infestation%20the%20D.%20caninum%20infection%20rate%20for%20the%20fleas%20was%20determined%20by%20microscopically%20examining%20100%20fleas%20for%20D.%20caninum%20metacestodes.%20The%20D.%20caninum%20prevalence%20in%20the%20fleas%20used%20for%20infestations%20ranged%20from%2023%20%25%20to%2052%20%25.%20Medicated%20collars%20were%20fitted%20to%208%20of%20the%20dogs%20on%20study%20day%200.%20The%20weight%20of%20the%20IVP%20collars%20varied%20between%2035.48%20g%20and%2038.48%20g%20%28average%2037.16%20g%29%2C%20whilst%20animal%20weight%20varied%20between%2012.20%20kg%20and%2017.98%20kg%20%28treated%20group%2C%20n%20%3D%208%2C%20average%2014.79%20kg%29.%20Seven%20days%20later%20infestation%20of%20each%20of%20the%2016%20dogs%20with%20250%20fleas%20commenced.%20Infestations%20continued%20at%20weekly%20intervals%20until%20Day%2042%20with%20efficacy%20against%20fleas%20evaluated%2024%20hours%20after%20each%20infestation.%20From%20Days%2021%20to%2074%2C%20infection%20of%20the%20dogs%20with%20D.%20caninum%20was%20verified%20%28daily%20examination%20of%20faeces%20and%20cages%20for%20the%20presence%20of%20expelled%20proglottids%29.%20Calculation%20of%20prophylactic%20effectiveness%20of%20the%20collars%20in%20preventing%20infection%20with%20D.%20caninum%20was%20based%20on%20the%20difference%20in%20geometric%20mean%20numbers%20of%20scoleces%20between%20groups%20at%20necropsy%20on%20Day%2075.%20Effective%20prevention%20of%20infection%20with%20D.%20caninum%20was%20found%20to%20be%2096.6%20%25.%20Efficacy%20of%20the%20collars%20against%20fleas%20was%20%5Cu2265%2099.9%20%25%20for%20the%20duration%20of%20the%20assessment%20period.%20Newly%20acquired%20infestations%20of%20fleas%20are%20rapidly%20eliminated%20by%20the%20insecticidal%20components%20of%20the%20medicated%20collars%20over%20a%20period%20of%20several%20months.%20In%20the%20event%20of%20fleas%20being%20infected%20with%20metacestodes%2C%20with%20D.%20caninum%20can%20be%20prevented%20in%20collared%20dogs%2C%20concurrently%20reducing%20the%20likelihood%20of%20transmission%20to%20humans.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00436-013-3279-5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221432-1955%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-21T21%3A40%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228YUJJ93L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cap%5Cu00e1ri%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-02-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCap%26%23xE1%3Bri%2C%20B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Parasitic%20infections%20of%20domestic%20cats%2C%20Felis%20catus%2C%20in%20western%20Hungary.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVet.%20Parasitol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B192%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2033%26%23x2013%3B42%20%282013%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Parasitic%20infections%20of%20domestic%20cats%2C%20Felis%20catus%2C%20in%20western%20Hungary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cap%5Cu00e1ri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Visser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pfister%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rehbein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22During%202011%2C%20faeces%20from%20235%20owned%20domestic%20cats%20from%20a%20rural%20area%20in%20western%20Hungary%20were%20examined%20using%20standard%20coproscopical%20techniques.%20The%20overall%20prevalence%20of%20cats%20with%20endoparasites%20was%2039.6%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2033.3-46.1%29.%20The%20most%20frequently%20identified%20faecal%20forms%20were%20those%20of%20ascarids%20%28Toxocara%2C%2017.4%25%3B%20Toxascaris%207.2%25%29%2C%20followed%20by%20those%20of%20Aelurostrongylus%20lungworms%20%2814.5%25%29%2C%20hookworms%20%2811.1%25%29%2C%20taeniid%20cestodes%20%284.7%25%29%2C%20Cystoisospora%20coccidians%20%284.3%25%29%2C%20and%20capillarids%20%283.8%25%29.%20Single%20and%20multiple%20infections%20with%20up%20to%20five%20parasites%20concurrently%20were%20founded%20in%2024.7%25%20and%2014.9%25%20of%20the%20cats%2C%20respectively.%20Mixed%20endoparasite%20infections%20were%20recorded%20more%20frequently%20%28p%3D0.0245%29%20in%20cats%20greater%20than%20one%20year%20old%20compared%20to%20younger%20cats.%20Young%20cats%20%28%5Cu2264%201%20year%29%20were%20parasitized%20more%20frequently%20%28p%26lt%3B0.05%29%20with%20ascarids%20and%20Cystoisospora%20spp.%20but%20demonstrated%20infections%20of%20hookworms%2C%20lungworms%20and%20taeniid%20cestodes%20less%20often%20than%20the%20older%20cats.%20Cats%20with%20taeniid%20infection%20were%20more%20likely%20%28p%26lt%3B0.05%29%20to%20harbour%20Toxocara%2C%20hookworm%2C%20Aelurostrongylus%2C%20and%20capillarid%20infections%20than%20cats%20without%20taeniid%20cestodes.%20Cats%20of%20owners%20who%20claimed%20the%20use%20of%20wormers%20were%20less%20frequently%20helminth-positive%20compared%20to%20cats%20whose%20owners%20did%20not%20use%20anthelmintics%20%2821.2%25%20vs.%2044.4%25%3B%20p%3D0.001%29.%20A%20subset%20of%20115%20faecal%20samples%20screened%20by%20a%20coproantigen%20ELISA%20revealed%20Giardia-specific%20antigen%20in%2037.4%25%20samples.%20Giardia%20cysts%20were%20found%20by%20immunofluorescent%20staining%20in%2030%20of%20the%2043%20samples%20tested%20positive%20for%20Giardia%20by%20ELISA.%20In%20addition%2C%20ectoparasites%20collected%20from%2082%20cats%20by%20body%20search%20and%20combing%20were%20identified.%20Fleas%20%281-30%20per%20cat%29%2C%20biting%20lice%20%28Felicola%20subrostratus%29%2C%20and%20ticks%20%281-5%20per%20cat%29%20were%20isolated%20from%2058%2C%201%20and%2043%20cats%2C%20respectively.%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20was%20identified%20on%20all%20flea%20infested%20cats%20while%20single%20specimens%20of%20C.%20canis%20and%20Pulex%20irritans%20were%20recovered%20from%20three%20and%20two%20cats%2C%20respectively.%20All%20but%20one%20tick%20collected%20were%20adult%20Ixodes%20ricinus%3B%20the%20single%20other%20tick%20was%20a%20nymph%20of%20I.%20canisuga.%20By%20providing%20basic%20data%20on%20the%20epidemiology%20of%20parasitic%20infections%2C%20the%20results%20of%20this%20survey%20should%20emphasize%20the%20need%20of%20attending%20to%20parasites%20of%20cats%20from%20the%20veterinary%20point%20of%20view%20with%20respect%20to%20both%20appropriate%20diagnostics%20and%20control.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%2018%2C%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.vetpar.2012.11.011%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221873-2550%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T23%3A03%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VFRAXMF9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mircean%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-07-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMircean%2C%20V.%2C%20Titilincu%2C%20A.%20%26amp%3B%20Vasile%2C%20C.%20Prevalence%20of%20endoparasites%20in%20household%20cat%20%28Felis%20catus%29%20populations%20from%20Transylvania%20%28Romania%29%20and%20association%20with%20risk%20factors.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVet.%20Parasitol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B171%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20163%26%23x2013%3B166%20%282010%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prevalence%20of%20endoparasites%20in%20household%20cat%20%28Felis%20catus%29%20populations%20from%20Transylvania%20%28Romania%29%20and%20association%20with%20risk%20factors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Viorica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mircean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adriana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Titilincu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cozma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vasile%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20no%20current%20information%20regarding%20the%20prevalence%20of%20parasites%20in%20Romanian%20cats.%20Consequently%2C%20we%20conducted%20a%20study%20to%20evaluate%20the%20prevalence%20of%20endoparasites%20in%20a%20sample%20of%20household%20cats%20in%20the%20Transylvania%20region%2C%20to%20point%20out%20the%20risk%20factors%20for%20parasite%20infection%20and%20to%20evaluate%20the%20knowledge%20of%20cat%20owners%20about%20the%20zoonotic%20potential%20of%20some%20parasites.%20Four%20hundred%20fourteen%20faecal%20samples%20were%20collected%20and%20examined%20by%20sodium%20chloride%20flotation%20followed%20by%20microscopy.%20Also%2C%20questionnaires%20were%20administered%20to%20cat%20owners%20%28196%29.%20The%20overall%20prevalence%20of%20endoparasites%20in%20household%20cats%20was%2034.3%25%20%28142%5C%2F414%3B%20CI%2029.8-39.1%29.%20Concurrent%20infections%20with%20two%20or%20more%20parasites%20were%20recorded%20in%2017.6%25%20cats.%20The%20detected%20parasites%20were%20Toxocara%20cati%20%2820.3%25%29%2C%20Ancylostoma%20spp.%20%2810.1%25%29%2C%20Isospora%20rivolta%20%288.9%25%29%2C%20Isospora%20felis%20%285.3%25%29%2C%20Aelurostrongylus%20abstrusus%20%285.6%25%29%2C%20Strongyloides%20spp.%20%283.4%25%29%2C%20Capillaria%20aerophila%20%283.1%25%29%2C%20Taenia%20taeniaeformis%20%282.7%25%29%2C%20T.%20gondii%5C%2FH.%20hammondi%20%281.2%25%29%2C%20Sarcocystis%20spp.%20%281%25%29%2C%20Giardia%20duodenalis%20%280.7%25%29%20and%20Dypillidium%20caninum%20%280.2%25%29.%20Risk%20factors%20for%20infection%20with%20parasites%20in%20cats%20were%20identified%20to%20be%20age%20and%20medium%20%28rural%20or%20urban%20area%29.%20Thus%2C%20I.%20felis%2C%20I.%20rivolta%20and%20T.%20cati%20were%20more%20common%20in%20cats%20less%20than%5C%2Fequal%20to%201-year%20old%2C%20and%20Ancylostoma%20spp.%20and%20A.%20abstrusus%20were%20more%20prevalent%20in%20cats%20older%20than%201-year%20of%20age.%2072.4%25%20of%20the%20owners%20applied%20anthelmintic%20treatments%20to%20their%20cats%2C%20more%20commonly%20in%20urban%20areas%20%2887.3%25%29%20%284%20treatments%5C%2Fyear%29%20than%20in%20rural%20areas%20%2812.7%25%29%20%281%20treatment%5C%2Fyear%29.%2066.3%25%20of%20the%20owners%20knew%20about%20the%20zoonotic%20potential%20of%20some%20parasites%20from%20cats%2C%20and%20the%20main%20source%20of%20information%20was%20veterinarians%20%2865.4%25%29.%20In%20conclusion%20the%20prevalence%20of%20endoparasites%20in%20household%20cats%20from%20Transylvania%20is%20high.%20Consequently%2C%20consideration%20should%20be%20given%20to%20the%20use%20of%20anthelmintics%20and%20to%20pet%20owner%20education.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jul%2015%2C%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.vetpar.2010.03.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221873-2550%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T23%3A01%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227MPZ967R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cant%5Cu00f3%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCant%26%23xF3%3B%2C%20G.%20J.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Prevalence%20of%20fleas%20and%20gastrointestinal%20parasites%20in%20free-roaming%20cats%20in%20central%20Mexico.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPLoS%20ONE%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20e60744%20%282013%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prevalence%20of%20fleas%20and%20gastrointestinal%20parasites%20in%20free-roaming%20cats%20in%20central%20Mexico%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Germinal%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cant%5Cu00f3%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guerrero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olvera-Ram%5Cu00edrez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Feliciano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mili%5Cu00e1n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mosqueda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguilar-Tipacam%5Cu00fa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20prevalence%20of%20fleas%20and%20gastrointestinal%20parasites%20in%20free-roaming%20and%20domestic%20cats%20in%20central%20Mexico%20was%20evaluated.%20Three%20hundred%20and%20fifty%20eight%20cats%20captured%20in%20the%20street%20or%20brought%20in%20by%20owners%20to%20the%20Animal%20Control%20Center%20Unit%2C%20a%20unit%20of%20State%20Government%2C%20from%20June%202010%20to%20May%202011%2C%20were%20included%20in%20the%20study.%20All%20cats%20were%20examined%20for%20the%20presence%20of%20fleas%20and%20gastrointestinal%20worms.%20One-hundred%20and%20ninety%20%2853%25%29%20cats%20were%20infested%20with%20at%20least%20one%20flea%20species.%20Single%20infestations%20were%20observed%20in%20106%20%2830%25%29%20cats%20and%20mixed%20infestations%20in%2084%20%2823%25%29%20cats.%20Four%20species%20of%20fleas%20were%20recovered%3A%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20in%2053%25%20of%20the%20cats%2C%20C.%20canis%20in%2018%25%2C%20Echidnophaga%20gallinacea%20in%207%25%20and%20Pulex%20irritans%20in%201%25.%20One-hundred%20and%20sixty%20three%20%2845%25%29%20cats%20were%20infected%20with%20one%20or%20more%20species%20of%20gastrointestinal%20parasites%3A%2048%20%2813%25%29%20with%20nematodes%2C%20145%20%2840%25%29%20with%20cestodes%2C%20and%20one%20animal%20presented%20Moniliformis%20moniliformis.%20Prevalences%20and%20mean%20intensity%20of%20infection%20were%3A%20Physaloptera%20praeputialis%207%20and%2018%3B%20T.%20cati%203%20and%202%3B%20Ancylostoma%20tubaeforme%202.5%20and%202%3B%20Toxascaris%20leonina%200.5%20and%202%3B%20Dipylidium%20caninum%2036%20and%2032%3B%20Taenia%20taeniformis%204%20and%203%20and%20Moniliformis%20moniliformis%200.3%20and%20106%2C%20respectively.%20There%20was%20significant%20association%20%28P%26lt%3B0.01%29%2C%20between%20season%20and%20ectoparasites%20load%2C%20more%20fleas%20were%20obtained%20in%20the%20summer%20and%20autumn%20than%20in%20the%20winter%20and%20spring%3B%20however%2C%20no%20statistical%20difference%20was%20observed%20for%20endoparasites%20load%20%28P%26gt%3B0.05%29.%20The%20correlation%20between%20the%20total%20number%20of%20ectoparasites%20and%20endoparasites%20was%20not%20significant%20%28r%20%3D%200.089%2C%20P%20%3D%200.094%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0060744%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T21%3A24%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RVZBLPQ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Avelar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3Bde%20Avelar%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Bussolotti%2C%20A.%20S.%2C%20do%20Carmo%20A%20Ramos%2C%20M.%20%26amp%3B%20Linardi%2C%20P.%20M.%20Endosymbionts%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%20obtained%20from%20dogs%20captured%20in%20Belo%20Horizonte%2C%20Minas%20Gerais%2C%20Brazil.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ.%20Invertebr.%20Pathol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B94%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20149%26%23x2013%3B152%20%282007%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Endosymbionts%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%20obtained%20from%20dogs%20captured%20in%20Belo%20Horizonte%2C%20Minas%20Gerais%2C%20Brazil%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Avelar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adamastor%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bussolotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22do%20Carmo%20A%20Ramos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linardi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Specimens%20of%20fleas%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%281052%20female%20symbol%5C%2F448%20male%20symbol%29%2C%20obtained%20from%20150%20dogs%20in%20Centro%20de%20Controle%20de%20Zoonoses%20de%20Belo%20Horizonte%2C%20Minas%20Gerais%2C%20Brazil%2C%20were%20dissected%20and%20examined%20for%20endosymbionts.%20Three%20protozoan%2C%20Nolleria%20pulicis%2C%20a%20gregarine%20%28Actinocephalidae%29%20and%20Leptomonas%20sp.%2C%20together%20with%20one%20cestode%2C%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20were%20identified.%20Infections%20by%20N.%20pulicis%20and%20Leptomonas%20sp.%20occurred%20mainly%20in%20the%20warm-rainy%20period.%20The%20prevalence%20and%20distribution%20of%20these%20endosymbionts%20in%20fleas%20derived%20from%20Brazil%20and%20South%20America%2C%20and%20the%20their%20variation%20according%20to%20sex%20and%20season%2C%20are%20reported%20for%20the%20first%20time.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jip.2006.10.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2011%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T21%3A22%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225MHJK4UF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Scaramozzino%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-04-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BScaramozzino%2C%20P.%2C%20Carvelli%2C%20A.%2C%20Iacoponi%2C%20F.%20%26amp%3B%20De%20Liberato%2C%20C.%20Endoparasites%20in%20household%20and%20shelter%20dogs%20from%20Central%20Italy.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInt%20J%20Vet%20Sci%20Med%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B6%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2045%26%23x2013%3B47%20%282018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Endoparasites%20in%20household%20and%20shelter%20dogs%20from%20Central%20Italy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scaramozzino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carvelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iacoponi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Liberato%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Intestinal%20and%20respiratory%20parasites%20are%20among%20the%20most%20common%20pathogens%20in%20dogs%20and%20some%20of%20them%20are%20recognized%20as%20zoonotic%20agents.%20In%20Italy%2C%20various%20taxa%20have%20been%20reported%2C%20with%20variable%20prevalence%20estimates%20depending%20on%20study%20area%2C%20dog%20category%20and%20coprological%20exam%20technique.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20report%20the%20results%20of%20six%20years%20of%20passive%20surveillance.%20In%20the%20period%20January%202006-December%202012%2C%202%2C775%20dog%20faecal%20samples%20from%20Lazio%20Region%20%28Central%20Italy%29%2C%20were%20examined%20for%20parasites%2C%201%2C156%20from%20household%20and%201%2C619%20from%20shelter%20dogs%2C%20respectively.%20The%20following%20parasites%20were%20detected%3A%20Giardia%20duodenalis%2C%20Cystoisospora%20sp.%2C%20Ancylostomatidae%2C%20Toxocara%20canis%2C%20Toxascaris%20leonina%2C%20Trichuris%20vulpis%2C%20Eucoleus%20b%5Cu00f6hmi%2C%20Eucoleus%20aerophilus%2C%20Mesocestoides%20sp.%2C%20Taeniidae%20and%20Dipylidium%20caninum.%20Helminths%20were%20more%20frequent%20than%20protozoa%2C%20with%20total%20prevalences%20of%2029.1%25%20and%2010.7%25%2C%20respectively.%20T.%20vulpis%20and%20Ancylostomatidae%20were%20the%20most%20common%20parasites%2C%20with%20prevalences%20of%209.9%25%20and%209.6%25%20respectively.%20T.%20vulpis%20and%20Ancylostomatidae%20were%20significantly%20more%20prevalent%20in%20shelter%20dogs%20than%20in%20household%20ones.%20T.%20canis%20and%20Cystoisospora%20sp.%20were%20significantly%20more%20frequent%20in%20household%20dogs.%2C%20The%20assessment%20of%20the%20prevalence%20in%20sheltered%20and%20in%20household%20dogs%20is%20useful%20to%20infer%20the%20occurrence%20of%20different%20parasites%20in%20the%20origin%20population%20and%20to%20plan%20possible%20control%20intervention.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-4-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ijvsm.2018.04.003%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222314-4599%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T21%3A10%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223ISIH4ZE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Symeonidou%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSymeonidou%2C%20I.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Feline%20gastrointestinal%20parasitism%20in%20Greece%3A%20emergent%20zoonotic%20species%20and%20associated%20risk%20factors.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParasit%20Vectors%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20227%20%282018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Feline%20gastrointestinal%20parasitism%20in%20Greece%3A%20emergent%20zoonotic%20species%20and%20associated%20risk%20factors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isaia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Symeonidou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Athanasios%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gelasakis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Konstantinos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arsenopoulos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Athanasios%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Angelou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beugnet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papadopoulos%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Feline%20gastrointestinal%20parasitism%20constitutes%20an%20issue%20of%20concern%20for%20veterinarians%20since%20parasites%20are%20widespread%20and%20affect%20animals%26%23039%3B%20health%20and%20welfare.%20Furthermore%2C%20some%20of%20these%20pathogens%20have%20zoonotic%20potential.%20To%20provide%20detailed%20data%20on%20the%20current%20epizootiology%20of%20feline%20endoparasitism%2C%20a%20multicentric%20survey%20was%20conducted%20during%202016.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Faeces%20from%201150%20cats%20were%20collected%20from%20all%20regions%20of%20Greece%20and%20examined%20by%20sedimentation%20and%20flotation%20techniques.%20Possible%20risk%20factors%20including%20gender%2C%20age%2C%20ownership%20status%2C%20living%20conditions%20and%20co-infections%20with%20other%20parasites%20were%20assessed%20using%20binary%20regression%20models%20for%20each%20one%20of%20the%20most%20prevalent%20parasites.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20The%20overall%20gastrointestinal%20parasite%20prevalence%20in%20cats%20was%2050.7%25.%20The%20study%20population%20consisted%20of%20cats%20of%20both%20sexes%2C%20different%20age%20groups%2C%20ownership%20status%20and%20living%20conditions.%20A%20total%20of%2010%20gastrointestinal%20parasitic%20species%20were%20detected%20and%20up%20to%205%20different%20parasites%20were%20isolated%20in%20the%20same%20faecal%20sample.%20The%20most%20frequently%20identified%20parasites%20were%20Toxocara%20cati%20%28n%20%3D%20278%3B%2024.2%25%29%2C%20followed%20by%20Cystoisospora%20spp.%20%28n%20%3D%20189%3B%2016.4%25%29%2C%20Ancylostomatidae%20%28n%20%3D%20186%3B%2016.2%25%29%2C%20Aelurostrongylus%20abstrusus%20%28n%20%3D%2040%3B%203.5%25%29%2C%20Giardia%20spp.%20%28n%20%3D%2026%3B%202.3%25%29%2C%20Joyeuxiella%20pasqualei%20%28n%20%3D%2014%3B%201.2%25%29%2C%20Capillaria%20aerophila%20%28n%20%3D%208%3B%200.7%25%29%2C%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20%28n%20%3D%203%3B%200.2%25%29%2C%20Toxascaris%20leonina%20%28n%20%3D%202%3B%200.1%25%29%20and%20Troglostrongylus%20brevior%20%28n%20%3D%202%3B%200.1%25%29.%20The%20occurrence%20of%20co-infections%20was%2011.6%25.%20Concerning%20risk%20factors%2C%20the%20likelihood%20of%20T.%20cati%20infection%20was%20higher%20for%20female%20cats%20living%20outdoors%20and%20for%20cats%20being%20infected%20with%20Cystoisospora%20spp.%20In%20the%20same%20frame%2C%20young%2C%20stray%2C%20male%20and%20free%20of%20A.%20abstrusus%20cats%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20infected%20with%20Cystoisospora%20spp.%20Correspondingly%2C%20stray%2C%20infected%20with%20Giardia%20spp.%20but%20free%20of%20Cystoisospora%20spp.%20cats%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20infected%20with%20Ancylostomatidae.%20Regarding%20A.%20abstrusus%20infection%2C%20a%20higher%20probability%20was%20reported%20for%20cats%20living%20outdoors%20and%20for%20cats%20free%20of%20Cystoisospora%20spp.%2C%20while%20Giardia%20spp.%20infections%20were%20more%20common%20in%20young%20and%20co-infected%20with%20Ancylostomatidae%20animals.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20prevalence%20of%20parasitized%20cats%20in%20Greece%20was%20high%20and%20thus%20consideration%20should%20be%20paid%20to%20control%20the%20risk%20factors%2C%20to%20implement%20targeted%20preventive%20antiparasitic%20treatments%20and%20educate%20cat%20owners%20on%20the%20value%20of%20prevention%20for%20the%20health%20and%20welfare%20of%20their%20cats.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2204%2004%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs13071-018-2812-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221756-3305%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T21%3A10%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228CZ7RA8V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beugnet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-09-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBeugnet%2C%20F.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Occurrence%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20in%20fleas%20from%20client-owned%20cats%20and%20dogs%20in%20Europe%20using%20a%20new%20PCR%20detection%20assay.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVet.%20Parasitol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B205%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20300%26%23x2013%3B306%20%282014%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Occurrence%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20in%20fleas%20from%20client-owned%20cats%20and%20dogs%20in%20Europe%20using%20a%20new%20PCR%20detection%20assay%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9ric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beugnet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labuschagne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josephus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fourie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillot%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacques%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farkas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cozma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00e9na%5Cu00efg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Halos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Klaus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Knaus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steffen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rehbein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ctenocephalides%20fleas%20are%20not%20only%20the%20most%20prevalent%20ectoparasites%20of%20dogs%20and%20cats%20but%20also%20the%20intermediate%20host%20of%20the%20cestode%20Dipylidium%20caninum.%20Due%20to%20the%20poor%20sensitivity%20of%20coproscopy%20to%20diagnose%20cat%20and%20dog%20infestation%20by%20Dipylidium%2C%20few%20epidemiological%20data%20are%20available%20on%20its%20prevalence%20among%20pet%20populations.%20A%20new%20PCR%20method%20was%20developed%20to%20specifically%20identify%20D.%20caninum%20rDNA%20inside%20single%20fleas.%20The%20PCR%20test%20was%20then%20applied%20to%205529%20fleas%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20genus%2C%202701%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20fleas%20%281969%20collected%20on%20435%20cats%20and%20732%20on%20178%20dogs%29%20and%202828%20Ctenocephalides%20canis%20fleas%20collected%20from%20396%20dogs.%20Precisely%2C%204.37%25%20of%20cats%20were%20infested%20by%20a%20flea%20population%20infected%20with%20D.%20caninum.%20Out%20of%20the%201969%20C.%20felis%20from%20cats%2C%202.23%25%20were%20found%20to%20be%20infected%20with%20Dipylidium.%20From%20the%20396%20dogs%20infested%20with%20C.%20canis%2C%209.1%25%25%20were%20infested%20with%20the%20Dipylidium%20infected%20fleas%2C%20which%20is%20significantly%20higher%20than%20the%20observation%20made%20in%20cats%20%28p%3D0.03%29.%20Moreover%2C%203.1%25%20of%20the%20C.%20canis%20fleas%20were%20found%20to%20be%20infected%20with%20Dipylidium%2C%20which%20is%20not%20significantly%20different%20than%20in%20C.%20felis.%20Looking%20at%20the%20number%20of%20infected%20fleas%20in%20the%20positive%20samples%20%28at%20least%20one%20PCR%20positive%20flea%20in%20a%20sample%29%2C%20the%20infestation%20rate%20in%20samples%20was%20varied%20from%203%20to%20100%25%20with%20an%20average%20of%2019.7%25%20which%20is%20in%20favour%20of%20easy%20and%20regular%20Dipylidium%20reinfestations%20of%20both%20cats%20and%20dogs%20in%20households.%20For%20the%20first%20time%2C%20the%20spread%20of%20D.%20caninum%20between%20fleas%20and%20dogs%20and%20cats%20is%20confirmed%20throughout%20Europe.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%2015%2C%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.vetpar.2014.06.008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221873-2550%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-19T21%3A04%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M2CW9PUG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBaker%2C%20D.%20G.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFlynn%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Parasites%20of%20Laboratory%20Animals%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%28Blackwell%20Publishing%2C%20Ames%2C%20Iowa%2C%202007%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Flynn%27s%20Parasites%20of%20Laboratory%20Animals%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-18T20%3A51%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D2JEILZ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Elston%20and%20Do%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BElston%2C%20D.%20M.%20%26amp%3B%20Do%2C%20H.%20What%26%23x2019%3Bs%20eating%20you%3F%20Cat%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%29%2C%20Part%201%3A%20Clinical%20features%20and%20role%20as%20a%20disease%20vector.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCutis%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B85%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20231%26%23x2013%3B236%20%282010%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%27s%20eating%20you%3F%20Cat%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%29%2C%20Part%201%3A%20Clinical%20features%20and%20role%20as%20a%20disease%20vector%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dirk%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Huy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Do%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220011-4162%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T23%3A22%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F483ZVR4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Abdullah%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-02-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAbdullah%2C%20S.%2C%20Helps%2C%20C.%2C%20Tasker%2C%20S.%2C%20Newbury%2C%20H.%20%26amp%3B%20Wall%2C%20R.%20Pathogens%20in%20fleas%20collected%20from%20cats%20and%20dogs%3A%20distribution%20and%20prevalence%20in%20the%20UK.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParasites%20%26amp%3B%20Vectors%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B12%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2071%20%282019%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pathogens%20in%20fleas%20collected%20from%20cats%20and%20dogs%3A%20distribution%20and%20prevalence%20in%20the%20UK%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swaid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdullah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Helps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e9verine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tasker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hannah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newbury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wall%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%29%20are%20the%20most%20clinically%20important%20ectoparasites%20of%20dogs%20and%20cats%20worldwide.%20Rising%20levels%20of%20pet%20ownership%2C%20climate%20change%20and%20globalisation%20are%20increasing%20the%20importance%20of%20a%20detailed%20understanding%20of%20the%20endemicity%20and%20prevalence%20of%20flea-borne%20pathogens.%20This%20requires%20continued%20surveillance%20to%20detect%20change.%20This%20study%20reports%20a%20large-scale%20survey%20of%20pathogens%20in%20fleas%20collected%20from%20client-owned%20cats%20and%20dogs%20in%20the%20UK.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%206%2C%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs13071-019-3326-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221756-3305%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T21%3A16%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HNNC7KB7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yadav%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYadav%2C%20S.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Medical%20management%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20infected%20female%20cat%3A%20A%20case%20report.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInternational%20Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Studies%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B7%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20550%26%23x2013%3B552%20%282019%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Medical%20management%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20infected%20female%20cat%3A%20A%20case%20report%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Supriya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yadav%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pankaj%20Kumar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Desh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deepak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sonam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bhatt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sawita%20Kumari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22SK%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dixit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20female%20cat%20aged%202%20year%20was%20presented%20to%20the%20Referral%20Veterinary%20Polyclinic%2C%20IVRI%20Izatnagar%20with%20complaint%20of%20continuous%20crying%2C%20weakness%2C%20inappetence%2C%20discomfort%20and%20anal%20rubbing.%20Physical%20examination%20of%20cat%20revealed%20flea%20infestation%20and%20faecal%20examination%20revealed%20the...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F330338316_Medical_management_of_Dipylidium_caninum_infected_female_cat_A_case_report%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T21%3A13%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WBM3YIHL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Saini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSaini%2C%20V.%20K.%2C%20Gupta%2C%20S.%2C%20Kasondra%2C%20A.%2C%20Rakesh%2C%20R.%20L.%20%26amp%3B%20Latchumikanthan%2C%20A.%20Diagnosis%20and%20therapeutic%20management%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20in%20dogs%3A%20a%20case%20report.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ%20Parasit%20Dis%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B40%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201426%26%23x2013%3B1428%20%282016%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diagnosis%20and%20therapeutic%20management%20of%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20in%20dogs%3A%20a%20case%20report%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vijesh%20Kumar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Snehil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arjun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kasondra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rakesh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Latchumikanthan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20present%20study%20is%20related%20to%20Dipylidium%20caninum%20infection%20in%20dogs.%20Three%20dogs%20about%201%5Cu00a0year%20of%20age%20with%20the%20history%20of%20scooting%20behaviour%20and%20passing%20diarrhoeic%20stool%20containing%20white%20specks%20were%20presented%20before%20the%20clinicians.%20Physical%20examination%20of%20dogs%20revealed%20flea%20infestation%20and%20faecal%20examination%20revealed%20the%20presence%20of%20gravid%20segments%2C%20which%20were%20confirmed%20microscopically%20to%20be%20of%20cestode%2C%20D.%20caninum.%20Dogs%20were%20treated%20with%20Praziquantel%405%5Cu00a0mg%5C%2Fkg%20body%20wt.%20orally.%20Dogs%20showed%20marked%20recovery%20post%20treatment.%20On%20re-examination%20after%20a%20week%2C%20faeces%20were%20found%20negative%20for%20any%20parasitic%20eggs%5C%2Fgravid%20segments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Dec%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12639-015-0706-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220971-7196%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T21%3A05%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224XICXJI3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mencke%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMencke%2C%20N.%20Therapy%2C%20control%20and%20prevention%20of%20flea%20infestation%20in%20companion%20animals.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BProceedings%20of%20the%208th%20International%20Symposium%20on%20Ectoparasites%20of%20Pets%20%28ISEP%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2041%26%23x2013%3B43%20%282005%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Therapy%2C%20control%20and%20prevention%20of%20flea%20infestation%20in%20companion%20animals%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mencke%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T19%3A58%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224FWFWJMJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T19%3A56%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226KVB6LIZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-14T19%3A56%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F4F3XNYA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rust%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-10-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRust%2C%20M.%20K.%20The%20Biology%20and%20Ecology%20of%20Cat%20Fleas%20and%20Advancements%20in%20Their%20Pest%20Management%3A%20A%20Review.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInsects%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20%282017%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Biology%20and%20Ecology%20of%20Cat%20Fleas%20and%20Advancements%20in%20Their%20Pest%20Management%3A%20A%20Review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rust%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20cat%20flea%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Bouch%5Cu00e9%29%20is%20the%20most%20important%20ectoparasite%20of%20domestic%20cats%20and%20dogs%20worldwide.%20It%20has%20been%20two%20decades%20since%20the%20last%20comprehensive%20review%20concerning%20the%20biology%20and%20ecology%20of%20C.%20f.%20felis%20and%20its%20management.%20Since%20then%20there%20have%20been%20major%20advances%20in%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20diseases%20associated%20with%20C.%20f.%20felis%20and%20their%20implications%20for%20humans%20and%20their%20pets.%20Two%20rickettsial%20diseases%2C%20flea-borne%20spotted%20fever%20and%20murine%20typhus%2C%20have%20been%20identified%20in%20domestic%20animal%20populations%20and%20cat%20fleas.%20Cat%20fleas%20are%20the%20primary%20vector%20of%20Bartonella%20henselae%20%28cat%20scratch%20fever%29%20with%20the%20spread%20of%20the%20bacteria%20when%20flea%20feces%20are%20scratched%20in%20to%20bites%20or%20wounds.%20Flea%20allergic%20dermatitis%20%28FAD%29%20common%20in%20dogs%20and%20cats%20has%20been%20successfully%20treated%20and%20tapeworm%20infestations%20prevented%20with%20a%20number%20of%20new%20products%20being%20used%20to%20control%20fleas.%20There%20has%20been%20a%20continuous%20development%20of%20new%20products%20with%20novel%20chemistries%20that%20have%20focused%20on%20increased%20convenience%20and%20the%20control%20of%20fleas%20and%20other%20arthropod%20ectoparasites.%20The%20possibility%20of%20feral%20animals%20serving%20as%20potential%20reservoirs%20for%20flea%20infestations%20has%20taken%20on%20additional%20importance%20because%20of%20the%20lack%20of%20effective%20environmental%20controls%20in%20recent%20years.%20Physiological%20insecticide%20resistance%20in%20C.%20f.%20felis%20continues%20to%20be%20of%20concern%2C%20especially%20because%20pyrethroid%20resistance%20now%20appears%20to%20be%20more%20widespread.%20In%20spite%20of%20their%20broad%20use%20since%201994%2C%20there%20is%20little%20evidence%20that%20resistance%20has%20developed%20to%20many%20of%20the%20on-animal%20or%20oral%20treatments%20such%20as%20fipronil%2C%20imidacloprid%20or%20lufenuron.%20Reports%20of%20the%20perceived%20lack%20of%20performance%20of%20some%20of%20the%20new%20on-animal%20therapies%20have%20been%20attributed%20to%20compliance%20issues%20and%20their%20misuse.%20Consequentially%2C%20there%20is%20a%20continuing%20need%20for%20consumer%20awareness%20of%20products%20registered%20for%20cats%20and%20dogs%20and%20their%20safety.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Oct%2027%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Finsects8040118%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222075-4450%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-13T23%3A21%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C54HXQGW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beck%20and%20Pfister%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBeck%2C%20W.%20%26amp%3B%20Pfister%2C%20K.%20Recent%20investigations%20on%20the%20population%20dynamics%20of%20cat%20fleas%20and%20the%20concept%20of%20integrated%20flea%20control.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDer%20Praktische%20Tierarzt%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B85%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20555%26%23x2013%3B563%20%282004%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Recent%20investigations%20on%20the%20population%20dynamics%20of%20cat%20fleas%20and%20the%20concept%20of%20integrated%20flea%20control%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pfister%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%202004%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-13T23%3A15%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UARV9JJK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yiguan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYiguan%2C%20W.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3Bet%20al.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Influence%20of%20Bloodmeal%20Host%20on%20Blood%20Feeding%2C%20Egg%20Production%2C%20and%20Offspring%20Sex%20Ratio%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ%20Med%20Entomol%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B53%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20888%26%23x2013%3B893%20%282016%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Influence%20of%20Bloodmeal%20Host%20on%20Blood%20Feeding%2C%20Egg%20Production%2C%20and%20Offspring%20Sex%20Ratio%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yiguan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qiyong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cannan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wenlong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Duan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henglu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wenzhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fajun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fengxia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract.%20%20%20The%20cat%20flea%2C%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Bouch%5Cu00e9%29%2C%20feeds%20on%20different%20host%20species%2C%20causing%20annoyance%20or%20transmitting%20disease%20agents.%20In%20this%20study%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F07%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fjme%5C%2Ftjw026%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-11T01%3A43%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222F9AKXNP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fadok%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221984-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFadok%2C%20V.%20Challenge%20your%20clients%20to%20gain%20control%20of%20fleas%20in%20the%20environment.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVeterinary%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B79%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201039%26%23x2013%3B1044%20%281984%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Challenge%20your%20clients%20to%20gain%20control%20of%20fleas%20in%20the%20environment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valerie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fadok%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%201984%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-10T21%3A30%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JJNHFI54%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Peres%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPeres%2C%20G.%2C%20Yugar%2C%20L.%20B.%20T.%20%26amp%3B%20Haddad%20Junior%2C%20V.%20Breakfast%2C%20lunch%2C%20and%20dinner%20sign%3A%20a%20hallmark%20of%20flea%20and%20bedbug%20bites.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAn%20Bras%20Dermatol%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B93%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20759%26%23x2013%3B760%20%282018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Breakfast%2C%20lunch%2C%20and%20dinner%20sign%3A%20a%20hallmark%20of%20flea%20and%20bedbug%20bites%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lara%20Buonalumi%20Tacito%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yugar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vidal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haddad%20Junior%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Human%2C%20dog%2C%20and%20cat%20fleas%2C%20as%20well%20as%20bedbugs%2C%20feed%20by%20biting%20their%20victims%2C%5Cncausing%20acute%20prurigo%2C%20which%20is%20aggravated%20in%20sensitized%20victims%20%28papular%5Cnurticaria%29.%20The%20lesions%20appear%20in%20the%20classic%20%26quot%3Bbreakfast%2C%20lunch%2C%20and%20dinner%26quot%3B%5Cnpattern.%20There%20are%20two%20main%20explanations%3A%20the%20parasites%20%26quot%3Bmap%26quot%3B%20the%20skin%20area%20in%5Cnsearch%20of%20the%20best%20places%20to%20bite%2C%20and%20their%20removal%20when%20victim%20scratches%2C%20and%5Cnthen%20reattach%20to%20the%20skin.%20Treatments%20aim%20to%20control%20pruritus%2C%20as%20well%20as%5Cnhypersensitivity%20reactions%20when%20necessary.%20Prevention%20is%20based%20on%20environmental%5Cncontrol%20measures.%20The%20%26quot%3Bbreakfast%2C%20lunch%2C%20and%20dinner%26quot%3B%20sign%20is%20a%20definitive%20marker%5Cnfor%20diagnosis%20and%20the%20parasite%5Cu00b4s%20identification%20and%20control.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1590%5C%2Fabd1806-4841.20187384%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220365-0596%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC6106677%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-10T21%3A02%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22964LA2FD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bertolotto%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221835%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBertolotto%2C%20L.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20History%20of%20the%20Flea%3B%20with%20Notes%20and%20Observations%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%28Crozier%2C%201835%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20history%20of%20the%20flea%3B%20with%20notes%20and%20observations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertolotto%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221835%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-07T19%3A49%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EI7XSBZM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Franc%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFranc%2C%20M.%2C%20Bouhsira%2C%20%26%23xC9%3B.%20%26amp%3B%20Beugnet%2C%20F.%20Direct%20transmission%20of%20the%20cat%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%29%20between%20cats%20exhibiting%20social%20behaviour.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParasite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20%282013%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Direct%20transmission%20of%20the%20cat%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%29%20between%20cats%20exhibiting%20social%20behaviour%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franc%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c9milie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouhsira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9ric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beugnet%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20study%20design%20was%20created%20to%20assess%20the%20potential%20for%20fleas%20to%20infest%20cats%20directly%20from%20other%20cats.%20In%20the%20first%20experiment%2C%20six%20cats%20were%20infested%20with%20100%20fleas%20each%20and%20then%20immediately%20put%20in%20contact%20with%20six%20flea-free%20cats%20for%2024%5Cu00a0h.%20After%20removal%20of%20all%20fleas%20the%20study%20was%20repeated%20and%20the%20contact%20between%20cats%20lasted%2048%5Cu00a0h.%20The%20total%20numbers%20of%20fleas%20recovered%20out%20of%20the%20600%20fleas%20deposited%20on%20the%206%20donor%20cats%20after%20each%20infestation%20were%20499%20and%20486%20at%2024%5Cu00a0h%20and%2048%5Cu00a0h%20respectively.%20At%201%5Cu00a0h%20post-contact%2C%20five%20fleas%20were%20found%20on%20the%20receiver%20cats%2C%20with%20three%20cats%20having%20one%20flea%20and%20one%20cat%2C%20two%20fleas.%20The%20number%20of%20fleas%20recovered%20on%20receiver%20cats%20increased%20towards%20the%20end%20of%20the%20study.%20At%2024%5Cu00a0h%2C%2020%25%20of%20the%20fleas%20were%20found%20on%20the%20receiver%20cats%2C%20and%20at%2048%5Cu00a0h%2C%2023%25.%20In%20a%20second%20experiment%2C%20the%20six%20flea-free%20cats%20were%20put%20in%20contact%20with%20the%20six%20donor%20cats%20which%20were%20each%20infested%20by%20100%20fleas%2048%5Cu00a0h%20before.%20Fewer%20fleas%20were%20found%20on%20the%20receiver%20cats%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a015%29%2C%20representing%203.8%25%20of%20all%20fleas%20recovered%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0403%29.%20All%20the%20observed%20fleas%20had%20fed.%20The%20fleas%20collected%20on%20receiving%20cats%20comprised%2010%20males%20and%205%20females%2C%20and%204%20of%20the%205%20females%20were%20engorged%20and%20contained%20eggs.%20The%20fleas%20collected%20on%20donor%20cats%20comprised%20153%20males%20and%20235%20females%2C%20they%20were%20all%20fed%20and%20all%20females%20contained%20eggs.%20This%20experiment%20demonstrated%20that%20gravid%20female%20fleas%20have%20a%20tendency%20to%20become%20permanently%20but%20not%20exclusively%20parasitic.%20Nevertheless%2C%20a%20few%20can%20change%20their%20cat%20host%20in%20as%20little%20as%201%5Cu00a0h%2C%20which%20may%20play%20a%20role%20in%20the%20rapid%20introduction%20of%20a%20new%20flea%20population%20into%20a%20cat%20environment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1051%5C%2Fparasite%5C%2F2013050%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221252-607X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC3852276%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-02T20%3A52%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ELMLCUKM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ridge%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRidge%2C%20G.%20E.%20Cat%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%20%28Bouche%29%29.%20Preprint%20at%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fportal.ct.gov%5C%2FCAES%5C%2FFact-Sheets%5C%2FEntomology%5C%2FCat-Flea%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fportal.ct.gov%5C%2FCAES%5C%2FFact-Sheets%5C%2FEntomology%5C%2FCat-Flea%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%282016%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cat%20flea%20%28Ctenocephalides%20felis%20%28Bouche%29%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gale%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ridge%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fportal.ct.gov%5C%2FCAES%5C%2FFact-Sheets%5C%2FEntomology%5C%2FCat-Flea%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-02T00%3A24%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227XE5QEXQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bruet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBruet%2C%20V.%2C%20Bourdeau%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Roussel%2C%20A.%2C%20Imparato%2C%20L.%20%26amp%3B%20Desfontis%2C%20J.-C.%20Characterization%20of%20pruritus%20in%20canine%20atopic%20dermatitis%2C%20flea%20bite%20hypersensitivity%20and%20flea%20infestation%20and%20its%20role%20in%20diagnosis.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVet.%20Dermatol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B23%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20487-e93%20%282012%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characterization%20of%20pruritus%20in%20canine%20atopic%20dermatitis%2C%20flea%20bite%20hypersensitivity%20and%20flea%20infestation%20and%20its%20role%20in%20diagnosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bruet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourdeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roussel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Latitia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Imparato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Claude%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Desfontis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20In%20dogs%2C%20flea%20infestation%20%28FI%29%2C%20flea%20bite%20hypersensitivity%20%28FBH%29%20and%20canine%20atopic%20dermatitis%20%28CAD%29%20have%20been%20mainly%20characterized%20by%20their%20lesions%20but%20never%20by%20their%20pruritus.%20In%20clinical%20practice%2C%20many%20of%20these%20dogs%20exhibit%20only%20pruritus.%5CnHYPOTHESIS%5C%2FOBJECTIVES%3A%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20evaluate%20the%20characteristics%20of%20pruritus%20in%20these%20dermatoses%20and%20their%20potential%20usefulness%20for%20diagnosis.%5CnANIMALS%3A%20Dogs%20included%20were%20selected%20from%20the%20Oniris%20clinical%20data.%20Cases%20were%20selected%20in%20which%20the%20dogs%20had%20only%20one%20of%20the%20three%20dermatoses%20diagnosed.%20The%20diagnosis%20of%20CAD%20was%20based%20on%20Pr%5Cu00e9laud%26%23039%3Bs%20criteria%20and%20positive%20intradermal%20tests%20except%20flea%3B%20for%20FBH%20by%20compatible%20clinical%20signs%20and%20a%20response%20to%20an%20intradermal%20test%20with%20flea%20allergen%3B%20and%20for%20FI%20by%20the%20presence%20of%20fleas.%20Moreover%2C%20in%20each%20group%2C%20other%20primary%20pruritic%20skin%20diseases%20were%20excluded.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Location%2C%20behavioural%20manifestations%2C%20seasonality%20and%20quantification%20of%20the%20pruritus%20were%20evaluated.%20The%20statistical%20analysis%20used%20chi-squared%20test%20with%20a%20P-value%20%26lt%3B0.05.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Three%20hundred%20and%20forty-six%20dogs%20were%20analysed%2C%2091%20with%20CAD%2C%20110%20FI%20and%20145%20FBH.%20The%20period%20%28season%29%20of%20onset%20was%20not%20statistically%20different%20either%20for%20each%20dermatosis%20or%20among%20the%20three%20dermatoses.%20Some%20locations%20were%20highly%20specific%20for%20one%20dermatosis%20as%20follows%3A%20ventral%20abdomen%5C%2Fmedial%20surface%20of%20thigh%20%28chewing%29%20and%20radius%5C%2Fcarpus%5C%2Ftibia%5C%2Ftarsus%20%28chewing%29%20in%20FI%3B%20back%5C%2Fdorsolumbar%20area%20%28chewing%29%20and%20tail%20%28chewing%29%20in%20FBH%3B%20and%20paws%20%28chewing%5C%2Flicking%29%20and%20face%5C%2Fneck%20%28rubbing%29%20in%20CAD.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%20AND%20CLINICAL%20IMPORTANCE%3A%20Some%20features%20of%20pruritus%20could%20be%20suggestive%20of%20the%20causal%20disease%2C%20with%20possible%20diagnostic%20value%20in%20pruritic%20dogs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Dec%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-3164.2012.01092.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-3164%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-03-01T21%3A35%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PX2V8VTG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Reierson%20and%20Rust%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BReierson%2C%20D.%20A.%20%26amp%3B%20Rust%2C%20M.%20K.%20Characterization%20of%20the%20Insecticidal%20Activity%20of%20Fragrance%20Oils%20Against%20the%20German%20Cockroach.%20Preprint%20at%20%281996%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characterization%20of%20the%20Insecticidal%20Activity%20of%20Fragrance%20Oils%20Against%20the%20German%20Cockroach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donald%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reierson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rust%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-16T06%3A05%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I9RQQWFH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Patterson%20and%20Khalil%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221990%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPatterson%2C%20R.%20S.%20%26amp%3B%20Khalil%2C%20M.%20S.%20The%20effect%20of%20some%20commercial%20boron%20compounds%20on%20the%20emergence%20of%20the%20adult%20cat%20flea%20Ctenocephalides%20felis.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSci.%20J.%20Fac.%20Sci.%20Monoufia%20Univ.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3BIV%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2041%26%23x2013%3B50%20%281990%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20effect%20of%20some%20commercial%20boron%20compounds%20on%20the%20emergence%20of%20the%20adult%20cat%20flea%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khalil%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221990%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-07T20%3A21%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226CHZR4QM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cox%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCox%2C%20C.%20Pesticide%20Factsheet%3A%20Boric%20Acid%20and%20Borates.%20Preprint%20at%20%282004%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pesticide%20Factsheet%3A%20Boric%20Acid%20and%20Borates%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cox%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Summer%202004%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-05T22%3A08%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GQN2Y3T3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Klotz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221994-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKlotz%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20Moss%2C%20J.%20I.%2C%20Zhao%2C%20R.%2C%20Davis%2C%20L.%20R.%20%26amp%3B%20Patterson%2C%20R.%20S.%20Oral%20toxicity%20of%20boric%20acid%20and%20other%20boron%20compounds%20to%20immature%20cat%20fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ.%20Econ.%20Entomol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B87%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201534%26%23x2013%3B1536%20%281994%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Oral%20toxicity%20of%20boric%20acid%20and%20other%20boron%20compounds%20to%20immature%20cat%20fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klotz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patterson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Oral%20toxicity%20was%20characterized%20in%20first-instar%20cat%20fleas%2C%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Bouch%5Cu00e9%29%2C%20feeding%20on%20dried%20blood%20treated%20with%20boric%20acid.%20LC50%20values%20ranged%20from%202.11%25%20after%2024%20h%20to%200.21%25%20after%207%20d.%20In%20carpet%20tests%20with%20five%20different%20boron%20compounds%20and%20a%20number%20of%20different%20formulations%2C%20significant%20mortality%20for%20first%20instars%20was%20observed%20in%20all%20cases.%20In%20similar%20tests%20with%20prepupae%20and%20cocoons%2C%20there%20was%20no%20significant%20effect%20on%20mortality.%20The%20importance%20of%20these%20results%20is%20discussed%20in%20light%20of%20current%20application%20procedures%20for%20boron%20compounds%2C%20and%20suggestions%20are%20made%20for%20future%20research.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Dec%201994%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-0493%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-05T22%3A01%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UVJQPVD2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hinkle%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221995-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHinkle%2C%20N.%20C.%2C%20Koehler%2C%20P.%20G.%20%26amp%3B%20Patterson%2C%20R.%20S.%20Larvicidal%20effects%20of%20boric%20acid%20and%20disodium%20octaborate%20tetrahydrate%20to%20cat%20fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ.%20Med.%20Entomol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B32%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20424%26%23x2013%3B427%20%281995%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Larvicidal%20effects%20of%20boric%20acid%20and%20disodium%20octaborate%20tetrahydrate%20to%20cat%20fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hinkle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koehler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patterson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Borate%20products%20varied%20in%20efficacy%20against%20larval%20cat%20fleas%2C%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20Bouch%5Cu00e9%2C%20with%20some%20effective%20at%20rates%20of%2023%20micrograms%5C%2Fcm2%20when%20larvae%20were%20exposed%20to%20the%20compounds%20in%20sand.%20Powdered%20boric%20acid%2C%20granular%20boric%20acid%2C%20and%20disodium%20octaborate%20tetrahydrate%20%28Polybor%29%20at%20rates%20of%20200%20micrograms%5C%2Fcm2%20produced%20%26lt%3B%20or%20%3D%2090%25%20mortality%20of%20larvae%20exposed%20in%20carpet%20for%2096%20h.%20LC50%20values%20of%20larvae%20exposed%20in%20treated%20carpets%20for%2096%20h%20were%2023%20micrograms%5C%2Fcm2%20for%20powdered%20boric%20acid%2C%2040%20micrograms%5C%2Fcm2%20for%20granular%20boric%20acid%2C%20and%2047%20micrograms%5C%2Fcm2%20for%20polybor.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jul%201995%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-05T22%3A00%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NYET958A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carlotti%20and%20Jacobs%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCarlotti%2C%20D.%20N.%20%26amp%3B%20Jacobs%2C%20D.%20E.%20Therapy%2C%20control%20and%20prevention%20of%20flea%20allergy%20dermatitis%20in%20dogs%20and%20cats.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVeterinary%20Dermatology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2083%26%23x2013%3B98%20%282000%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Therapy%2C%20control%20and%20prevention%20of%20flea%20allergy%20dermatitis%20in%20dogs%20and%20cats%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Didier%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carlotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dennis%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobs%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20reviews%20contemporary%20concepts%20underlying%20the%20design%20of%20control%20strategies%20for%20the%20management%20of%20flea%20allergy%20dermatitis%20in%20dogs%20and%20cats.%20The%20limitations%20of%20palliative%20symptomatic%20approaches%20are%20noted%2C%20as%20is%20the%20fundamental%20requirement%20to%20differentiate%20simple%20pulicosis%20from%20true%20hypersensitivity.%20In%20the%20latter%20case%2C%20eradication%20of%20fleas%20from%20the%20affected%20animal%20and%20its%20surroundings%20has%20to%20be%20an%20essential%20aim.%20The%20different%20biological%20properties%20offered%20by%20modern%20chemotherapy%20are%20defined%20and%20the%20range%20of%20techniques%20for%20applying%20active%20compounds%20to%20the%20animal%20and%20its%20environment%20described.%20Factors%20for%20consideration%20when%20formulating%20control%20strategies%20and%20selecting%20chemotherapeutic%20agents%20are%20discussed%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20complexities%20of%20the%20flea%20life-cycle%2C%20the%20host-parasite%20relationship%20and%20client%20concerns.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1046%5C%2Fj.1365-3164.2000.00204.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-3164%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-05T21%3A49%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DWJHZHMQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Macdonald%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMacdonald%2C%20J.%20M.%20Flea%20Control%3A%20An%20Overview%20of%20Treatment%20Concepts%20for%20North%20America.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVeterinary%20Dermatology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B6%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20121%26%23x2013%3B130%20%281995%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Flea%20Control%3A%20An%20Overview%20of%20Treatment%20Concepts%20for%20North%20America%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macdonald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e9sum%5Cu00e9%5Cu2014%20L%26%23039%3Bapproche%20d%26%23039%3Bun%20contr%5Cu00f4le%20anti%20puces%20souligne%20Pimportance%20de%20la%20communication%20entre%20le%20v%5Cu00e9t%5Cu00e9rinaire%20et%20le%20propri%5Cu00e9taire%20d%26%23039%3Bun%20animal%20de%20compagnie%2C%20communication%20qui%20implique%20la%20connaissance%20de%20chaque%20cas%20de%20figure%20individuel.%20Une%20revue%20des%20antiparasitaires%20usuels%20est%20bri%5Cu00e8vement%20pr%5Cu00e9sent%5Cu00e9e%20incluant%20les%20principes%20actifs%20et%20leur%20classification.%20Les%20concepts%20de%20mise%20en%20place%20d%26%23039%3Bun%20programme%20de%20contr%5Cu00f4le%20anti%20puces%20qui%20sont%20pr%5Cu00e9sent%5Cu00e9s%20incluent%20aussi%20bien%20les%20aspects%20de%20contr%5Cu00f4le%20des%20puces%20%5Cu00e0%20l%26%23039%3Bint%5Cu00e9rieur%20des%20habitations%20et%20dans%20le%20milieu%20ex%5Cu00e9rieur%2C%20que%20les%20produits%20et%20m%5Cu00e9thodes%20utilis%5Cu00e9es%20pour%20traiter%20l%26%23039%3Banimal.%20Les%20produits%20les%20plus%20r%5Cu00e9cents%20utilis%5Cu00e9s%20dans%20la%20lutte%20antipuces%20sont%20pr%5Cu00e9sent%5Cu00e9s%2C%20comme%20les%20r%5Cu00e9gulateurs%20de%20croissance%20des%20insectes%2C%20les%20inhibiteurs%20de%20croissance%20des%20insectes%2C%20les%20traitements%20utilisant%20des%20n%5Cu00e9matodes%2C%20et%20les%20compos%5Cu00e9s%20%5Cu00e0%20base%20de%20borate.%20%5BMacDon-ald%2C%20J.%20M.%20Flea%20control%3A%20an%20overview%20of%20treatment%20concepts%20for%20North%20America%20%28Contr%5Cu00f4le%20antipuces%3A%20revue%20des%20concepts%20de%20traitement%20en%20Am%5Cu00e9rique%20du%20Nord%29.%20Resumen%5Cu2014%20El%20enfoque%20al%20control%20de%20pulgas%20pone%20de%20manifiesto%20la%20importancia%20de%20la%20interrelaci%5Cu00f3n%20entre%20el%20veterinario%20y%20el%20propietario%20del%20animal%2C%20siendo%20necesario%20un%20conocimiento%20de%20las%20condiciones%20especiales%20en%20casos%20individuales.%20Se%20presenta%20una%20breve%20revisi%5Cu00f3n%20de%20los%20parasiticidas%20m%5Cu00e1s%20comunes%2C%20con%20un%20listado%20de%20los%20compuestos%20activos%20y%20su%20clasificaci%5Cu00f3n.%20Se%20presentan%20los%20principios%20para%20el%20dise%5Cu00f1o%20de%20un%20programa%20de%20control%20de%20pulgas%2C%20incluyendo%20el%20control%20dentro%20y%20fuera%20de%20la%20vivienda%2C%20asi%20como%20productos%20y%20m%5Cu00e9todos%20para%20tratar%20el%20animal.%20Se%20revisan%20los%20productos%20m%5Cu00e1s%20recientes%20utilizados%20para%20el%20control%20de%20pulgas%20como%20reguladores%20del%20crecimiento%20de%20insectos%2C%20reguladores%20del%20desarrollo%20de%20insectos%2C%20tratamiento%20de%20nem%5Cu00e1todos%20y%20compuestos%20de%20borato.%20%5BMacDonald%2C%20J.%20M.%20Flea%20control%3A%20an%20overview%20of%20treatment%20concepts%20for%20North%20America%20%28Control%20de%20pulgas%3A%20un%20repaso%20a%20los%20principios%20sobre%20tratamiento%20en%20Norte-Am%5Cu00e9rica%29.%20Abstract%5Cu2014%20The%20approach%20to%20flea%20control%20emphasizes%20the%20importance%20of%20interrelationships%20between%20veterinarian%20and%20pet%20owner%20requiring%20knowledge%20of%20the%20unique%20environment%20of%20individual%20cases.%20A%20review%20of%20common%20parasiticides%20is%20briefly%20presented%20listing%20active%20ingredients%20and%20their%20classification.%20Concepts%20of%20developing%20a%20flea%20control%20program%20are%20presented%20that%20include%20aspects%20of%20inside%20and%20outside%20flea%20control%20as%20well%20as%20products%20and%20methods%20used%20to%20treat%20the%20pet.%20Newer%20products%20used%20in%20flea%20control%20are%20reviewed%20including%20insect%20growth%20regulators%2C%20insect%20development%20inhibitors%2C%20nematode%20treatment%20and%20borate%20compounds.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-3164.1995.tb00055.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-3164%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-05T21%3A37%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X5LBTSQR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Koehler%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKoehler%2C%20P.%20G.%2C%20Pereira%2C%20R.%20M.%20%26amp%3B%20Kaufman%2C%20P.%20E.%20Sticktight%20Flea%2C%20Echidnophaga%20gallinacea.%20Preprint%20at%20%282009%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sticktight%20Flea%2C%20Echidnophaga%20gallinacea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koehler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pereira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaufman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-27T23%3A18%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DUHT2W27%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carlson%20and%20Fox%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-01-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCarlson%2C%20J.%20C.%20%26amp%3B%20Fox%2C%20M.%20S.%20A%20sticktight%20flea%20removed%20from%20the%20cheek%20of%20a%20two-year-old%20boy%20from%20Los%20Angeles.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDermatol.%20Online%20J.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B15%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%204%20%282009%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20sticktight%20flea%20removed%20from%20the%20cheek%20of%20a%20two-year-old%20boy%20from%20Los%20Angeles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carlson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fox%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Species-level%20identification%20of%20an%20ectoparasite%20often%20requires%20outside%20expertise.%20Patients%20are%20increasingly%20turning%20to%20the%20internet%20for%20medical%20information%2C%20in%20part%20to%20gain%20access%20to%20experts.%20We%20present%20a%20case%20of%20a%20flea%20identified%20after%20contact%20was%20made%20between%20a%20patient%26%23039%3Bs%20father%20and%20the%20authors%20via%20an%20insect-related%20forum%20on%20the%20internet.%20The%20flea%20had%20been%20attached%20for%2012%20hours%20without%20inducing%20symptoms%20before%20it%20was%20removed.%20The%20specimen%20was%20identified%20as%20a%20sticktight%20flea%20Ectoparasites%20in%20the%20differential%20diagnosis%20for%20this%20case%20are%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%2015%2C%202009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221087-2108%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-23T23%3A17%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BCQBVZVA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jordan%20and%20Rothschild%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221908-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJordan%2C%20K.%20%26amp%3B%20Rothschild%2C%20N.%20C.%20Revision%20of%20the%20Non-Combed%20Eyed%20Siphonaptera.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParasitology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B100%20%281908%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Revision%20of%20the%20Non-Combed%20Eyed%20Siphonaptera%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jordan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rothschild%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20importance%20of%20certain%20species%20of%20fleas%20in%20relation%20to%20the%20epidemiology%20of%20plague%20has%20been%20so%20amply%20demonstrated%20%28see%20Journal%20of%20Hygiene%2C%20vols.%20vi.%201906%2C%20p.%20426%20and%20vii.%201907%2C%20p.%20395%29%20that%20an%20explanation%20appears%20scareely%20necessary%20for%20our%20publishing%20a%20paper%20dealing%20with%20a%20revision%20of%20the%20non-pectinated%20eyed%20Siphonaptera.%20With%20the%20demonstration%20that%20fleas%20are%20capable%20of%20transmitting%20plague%2C%20their%20study%20at%20once%20ceased%20to%20be%20the%20mere%20hobby%20of%20a%20small%20group%20of%20entomological%20specialists.%20An%20accurate%20knowledge%20of%20fleas%2C%20both%20with%20regard%20to%20their%20structure%20and%20biology%2C%20is%20at%20present%20a%20matter%20of%20prime%20importance%20to%20those%20who%20concern%20htemselves%20with%20the%20prophylaxis%20of%20plague.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221908%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS0031182000003280%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-8161%2C%200031-1820%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-23T22%3A45%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WTNPPGHA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dryden%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDryden%2C%20M.%20W.%2C%20Carithers%2C%20D.%20%26amp%3B%20Murray%2C%20M.%20J.%20Flea%20control%3A%20real%20homes%2C%20real%20problems%2C%20real%20answers%2C%20real%20lessons%3A%20where%20are%20all%20these%20fleas%20coming%20from%3F%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCompend%20Contin%20Educ%20Vet%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B33%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201%20p%20preceding%20E1-7%3B%20quiz%20E8%20%282011%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Flea%20control%3A%20real%20homes%2C%20real%20problems%2C%20real%20answers%2C%20real%20lessons%3A%20where%20are%20all%20these%20fleas%20coming%20from%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dryden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doug%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carithers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murray%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221940-8315%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-15T21%3A54%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LK8MHB54%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Trimble%20and%20Sherrard%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221935%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTrimble%2C%20H.%20E.%20%26amp%3B%20Sherrard%2C%20G.%20C.%20Rat%20and%20Rat-Flea%20Survey%20of%20Los%20Angeles%20Harbor.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPublic%20Health%20Reports%20%281896-1970%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B50%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2074%26%23x2013%3B79%20%281935%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rat%20and%20Rat-Flea%20Survey%20of%20Los%20Angeles%20Harbor%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trimble%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sherrard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221935%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2307%5C%2F4581438%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-6214%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-12-18T23%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GEJQBEIS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Leong%20and%20Grace%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLeong%2C%20M.%20K.%20H.%20%26amp%3B%20Grace%2C%20J.%20K.%20Occurrence%20and%20Distribution%20of%20Fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%20of%20Public%20Health%20Importance%20on%20the%20Island%20of%20Oahu.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BProc%20Hawaiian%20Entomol%20Soc%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B41%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%2089%26%23x2013%3B96%20%282009%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Occurrence%20and%20Distribution%20of%20Fleas%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%20of%20Public%20Health%20Importance%20on%20the%20Island%20of%20Oahu%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20K.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Kenneth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grace%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009-12-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220073-134X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-11-19T02%3A58%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223M8MFET2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Paz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPaz%2C%20G.%20F.%2C%20Avelar%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Reis%2C%20I.%20A.%20%26amp%3B%20Linardi%2C%20P.%20M.%20Dynamics%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%20Infestations%20on%20Urban%20Dogs%20in%20Southeastern%20Brazil.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ.%20Med.%20Entomol.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B52%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%201159%26%23x2013%3B1164%20%282015%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dynamics%20of%20Ctenocephalides%20felis%20felis%20%28Siphonaptera%3A%20Pulicidae%29%20Infestations%20on%20Urban%20Dogs%20in%20Southeastern%20Brazil%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gustavo%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Avelar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilka%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pedro%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linardi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fjme%5C%2Ftjv071%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-11-19T02%3A55%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WN3ALDXY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vetlearn%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVetlearn.%20Common%20Conditions%3A%20Flea%20Allergy%20Dermatitis%20%28FAD%29.%20Preprint%20at%20%282011%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Common%20Conditions%3A%20Flea%20Allergy%20Dermatitis%20%28FAD%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vetlearn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-11-19T02%3A33%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YG5QJRP5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Foil%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221988-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFoil%2C%20C.%20S.%20Differential%20diagnosis%20of%20feline%20pruritus.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVet.%20Clin.%20North%20Am.%20Small%20Anim.%20Pract.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B18%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20999%26%23x2013%3B1011%20%281988%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Differential%20diagnosis%20of%20feline%20pruritus%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foil%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Pruritic%20skin%20diseases%20in%20the%20cat%20are%20best%20approached%20in%20a%20problem-oriented%20fashion.%20The%20presentations%20of%20pruritic%20skin%20disease%20in%20the%20cat%20include%20miliary%20dermatitis%2C%20pruritus%20of%20the%20head%2C%20scaling%20and%20crusting%20dermatoses%2C%20alopecia%2C%20erythroderma%20and%20exfoliation%2C%20eosinophilic%20granuloma%20complex%2C%20macular%20and%20pustular%20eruptions%2C%20and%20pruritic%20nodular%20dermatoses.%20There%20is%20a%20specific%20differential%20diagnosis%20for%20each%20presentation.%20A%20rational%20diagnostic%20plan%2C%20based%20on%20the%20likelihood%20of%20each%20disease%20in%20the%20differential%20diagnosis%2C%20may%20be%20formulated%20for%20each%20presentation%20of%20pruritus%20in%20the%20cat.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%201988%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220195-5616%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-11-19T02%3A24%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZXPI9TMD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nazir%20Chaudhry%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNazir%20Chaudhry%2C%20F.%2C%20Faheem%20Malik%2C%20M.%2C%20Hussain%2C%20M.%20%26amp%3B%20Asif%2C%20N.%20Insects%20as%20Biological%20Weapons.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Bioterrorism%20%26amp%3B%20Biodefense%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Bb%26gt%3B09%26lt%3B%5C%2Fb%26gt%3B%2C%20%282018%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Insects%20as%20Biological%20Weapons%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fahad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nazir%20Chaudhry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Muhammad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Faheem%20Malik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mubashar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hussain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nayab%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asif%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%201%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4172%5C%2F2157-2526.1000156%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-06-18T21%3A59%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RNCNZD8V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Croddy%20and%20Wirtz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCroddy%2C%20E.%20A.%20%26amp%3B%20Wirtz%2C%20J.%20J.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWeapons%20of%20Mass%20Destruction%3A%20An%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Worldwide%20Policy%2C%20Technology%2C%20and%20History%3B%20Volume%20I%3A%20Chemical%20and%20Biological%20Weapons%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20vol.%201%20%28ABC-CLIO%2C%202004%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Weapons%20of%20Mass%20Destruction%3A%20An%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Worldwide%20Policy%2C%20Technology%2C%20and%20History%3B%20Volume%20I%3A%20Chemical%20and%20Biological%20Weapons%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Croddy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wirtz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%201%2C%202004%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%221-85109-490-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-06-18T21%3A56%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZFIWNSD3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1543244%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirby%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bclear%3A%20left%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-left-margin%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bfloat%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B1.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-right-inline%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bmargin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirby%2C%20R.%20Using%20the%20Flea%20as%20a%20Weapon.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArmy%20Chemical%20Review%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%282005%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20the%20Flea%20as%20a%20Weapon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Reid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirby%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%202005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22K9QEE7MK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-06-18T21%3A30%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D 1.Amonkar, S. V. & Reeves, E. L. Mosquito control with active principle of garlic, Allium sativum. J. Econ. Entomol. 63, 1172–1175 (1970). 1.Rajan, T. V., Hein, M., Porte, P. & Wikel, S. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of garlic as a mosquito repellant: a preliminary study. Med. Vet. Entomol. 19, 84–89 (2005). 1.Ranstam, J. Garlic as a Tick Repellent. JAMA 285, 41–42 (2001). 1.Stjernberg, L. & Berglund, J. Garlic as an insect repellent. JAMA 284, 831 (2000). 1.Monnig, H. O. Veterinary Helminthology. (The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1950). 1.Pugh, R. E. Effects on the development of Dipylidium caninum and on the host reaction to this parasite in the adult flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis). Parasitol. Res. 73, 171–177 (1987). 1.Fourie, J. J., Crafford, D., Horak, I. G. & Stanneck, D. Prophylactic treatment of flea-infested dogs with an imidacloprid / flumethrin collar (Seresto®, Bayer) to preempt infection with Dipylidium caninum. Parasitol. Res. 112 Suppl 1, 33–46 (2013). 1.Capári, B. et al. Parasitic infections of domestic cats, Felis catus, in western Hungary. Vet. Parasitol. 192, 33–42 (2013). 1.Mircean, V., Titilincu, A. & Vasile, C. Prevalence of endoparasites in household cat (Felis catus) populations from Transylvania (Romania) and association with risk factors. Vet. Parasitol. 171, 163–166 (2010). 1.Cantó, G. J. et al. Prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming cats in central Mexico. PLoS ONE 8, e60744 (2013). 1.de Avelar, D. M., Bussolotti, A. S., do Carmo A Ramos, M. & Linardi, P. M. Endosymbionts of Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) obtained from dogs captured in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 94, 149–152 (2007). 1.Scaramozzino, P., Carvelli, A., Iacoponi, F. & De Liberato, C. Endoparasites in household and shelter dogs from Central Italy. Int J Vet Sci Med 6, 45–47 (2018). 1.Symeonidou, I. et al. Feline gastrointestinal parasitism in Greece: emergent zoonotic species and associated risk factors. Parasit Vectors 11, 227 (2018). 1.Beugnet, F. et al. Occurrence of Dipylidium caninum in fleas from client-owned cats and dogs in Europe using a new PCR detection assay. Vet. Parasitol. 205, 300–306 (2014). 1.Baker, D. G. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals. (Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, 2007). 1.Elston, D. M. & Do, H. What’s eating you? Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), Part 1: Clinical features and role as a disease vector. Cutis 85, 231–236 (2010). 1.Abdullah, S., Helps, C., Tasker, S., Newbury, H. & Wall, R. Pathogens in fleas collected from cats and dogs: distribution and prevalence in the UK. Parasites & Vectors 12, 71 (2019). 1.Yadav, S. et al. Medical management of Dipylidium caninum infected female cat: A case report. International Journal of Chemical Studies 7, 550–552 (2019). 1.Saini, V. K., Gupta, S., Kasondra, A., Rakesh, R. L. & Latchumikanthan, A. Diagnosis and therapeutic management of Dipylidium caninum in dogs: a case report. J Parasit Dis 40, 1426–1428 (2016). 1.Mencke, N. Therapy, control and prevention of flea infestation in companion animals. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Ectoparasites of Pets (ISEP) 41–43 (2005). 1. 1. 1.Rust, M. K. The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review. Insects 8, (2017). 1.Beck, W. & Pfister, K. Recent investigations on the population dynamics of cat fleas and the concept of integrated flea control. Der Praktische Tierarzt 85, 555–563 (2004). 1.Yiguan, W. et al. Influence of Bloodmeal Host on Blood Feeding, Egg Production, and Offspring Sex Ratio of Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 53, 888–893 (2016). 1.Fadok, V. Challenge your clients to gain control of fleas in the environment. Veterinary Medicine 79, 1039–1044 (1984). 1.Peres, G., Yugar, L. B. T. & Haddad Junior, V. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner sign: a hallmark of flea and bedbug bites. An Bras Dermatol 93, 759–760 (2018). 1.Bertolotto, L. The History of the Flea; with Notes and Observations. (Crozier, 1835). 1.Franc, M., Bouhsira, É. & Beugnet, F. Direct transmission of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) between cats exhibiting social behaviour. Parasite 20, (2013). 1.Ridge, G. E. Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche)). Preprint at https://portal.ct.gov/CAES/Fact-Sheets/Entomology/Cat-Flea (2016). 1.Bruet, V., Bourdeau, P. J., Roussel, A., Imparato, L. & Desfontis, J.-C. Characterization of pruritus in canine atopic dermatitis, flea bite hypersensitivity and flea infestation and its role in diagnosis. Vet. Dermatol. 23, 487-e93 (2012). 1.Reierson, D. A. & Rust, M. K. Characterization of the Insecticidal Activity of Fragrance Oils Against the German Cockroach. Preprint at (1996). 1.Patterson, R. S. & Khalil, M. S. The effect of some commercial boron compounds on the emergence of the adult cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. Sci. J. Fac. Sci. Monoufia Univ. IV, 41–50 (1990). 1.Cox, C. Pesticide Factsheet: Boric Acid and Borates. Preprint at (2004). 1.Klotz, J. H., Moss, J. I., Zhao, R., Davis, L. R. & Patterson, R. S. Oral toxicity of boric acid and other boron compounds to immature cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 87, 1534–1536 (1994). 1.Hinkle, N. C., Koehler, P. G. & Patterson, R. S. Larvicidal effects of boric acid and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate to cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 32, 424–427 (1995). 1.Carlotti, D. N. & Jacobs, D. E. Therapy, control and prevention of flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats. Veterinary Dermatology 11, 83–98 (2000). 1.Macdonald, J. M. Flea Control: An Overview of Treatment Concepts for North America. Veterinary Dermatology 6, 121–130 (1995). 1.Koehler, P. G., Pereira, R. M. & Kaufman, P. E. Sticktight Flea, Echidnophaga gallinacea. Preprint at (2009). 1.Carlson, J. C. & Fox, M. S. A sticktight flea removed from the cheek of a two-year-old boy from Los Angeles. Dermatol. Online J. 15, 4 (2009). 1.Jordan, K. & Rothschild, N. C. Revision of the Non-Combed Eyed Siphonaptera. Parasitology 1, 1–100 (1908). 1.Dryden, M. W., Carithers, D. & Murray, M. J. Flea control: real homes, real problems, real answers, real lessons: where are all these fleas coming from? Compend Contin Educ Vet 33, 1 p preceding E1-7; quiz E8 (2011). 1.Trimble, H. E. & Sherrard, G. C. Rat and Rat-Flea Survey of Los Angeles Harbor. Public Health Reports (1896-1970) 50, 74–79 (1935). 1.Leong, M. K. H. & Grace, J. K. Occurrence and Distribution of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) of Public Health Importance on the Island of Oahu. Proc Hawaiian Entomol Soc 41, 89–96 (2009). 1.Paz, G. F., Avelar, D. M., Reis, I. A. & Linardi, P. M. Dynamics of Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Infestations on Urban Dogs in Southeastern Brazil. J. Med. Entomol. 52, 1159–1164 (2015). 1.Vetlearn. Common Conditions: Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD). Preprint at (2011). 1.Foil, C. S. Differential diagnosis of feline pruritus. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 18, 999–1011 (1988). 1.Nazir Chaudhry, F., Faheem Malik, M., Hussain, M. & Asif, N. Insects as Biological Weapons. Journal of Bioterrorism & Biodefense 09, (2018). 1.Croddy, E. A. & Wirtz, J. J. Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History; Volume I: Chemical and Biological Weapons. vol. 1 (ABC-CLIO, 2004). 1.Kirby, R. Using the Flea as a Weapon. Army Chemical Review (2005).