How Long Do Seeds Last? - The Old Farmer's Almanac

How long do garden seeds last? How do you tell if your old seeds are still good? Let’s find out!

Wintertime is the season when these questions matter. The gorgeous seed catalogs arrive in the mail, tempting you with beautiful photographs.

But before you go crazy, it’s time to inventory your leftover seeds to avoid duplication and determine viability.

Read Next

• How to Plan Your Garden with Seed Catalogs: Tips for 2026
• Starting Seeds Indoors: How and When to Start Seeds
• How to Protect Plants from Frost: Fall & Spring Gardening Tips

How Long Do Vegetable Seeds Last?

Seeds are living things, and their viability is greatly affected by how they are stored. Most experts agree that dark, cool, and dry conditions are best for seeds. We keep some of our seeds in the refrigerator, but most are in open boxes in the dining room—probably not the best location!

Some seeds also have a longer life expectancy than others. Most last for a couple of years if stored in a dry, cool place. Consult the table below to see how long some of the most common garden seeds last.

Seed Viability Chart

Replace after…	Type of Seed
1 Year	Lettuce, onions, parsley, parsnips, salsify
2 Years	Corn, leeks, okra, peppers
3 Years	Asparagus, beans, broccoli, carrots, celery, kohlrabi, peas, spinach
4 Years	Beets, brussels sprouts, cabbages, cauliflower, Swiss chard, eggplants, kale, pumpkins, radishes, rutabagas, squashes, tomatoes, turnips, watermelons
5 Years	Cucumbers, endive, cantaloupes
Seed viability data gathered via Colorado State University Extension.

How to Tell If Your Seeds Are Still Good

If I have a question about the viability of some seeds—such as those beans that someone gave me back in 2020—I will test a few.

This is as easy as placing ten seeds on a damp paper towel, folding it up, and placing it in a plastic bag. Put the bag in a warm spot and check after a week or so to see if any of the seeds have sprouted.

• If 2 out of 10 germinate, that means a germination rate of about 20%—not too good, so I would either plant more of them than usual or buy fresh seeds altogether.
• If 8 out of 10 germinate, that means 80%—not bad at all, and I can likely get away with using them for another season.

Once you have determined what you need, you can shop with a clear plan in mind and be less likely to overbuy.

Have fun looking through this year’s seed catalogs and dreaming of your best garden ever. Summer is just a page away in a seed catalog!

Speaking of which, check out our list of free garden catalogs and sites.