-ian - Wiktionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ian"

English

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /i.ən/, /jən/
  • Audio (UK):(file)
  • Audio (General American):(file)

Etymology 1

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From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

Alternative forms

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  • -an, -n

Suffix

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-ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian) -ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)

  1. (as an adjective) From, related to, or like.
  2. (as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like.
  3. (as a noun) Having a certain profession.
Usage notes
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  • When males with a profession are distinguished from females, males are -ian, females -ienne.
  • The plural is -ians (one magician, two magicians).
  • When added to a word ending in a vowel, the infix -v- is inserted (Peruvian, Whovian), though this can be optional (Rousseauvian).
Coordinate terms
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  • -al
  • -an
  • -ar
  • -ate
  • -ese
  • -ic
  • -id
  • -ish
  • -oid
  • -ory
  • -ous
  • quasi-
  • -y
Derived terms
[edit] English terms suffixed with -ian Aalenian Abbotsfordian Abderian abderian abelian Abelian Aberdonian Abernethian Aberystwythian Abidjanian Abruzzian absinthian academician acantharian acanthodian Accadian Accringtonian Achaemenian Acheronian Ackerian acoustician Actonian Adamian Adamsian adansonian Addingtonian Addisonian Adelaidian Adenauerian Adiabenian Adjarian Adlerian adoptianism Adornoian Aegiptian Ægiptian Ægyptian Ælfredian Aeolian Aequian Aesculapian aesthetician Aftonian Agathonian Aglaian Agnesian Agnewian Agrippinian Ahabian Ahrensburgian Ahrimanian AIIMSonian Airdronian Ajaccian Akerlofian Akkadian Alabamian Albanian Albigensian Albionian Alcmanian Alcottian Aldebaranian Aldenhamian Aldissian Aleutian Alexandrian Alexian Alfierian Alfonsian Alfredian Algerian Alleynian allodaposuchian allotherian Almodovarian Almodóvarian alphabetician Alphonsian Alpian Alsatian Altairian alternate historian alt.horrorian Althusserian aluminian Alzheimerian Amazonian amazonian Ambedkarian Ambrosian Americanian ametabolian Amherstonian ammonian Ammonsian amphicoelian Amurian anaesthetician anæsthetician Anatolian Anaximanderian Andalusian Andersenian Andersonian Androsian Angkorian Anglospherian Angrian animalian ankylosaurian Anselmian antimonatian Antiochian Antwerpian Apamenian aphidian Apollinairian Apollonian Aprilian Apulian Aquinian Aquitainian Arabian Araucarian Arbuthnotian arcadian arctician Arcturian Arendtian Arenigian Argarian Argentinian Arian Arielian Aristarchian Aristippian Aristotelian Aristoxenian arithmetician Arizonian Arkansasian Arlesian Arlingtonian Armenian Armstrongian Arnoldian Aromanian Arpadian Arrhenian Arrovian Arsacian arsenatian arsenian arsenitian Artaudian Artemisian Arthurian Artinian Artsakhian Arubian Arundelian Asgardian Asimovian Aspergerian Aspergian Asquithian Assadian Assyrian Astellian Asterixian asteroidian Astrakhanian Asturian Atacamanian Ataturkian Athenian Athertonian Atkinsonian Atlantian atomician Atrebatian Atropatenian Atropatian Atwoodian Audenian audiometrician Auerbachian Augustian Augustinian Aukštaitian aularian aurian Aurignacian aurorian Austenian Austerian Austinian Australian Austrian related to
  • Arthurian
  • Hermitian
  • Lipschitzian
  • Newtonian
  • utopian
  • Washingtonian
  • Wilmingtonian
belonging to
  • magician
  • physician
  • politician
having a profession
  • comedian (compare comedienne)
  • musician
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  • -ienne
Translations
[edit] related to
  • Belarusian: -скі (-ski)
  • Catalan: -ià (ca)
  • Chinese: Cantonese: use attributive noun Mandarin: use attributive noun
  • Czech: -ský (cs), -ký (after s, c or k)
  • Dutch: -isch (nl)
  • French: -ien (fr)
  • Galician: -ian m
  • Georgian: -ური (-uri), -ული (-uli) (in words ending with -r)
  • German: -isch (de)
  • Hungarian: -i (hu)
  • Interlingua: -ian
  • Italian: -iano m, -iana f
  • Old Church Slavonic: -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ)
  • Polish: -ski (pl)
  • Russian: -ский (-skij), -ской (-skoj) (when stressed), -ец (ru) (-ec), -и́нец (-ínec), -инец (-inec), -инка f (-inka), -и́нка f (-ínka)
  • Sanskrit: -ईय (-īya)
  • Spanish: -iano (es) m, -iana f
  • Ukrainian: -ський (-sʹkyj)
belonging to
  • Belarusian: -скі (-ski)
  • Czech: -ský (cs), -ký (after s, c or k)
  • French: -ien (fr)
  • Georgian: -ული (-uli) (in words ending with -r)
  • Interlingua: -ian
  • Italian: -iano
  • Macedonian: -скӣ
  • Old Church Slavonic: -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ)
  • Polish: -ski (pl)
  • Russian: -ский (-skij), -ской (-skoj) (when stressed), -ец (ru) (-ec), -и́нец (-ínec), -инец (-inec), -инка f (-inka), -и́нка f (-ínka)
  • Sanskrit: -ईय f (-īya)
  • Turkish: -ca (tr), -ce (tr)
  • Ukrainian: -ський (-sʹkyj)
having a profession
  • Dutch: -iant
  • French: -ien (fr)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked
  • Latin: (please verify) -ianus

Etymology 2

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From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).

Alternative forms

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  • -yan

Suffix

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-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)

  1. A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan).

Anagrams

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  • nai, AIN, INA, Nia, Ani, Ain, NIA, ani, ain', ANI, Ina, nia, ain

Middle English

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Suffix

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-ian

  1. alternative form of -ien (“-ian”)

Old English

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Etymology

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By syncope from earlier *-ōjan, a northern Ingvaeonic innovated form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /i.ɑn/

Suffix

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-ian

  1. Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives.

Usage notes

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  • Due to unstressed vowel reduction, the past tense forms -ode and -odon are often written with ⟨a⟩ and, less frequently, ⟨u⟩, leading to forms such as -ade, -adan, and -odun.

Conjugation

[edit] Conjugation of -ian (weak, class 2)
infinitive -ian -ienne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular -iġe -ode
second person singular -ast -odest
third person singular -aþ -ode
plural -iaþ -odon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular -iġe -ode
plural -iġen -oden
imperative
singular -a
plural -iaþ
participle present past
-iende -od
Conjugation of -ian (weak class 2 Anglian)

🛈 This feature is under development and may not always produce the expected forms

infinitive -ian¹ -ienne, -ianne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular -iu, -iġe -ade
second person singular -as³ -ades³
third person singular -aþ² -ade
plural -iaþ² -adun, -adon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular -iġe -ade
plural -iġen¹ -aden¹
imperative
singular -a
plural -iaþ²
participle present past
-iende -ad

¹In Northumbrian, final -n was regularly lost from these forms ²In Late Northumbrian, final -þ was frequently changed to -s ³In Mercian, final -t was sometimes added to these forms due to West Saxon influence

Derived terms

[edit] Old English terms suffixed with -ian aceocian adeafian adlian adumbian æfestian æfnian æmtian ærendian æswician ætrian æþmian agnian andsacian andweardian arian badian barian beacnian beagian bealdian beheafdian belandian bennian beorhtian biemian bisgian blacian blodgian blostmian botian bræsian brycgian byrelian bysnian cealdian cealfian cearian ceorlian cilian clynian cneowian cræftgian cristnian cumliþian cwician cwiddian cynehelmian cystan dafenian deagian dennian deorcian dimmian domian doxian dropian druncnian ealdian eardian earmian eaþmodian ecgian edleanian edniewian efnhleoþrian eftgemyndgian elnian fæþmian famgian fealgian fealwian feormian feorrian fersian firenian firentacnian fiscian fleardian fnæstian forhtian frætwian frecnian fremdian fremian freolsian friþian friþsumian fuglian fullian fultumian fulwihtian fylcian fyrian gafolian gamenian geanian gebaswian gecoronian gedeaðian gefultumian gehiersumian gehiwcuþlician gelician gemanigfealdian genihtsumian geomrian gereordian gescipian gesidian gestaþolian getimian geþwærian gewædian gewæstmbærian gewraþian gewrixlian -gian gieddian giemeleasian giestian gislian gladian godian godspellian goldhordian gorian grapian grasian grenian griþian gystian hafetian halgian harian hatian heafdian healtian heardian heaþorian hefigian hegian herebeorgian hiersumian hiewian hiwian hleoþrian hloþian hordian horsian husian huslian hwelpian hwitian hyrsian innian ladian læswian lagian langian latian laþian leanian leasian leomian leoþian liþigian lofian logian lufian mæssian manigfealdian mannian martyrian medumian meolcian metegian meþgian motian mundian mynetian myrþrian nearwian neodian niewian nihtsumian niþerian nyttian oferhleoþrian onpennian orþian pician pipian pisian prician racenteagian ripian runian sædian sagian sarian

Descendants

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  • Middle English: -ien (Early Middle English or Kentish, Southern, or Southwest Midland)
    • English: -y, -ee (dialectal, West Country)
  • ⇒ Middle English: -en, -e, -yn (especially Norfolk), -n (after vowels)
    • English: -en (obsolete)
    • → Middle Scots: -en, -in (literary, under Chaucerian influence)

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *-ijaną.

Suffix

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-ian

  1. used to form the infinitive of class 1 weak verbs (as well as a few strong verbs also ending in -ian like biddian or liggian, and class 3 weak verbs) wekkian "to awake" (class 1 weak verbs) seggian "to say" (class 3 weak verbs)

Conjugation

[edit] Conjugation of -ian (weak class 1)
infinitive -ian
indicative present past
1st person singular -iu -ida
2nd person singular -is -ides
3rd person singular -id -ida
plural -iad -idun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular -ie -idi
2nd person singular -ies -idis
3rd person singular -ie -idi
plural -ien -idin
imperative present
singular -i
plural -iad
participle present past
-iandi gi-id, -id
Conjugation of -ian (weak class 3)
infinitive -ian
indicative present past
1st person singular -iu -da
2nd person singular -es -des
3rd person singular -ed -da
plural -iad -dun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular -ie -di
2nd person singular -ies -dis
3rd person singular -ie -di
plural -ien -din
imperative present
singular -e
plural -iad
participle present past
-iandi gi-d, -d

Swedish

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Suffix

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-ian

  1. (as a noun) Denotes a follower of something.

Usage notes

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Words having this suffix can have an additional suffix -ism for an idea (e.g. kantianism) and an additional suffix -sk to form an adjective (e.g. kantiansk).

Derived terms

[edit] Swedish terms suffixed with -ian arian marsian messiansk pelagian follower of
  • bellmanian
  • gustavian
  • hegelian
  • kantian
  • kartesian
  • rudbeckian
  • schellingian
  • thorildian
  • wertherian

Welsh

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Alternative forms

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  • -an

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /jan/

Suffix

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-ian

  1. Forms verbnouns. ‎clawr (“board, surface”) + ‎-ian → ‎clorian (“to weigh”) ‎sgrech (“scream, screech”) + ‎-ian → ‎sgrechian (“to scream, to screech”)

Derived terms

[edit] Welsh terms suffixed with -ian begian clorian geirian mwmian rholian sbarian sgrechian swnian

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “-ian”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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