Indian Stroke Scale - Neuro Physiotherapy Update

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The Indian Stroke Scale (ISS)

The Indian Stroke Scale (ISS) is an evaluative, patient reported outcome measure developed and validated by Dr Prakash V MPT PhD. The ISSmeasures functional status i.e extent of participation in daily activities both at home and in the community among patients with stroke within Indian socio-cultural context.

The key features of the ISS include: 

a) items generated from a well-defined conceptual framework of post-stroke outcomes relevant to patients living in India;

b) the domains of functioning i.e. Mobility, Self-care, Domestic Life, and Social participation domains informed by the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF); 

c) patients’ individual preferences for engaging in specific activities was integrated by adding a ‘not important’ response option. 

The scale can be freely used by clinicians, students, and educators without any modification in it's original form. 

The ISS is currently available in Englishand in five Indian Languages: Gujarati, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada and Marathi. Link for all four language versions are given below. It consists of scale items, instructions and scoring method. You can access an Excel scoring sheet with an inbuilt formula to facilitate easy scoring here.

If you have any feedback, questions or suggestions in using the scale, please contact Dr Prakash via email: [email protected]

ISS - English

ISS - Tamil

ISS - Gujarati

ISS - Marathi

ISS - Kannada

ISS - Hindi

Research publications related to the ISS development and validation

1. Prakash V, Ganesan M. The Indian Stroke Scale: Development and validation of a scale to measure participation in daily activities among patients with stroke in India. Int J Stroke. 2020 Dec 20 PubMed

2. Prakash V, Ganesan M. What matters to patients with stroke in India and why: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Dec 27:1-8. PubMed

3. Prakash V, Shah S, Hariohm K. Cross-cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures: A solution or a problem? Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2019 May;62(3):174-177.PubMed

4. Prakash V, Ganesan M, Vasanthan R, Hariohm K. Do Commonly Used Functional Outcome Measures Capture Activities that Are Relevant for People with Stroke in India? Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017 Apr;24(3):200-205. PubMed

5. Prakash V, R Patel S, Hariohm K, S Soni V, Alagumoorthi G. Importance of squatting and sitting on the floor: perspectives and priorities of rural Indian patients with stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2016 Aug;23(4):240-4. PubMed

Commentary on the Indian Stroke scale

The Indian stroke scale has received appreciation from two distinguished researchers in the field of Physiotherapy who kindly agreed to write a commentary. You can read the full text of the commentary by clicking the link given below:

1. Commentary by Professor Emerita Susan Harris

2. Commentary by  Distinguished Professor Emerita Robert Palisano

3. Commentary by  Professor Nilima Patel

Young Investigator Award

Dr Prakash received Young Investigator Award from the World Stroke Organization, Switzerland for his research work on development and validation of the the Indian Stroke Scale in the year 2016.

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