IV Fluids (Intravenous Fluids): Types & Uses - Cleveland Clinic

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What are IV fluids?

IV fluids are liquids injected into a person’s veins through an IV (intravenous) tube. They prevent or treat dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

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Why are intravenous fluids used?

Water is essential to every cell in our bodies. In fact, our bodies are made up of about 60% water. When you don’t have enough water in your body, that’s called dehydration. A person needs IV fluids when they become dangerously dehydrated.

Serious dehydration may occur when you:

  • Are sick (vomiting and diarrhea).
  • Exercise too much or spend too much time in the heat without drinking enough.
  • Have a serious injury or burns.
  • Have surgery, especially when you’re asleep for a long time or are unable to eat or drink.

What are the effects of dehydration?

When you’re dehydrated, it can affect:

  • Balance of important minerals (electrolytes) in the body.
  • Cognitive (mental) performance.
  • Energy level.
  • Gastrointestinal function (your ability to digest food and create pee and poop).
  • Headache frequency and intensity.
  • Many organs, including the kidneys, heart and brain.
  • Physical performance.
  • Skin health.

Signs of severe dehydration include:

  • Dizziness.
  • Dry eyes (no tears).
  • Dry lips and tongue.
  • Dry, wrinkly or blotchy skin.
  • Fatigue (feeling tired).
  • Fast breathing.
  • Hands and feet that are cool to the touch or blotchy-looking.
  • Less pee than usual (fewer than four times per day).
  • Pee that’s dark yellow and smells strong.

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