Jealous - Wiktionary

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• Beginning
• 1 English Toggle English subsection
  • 1.1 Alternative forms
  • 1.2 Etymology
  • 1.3 Pronunciation
  • 1.4 Adjective
    • 1.4.1 Usage notes
    • 1.4.2 Derived terms
    • 1.4.3 Related terms
    • 1.4.4 Translations
  • 1.5 Verb
  • 1.6 References
  • 1.7 Anagrams

• Entry
• Discussion

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English

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Alternative forms

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• iealous (obsolete)

Etymology

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First attested in 1382. From Middle English jelous, gelous, gelus, from Old French jalous, from Late Latin zelosus, from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”). Doublet of zealous.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛləs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (Southern England):

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• Hyphenation: jeal‧ous
• Rhymes: -ɛləs

Adjective

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jealous (comparative jealouser or more jealous, superlative jealousest or most jealous)

1. Suspecting rivalry in love; troubled by worries that one might have been replaced in someone's affections; suspicious of a lover's or spouse's fidelity. [from 13th c.] jealous rage jealous lover She gave him a jealous look.
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:She stopped, and laid her hand upon his golden head, and then bent down and kissed his brow with a chastened abandonment of tenderness that would have been beautiful to behold had not the sight cut me to the heart - for I was jealous!
2. Protective; zealously guarding; careful in the protection of something (or someone) one has or appreciates, especially one's spouse or lover. [from 14th c.]
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 20:5, column 2:Thou ſhalt not bow downe thy ſelfe to them, nor ſerue them: For I the Lord thy God am a iealous God, viſiting the iniquitie of the fathers vpon the children, vnto the thirde and fourth generation of them that hate me:
   • 1805, Maria Edgeworth, Popular Tales, volume 2, page 148:Soft Simon had reduced himself to the lowest class of Stalkos, or walking gentlemen, as they are termed; men who have nothing to do, and no fortune to support them, but who style themselves esquire; and who […] are jealous of that title, and of their claims to family antiquity.
3. Envious; feeling resentful or angered toward someone for a perceived advantage or success, material or otherwise. [from 14th c.] be jealous of someone/something He was jealous of his friend’s success. I'm jealous because I'm single.
   • 1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray:I am jealous of everything whose beauty does not die.
   • 1899, Mark Twain, The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg:The neighbouring towns were jealous of this honourable supremacy.
4. Suspicious; apprehensive.
   • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:I began my fence or wall; which, being still jealous of my being attacked by somebody, I resolved to make very thick and strong.
   • 1823, Walter Scott, Quentin Durward:At length […] the Duke demanded to know of Durward who his guide was, […] and wherefore he had been led to entertain suspicion of him. To the first of these questions Quentin Durward answered by naming Hayraddin Maugrabin, the Bohemian; […] and in reply to the third point he mentioned what had happened in the Franciscan convent near Namur, how the Bohemian had been expelled from the holy house, and how, jealous of his behaviour, he had dogged him to a rendezvous with one of William de la Marck's lanzknechts, where he overheard them arrange a plan for surprising the ladies who were under his protection.

Usage notes

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Some usage guides seek to distinguish “jealous” from “envious”, using jealous to mean “protective of one’s own position or possessions” – one “jealously guards what one has” – and envious to mean “desirous of others’ position or possessions” – one “envies what others have”.[1] This distinction is also maintained in the psychological and philosophical literature.[2][3] In common usage, however, although envious is always with respect to others’ possessions or fortune, jealous does not always refer strictly to one’s own possessions (as shown by the citations above).

Derived terms

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• hyperjealous
• jealous as a Barbary pigeon (adjective)
• jealous husbands problem (noun)
• jealous-like (adjective)
• jealously (adverb)
• jealousness (noun)
• jealousy (noun)
• nonjealous
• overjealous
• unjealous

Related terms

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• zeal
• zealot
• zealous

Translations

[edit] suspecting rivalry in love; fearful of being replaced, in position or in affection

Albanian: zili (sq) f Arabic: غَيُور (ḡayūr) Egyptian Arabic: غيار (ḡayyār) Armenian: խանդոտ (hy) (xandot) Azerbaijani: qısqanc (az) Belarusian: раўні́вы (rawnívy) Bulgarian: ревни́в (bg) (revnív) Catalan: gelós (ca) Chickasaw: hopoo Chinese: Cantonese: 呷醋 (yue) (haap3 cou3) (of rival in love) Hokkien: 食醋 (zh-min-nan) (chia̍h-chhò͘) (of rival in love) Mandarin: 妒忌 (zh) (dùjì), 吃醋 (zh) (chīcù) (of rival in love) Czech: žárlivý (cs) m Danish: jaloux, skinsyg Dutch: jaloers (nl) Esperanto: ĵaluza (eo) Estonian: armukade Faroese: øvundsjúkur Finnish: mustasukkainen (fi) French: jaloux (fr) m, jalouse (fr) f Galician: ciumento m Georgian: ეჭვიანი (eč̣viani) German: eifersüchtig (de) Greek: ζηλιάρης (el) (ziliáris) Hungarian: féltékeny (hu) Icelandic: afbrýðisamur Indonesian: cemburu (id) Irish: éadmhar, éad a bheith agat/ort (to be jealous) Old Irish: is ét la Italian: geloso (it) m, gelosa f Japanese: 妬ましい (ja) (ねたましい, netamashii), 嫉妬 (ja) (しっと, shitto), 嫉妬深い (しっとぶかい, shitto-bukai), やきもちをやく (ja) (yakimochi o yaku) (of rival in love) Khmer: ប្រច័ណ្ឌ (prɑcan), ច្រណែន (km) (crɑnaen) Korean: please add this translation if you can Latvian: greizsirdīgs Lithuanian: įtarus m Louisiana Creole French: jalou Macedonian: љубоморен (ljubomoren) Malayalam: അസൂയയുള്ള (asūyayuḷḷa) Norwegian: sjalu (no) Persian: رشکین (raškin) Polish: zazdrosny (pl) m Portuguese: ciumento (pt) Romanian: gelos (ro) Russian: ревни́вый (ru) (revnívyj), ревну́ющий (ru) (revnújuščij) Scottish Gaelic: eudmhor Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: љубоморан Roman: ljubomoran (sh) Slovak: žiarlivý Slovene: ljubosumen (sl) Spanish: celoso (es), encelado (es) m Swedish: svartsjuk (sv) Tagalog: selos (tl), panibugho (tl) Tajik: рашкин (raškin) Tamil: please add this translation if you can Telugu: please add this translation if you can Turkish: kıskanç (tr) Ukrainian: ревни́вий (revnývyj) Vietnamese: ghen (vi) Walloon: djalot (wa) m Welsh: eiddigus

protective, guarding; careful in the protection of something one has or appreciates

Arabic: غَيُور (ḡayūr) Armenian: նախանձախնդիր (hy) (naxanjaxndir) Bulgarian: ревностен (bg) (revnosten) Catalan: gelós (ca) Chickasaw: hopoo Chinese: Mandarin: 妒忌 (zh) (dùjì), 吃醋 (zh) (chīcù) (of rival in love) Finnish: mustasukkainen (fi) Georgian: ეჭვიანი (eč̣viani) German: eifrig (de), eifernd (de) Greek: ζηλότυπος (el) m (zilótypos) Hungarian: féltő (hu) Irish: éadmhar, éad a bheith agat/ort (to be jealous) Italian: geloso (it) Japanese: 擁護しようとしやすい (ようごしようとしやすい, yōgo-shiyō to shi-yasui) Lithuanian: budrus m Portuguese: ciumento (pt) Russian: ре́вностный (ru) (révnostnyj) Scottish Gaelic: eudmhor Slovene: ljubosumen (sl) Spanish: celoso (es) Tamil: please add this translation if you can Welsh: eiddigeddus (cy), cenfigennus (cy)

envious; feeling resentful of someone for a perceived advantage, material or otherwise

Arabic: please add this translation if you can South Levantine Arabic: غيران (ḡērān) Armenian: նախանձոտ (hy) (naxanjot) Bulgarian: завистлив (bg) (zavistliv) Catalan: gelós (ca) Chickasaw: hopoo Chinese: Cantonese: 葡萄 (pou4 tou4) Mandarin: 妒忌 (zh) (dùjì) Danish: misundelig Estonian: kade Finnish: kateellinen (fi) French: jaloux (fr), envieux (fr) Georgian: შურიანი (šuriani), მოშურნე (mošurne) German: neidisch (de) Greek: ζηλόφθονος (el) m (zilófthonos), φθονερός (el) (fthonerós) Hebrew: מקנא Hungarian: irigy (hu) Indonesian: iri (id) Irish: éadmhar, éad a bheith agat/ort (to be jealous) Italian: invidioso (it) Khmer: ប្រច័ណ្ (brâchân), ច្រណែន (km) (crɑnaen) Korean: 질투(嫉妬)하다 (ko) (jiltuhada), 시기(猜忌)하다 (ko) (sigihada) Latvian: skaudīgs m Lithuanian: pavydus m Louisiana Creole French: jalou Malay: cemburu (ms) Malayalam: അസൂയാലുവായ (asūyāluvāya) Maori: hae Norwegian: misunnelig Polish: zazdrosny (pl) m Portuguese: invejoso (pt) Russian: зави́стливый (ru) (zavístlivyj), зави́дующий (ru) (zavídujuščij) Sanskrit: ईर्षु (sa) (īrṣu) Scottish Gaelic: farmadach Spanish: envidioso (es), celoso (es) Swedish: avundsjuk (sv) c Tahitian: pohehae Tamil: பொறாமை (ta) (poṟāmai), வயிற்றெரிச்சல் (ta) (vayiṟṟericcal) Turkish: kıskanç (tr) Ukrainian: за́здрісний (zázdrisnyj) Vietnamese: ghen tị (vi) Welsh: eiddigeddus (cy), eiddigus

suspecting, suspicious

Finnish: epäileväinen (fi) Tamil: ஐயம் (ta) (aiyam)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked

Chinese: Mandarin: 嫉妒 (zh) (jídù), 妒忌 (zh) (dùjì), 羨慕 / 羡慕 (zh) (xiànmù) Crimean Tatar: (please verify) küncü Dutch: (please verify) jaloers (nl) French: Old French: jalous Ido: (please verify) jaluza (io) Italian: (please verify) invidioso (it) Japanese: (please verify) 羨ましい (ja) (うらやましい, urayamashii), (please verify) 妬ましい (ja) (ねたましい, netamashii) Korean: (please verify) 질투(嫉妬)가 많다 (jiltuga manta), (please verify) 투기(妬忌)하다 (tugihada), (please verify) 시샘하다 (sisaemhada), (please verify) 선망(羨望)하다 (ko) (seonmanghada) Latin: (please verify) invidus, (please verify) invidiōsus Luxembourgish: (please verify) jalous Mirandese: (please verify) ambejoso Norwegian: (please verify) sjalu (no) Sanskrit: ईर्षु (sa) (īrṣu) Spanish: (please verify) celoso (es), (please verify) envidioso (es) Swedish: (please verify) avundsjuk (sv) Tagalog: (please verify) inggit Turkish: (please verify) kindar (tr) Welsh: eiddigeddus (cy), cenfigennus (cy) Woiwurrung: (please verify) bang-neen Yiddish: (please verify) מקנא (mekane)

Verb

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jealous (third-person singular simple present jealouses, present participle jealousing, simple past and past participle jealoused)

1. (ambitransitive, slang) To harass or attack (somebody) out of jealousy.
   • 2005, Andrew Lansdown, The Dispossessed, page 11:If I go back, he starts his jealousing again. Drinking and jealousing.
   • 2014, Desmond Ihenze, Secrets for Ladies, page 198:Jealousing can take place: You may notice some of your fellow female co-workers that can be jealousing you.
   • 2020, Tochi Onyebuchi, Rebel Sisters, page 285:But another part of me is jealousing because Xifeng is looking at Ify like she is special, almost like she is wanting to call her daughter, and I am wanting Xifeng all to myself.
2. (transitive, Australian Aboriginal) To deliberately make (someone) jealous of another person's (often their partner's) associations with other people.
   • 2013, Thalia Anthony, Indigenous People, Crime and Punishment:[…] where the victim of an assault had been 'jealousing' the offender about her sister.

References

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1. ^ “Envious/Jealous”, Paul Brians, Common Errors in English Usage
2. ^ See Jealousy: Comparison with envy and Envy: Envy, jealousy and schadenfreude
3. ^ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Envy, 1.2 Envy vs. Jealousy

Anagrams

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• jalouse

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