Lead (Pb) - Periodic Table

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1. Elements
2. Lead (Pb)

Lead (Pb) Lead is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Pb and atomic number 82 with an atomic weight of 207.21 u and is classed as post-transition metal and is part of group 14 (carbon group). Lead is solid at room temperature. Thallium Periodic table Bismuth

Lead in the periodic table

Symbol	Pb
Atomic number	82
Group	14 (Carbon group)
Period	6
Block	p
Classification	Post-Transition Metal

Appearance	Metallic gray
Color	SlateGray

Number of protons	82 p+
Number of neutrons	125 n0
Number of electrons	82 e-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaLead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. Read more on Wikipedia

Physical properties

Phase at STP	Solid
Density	11.34 g/cm3
Atomic weight	207.21 u

Thermal properties

Melting point	600.61 K327.46 °C621.428 °F
Boiling point	2022 K1748.85 °C3179.93 °F
Heat of vaporization	177.9 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)	1.87
Electron affinity	34.4204 kJ/mol
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4(an amphoteric oxide)
Ionization energies	715.6 kJ/mol 1450.5 kJ/mol 3081.5 kJ/mol 4083 kJ/mol 6640 kJ/mol

Electron configuration for lead

Electron configuration Shorthand configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electron configuration Full configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electron configuration chart	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Valence electrons	4
Valency electrons	2,4
Bohr model	LeadElectron shell for Lead, created by Injosoft ABPbFigure: Shell diagram of Lead (Pb) atom.
Orbital Diagram 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 6s 6p

The history of Lead

Discovery

Africa (7000 BC)

Discovery of leadMetallic lead beads dating back to 7000–6500 BCE have been found in Asia Minor and may represent the first example of metal smelting. At that time lead had few (if any) applications due to its softness and dull appearance. The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use lead minerals in cosmetics, an application that spread to Ancient Greece and beyond. The oldest known artifact of lead is a statuette found at the temple of Osiris on the site of Abydos dated around 3800 BC.

Periodic table history

Identifiers

List of unique identifiers for Lead in various chemical registry databases

CAS Number	7439-92-1
ChemSpider ID	4509317
EC number	231-100-4
PubChem CID Number	5352425