List Of Sign Languages - Wikipedia

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  • 1 Sign language list Toggle Sign language list subsection
    • 1.1 Contemporary deaf sign languages
      • 1.1.1 Africa
      • 1.1.2 Americas
      • 1.1.3 Asia-Pacific
      • 1.1.4 Europe
      • 1.1.5 Middle East
    • 1.2 Historical deaf sign languages
    • 1.3 Auxiliary sign languages
    • 1.4 Manual modes of spoken languages
  • 2 Genetic classification of sign languages
  • 3 See also
  • 4 References
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There are perhaps three hundred sign languages in use around the world today. The number is not known with any confidence; new sign languages emerge frequently through creolization and de novo (and occasionally through language planning). In some countries, such as Sri Lanka and Tanzania, each school for the deaf may have a separate language, known only to its students and sometimes denied by the school; on the other hand, countries may share sign languages, although sometimes under different names (Croatian and Serbian, Indian and Pakistani). Deaf sign languages also arise outside educational institutions, especially in village communities with high levels of congenital deafness, but there are significant sign languages developed for the hearing as well, such as the speech-taboo languages used by some Aboriginal Australian peoples. Scholars are doing field surveys to identify the world's sign languages.[1][2][3][4]

The following list is grouped into three sections :

  • Deaf sign languages, which are the preferred languages of Deaf communities around the world; these include village sign languages, shared with the hearing community, and Deaf-community sign languages
  • Auxiliary sign languages, which are not native languages but sign systems of varying complexity, used alongside spoken languages. Simple gestures are not included, as they do not constitute language.
  • Signed modes of spoken languages, also known as manually coded languages, which are bridges between signed and spoken languages

The list of deaf sign languages is sorted regionally and alphabetically, and such groupings should not be taken to imply any genetic relationships between these languages (see List of language families).[5]

Sign language list

[edit]

Contemporary deaf sign languages

[edit]

Africa

[edit]

There are at least 25 sign languages in Africa, according to researcher Nobutaka Kamei.[6][7][8] Some have distributions that are completely independent of those of African spoken languages. At least 13 foreign sign languages, mainly from Europe and America, have been introduced to at least 27 African nations; some of the 23 sign languages documented by Kamei have originated with or been influenced by them.

Language Origin[9] Notes
Adamorobe Sign Language village sign (ADS) (Ghana)
Algerian Sign Language French
Bamako Sign Language local deaf community used by adult men. Threatened by ASL.
Berbey Sign Language family Dogon region, Mali [1]
Bouakako Sign Language village Ivory Coast
Bura Sign Language village in Nigeria
Burkina Sign Language local[10] Ouagadougou (Langue des Signes Mossi)
Chadian Sign Language ASL:Nigerian?
Douentza Sign Language local? village? Dogon region, Mali
Eritrean Sign Language creole
Eswatini Sign Language Irish, British, & local
Ethiopian sign languages 1 million signers of an unknown number of languages
Francophone African Sign Language ASL & spoken French The development of ASL in Francophone West Africa
Gambian Sign Language ASL
Ghanaian Sign Language ASL (GSE)
Guinean Sign Language ASL
Guinea-Bissau Sign Language local incipient/basic
Hausa Sign Language local "Maganar Hannu" (HSL) – Northern Nigeria (Kano State)
Kenyan Sign Language local? (KSL or LAK)
Lesotho Sign Language BANZSL
Libyan Sign Language Arab?
Malagasy Sign Language French:Danish:Norwegian (or "Madagascan Sign Language") May be a dialect of Norwegian SL
Maroua Sign Language local Cameroon
Mauritian Sign Language isolate
Moroccan Sign Language ASL
Mozambican Sign Language
Mbour Sign Language local M'Bour, Senegal
Namibian Sign Language Paget-Gorman
Nanabin Sign Language village a deaf family in Nanabin, Ghana
Nigerian Sign Language ASL
Rwandan Sign Language
Sao Tome and Principe Sign Language rural
Sierra Leonean Sign Language ASL
Somali Sign Language Kenyan SL
South African Sign Language Irish & British (SASL)
Sudanese sign languages village & local? Government proposal to unify local languages
Tanzanian sign languages local (seven independent languages, one for each deaf school in Tanzania, with little mutual influence)
Tebul Sign Language village (Tebul Ure SL) Mopti, Mali (village of Tebul Ure)
Tunisian Sign Language French:Italian
Ugandan Sign Language local? (USL)
Yoruba Sign Language local (YSL)
Zambian Sign Language (ZASL)
Zimbabwean sign languages "sign language" is an official language

Americas

[edit]
Language Origin Notes
American Sign Language United States and Canada ASL is also officially recognized as a language in Canada due to the passage of Bill C-81, the Accessible Canada Act. Black American Sign Language is a dialect of ASL.
Argentine Sign Language Spain and Italy[citation needed] (Lengua de Señas Argentina – LSA)
Bay Islands Sign Language village Honduras. Deaf-blind. French Harbour Sign Language
Bolivian Sign Language ASL/Andean "Lenguaje de Señas Bolivianas" (LSB)
Brazilian Sign Language French Libras (Lingua Brasileira de Sinais)[11] Recognized legally as a means of communication among the Brazilian Deaf community.[12]
Bribri Sign Language village?
Brunca Sign Language village?
Carhuahuaran Sign Language family Peru
Cena village Brazil
Chatino Sign Language family
Chilean Sign Language French? Lengua de Señas Chilena (LSCH)
Colombian Sign Language Andean (CSN) / Lengua de Señas Colombiana (LSC)
Costa Rican Sign Language at least four languages in Costa Rica (Woodward 1991)
Old Costa Rican Sign Language
Cuban Sign Language
Dominican Sign Language ASL
Ecuadorian Sign Language Andean
Greenlandic Sign Language Danish "Kalaallisut Ussersuutit" (DTS)
Guatemalan Sign Language
Guyanese Sign Language ?
Haitian Sign Language ASL
Honduras Sign Language Mexican? "Lengua de señas hondureña" (LESHO)
Inmaculada Sign Language Peruvian Lima, Peru. Inmaculada is a school for the deaf. (see ref under Sivia SL)
Inuit Sign Language village "Inuit Uqausiqatigiit Uukturausiq Uqajuittunut (General Inuit Sign Language for deaf)" [citation needed] also known as Tikuraq (ᑎᑯᕋᖅ)There may be more than one. The indigenous languages is an isolate.
Jamaican Sign Language ASL (JSL)
Jamaican Country Sign Language local (JCSL)
Kajana Sign Language village Kajana Gebarentaal
Keresan Sign Language village (KPISL)
Macushi Sign Language ? Brazil [no data]
Marajo Sign Language home sign? Brazil
Maritime Sign Language British
Maxakali Sign Language home sign? if not home sign, at least a young language. Brazil
Mayan Sign Language village
Mexican Sign Language French "Lengua de señas mexicana" (LSM)
Navajo Sign Language
Nicaraguan Sign Language local "Idioma de señas nicaragüense" (ISN)
Old Cayman Sign Language village gave rise to Providence Island SL?
Panamanian Sign Language ASL, some Salvadoran influence "Lengua de señas panameñas"
Paraguayan Sign Language related to Uruguayan, Old-French Sign Language "Lengua de Señas Paraguaya" (LSPy)
Papiu Yanomama Sign Language ? Brazil [no data]
Peruvian Sign Language Andean[13] "Lengua de señas peruana"
Plains Sign Language historically a trade pidgin distinct from national norms national forms maintained by some Plains nations
Puerto Rican Sign Language ASL "Lengua de señas puertorriqueña"
Providence Island Sign Language village
Quebec Sign Language French-ASL mix "Langue des Signes Québécoise" (LSQ)
Salvadoran Sign Language isolate "Lengua de señas salvadoreña"
Sivia Sign Language village Peru
South Rupununi Sign Language village? Guyana
Terena Sign Language village Brazil
Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language isolate? ASL taught in schools; most deaf bilingual
Uruguayan Sign Language Old French Sign Language "Lengua de Señas Uruguaya"
Ka'apor Sign Language village (a.k.a. Urubu Sign Language, although this name is pejorative)
Venezuelan Sign Language isolate "Lengua de señas venezolana" (LSV)

Asia-Pacific

[edit]
Language Origin Notes
Afghan Sign Language indig, or ASL creole?
Alipur Sign Language village
Amami Oshima Sign Language village or idioglossia Japan
Auslan British (Australian Sign Language)
Ban Khor Sign Language village (Plaa Pag is a dialect)
Bhutanese Sign Language ?
Burmese sign language ASL may be two languages
Cambodian Sign Language = mixed LSF, BSL, ASL, various dialects within
Chinese Sign Language Chinese "中國手語" (ZGS)
Enga Sign Language village PNG
Esharani isolate Iranian Sign Language, main sign language used in Iran
Filipino Sign Language mixed ASL, various dialects (FSL) or Philippine Sign Language (Filipino: Wikang pasenyas ng mga Pilipino).
Ghandruk Sign Language village (Nepal)
Hawaiʻi Sign Language ? Hoailona ʻŌlelo o Hawaiʻi
Hong Kong Sign Language Shanghai Sign Language "香港手語" (HKSL). Derives from the southern dialect of CSL.
Huay Hai Sign Language village (Thailand) [no data]
Indo-Pakistani Sign Language Indian conflicting reports on whether Indian and Pakistani SL are one language or two.
Jakarta Sign Language ASL:Malaysian?:Indonesian a variety of Indonesian Sign Language
Japanese Sign Language Japanese "Nihon Shuwa (日本手話)" (JSL)
Jhankot Sign Language village (Nepal)
Jumla Sign Language village (Nepal)
Kailge Sign Language village, perhaps related to SSSL PNG
Kata Kolok village (a.k.a. Bali Sign Language, Benkala Sign Language)
Laotian Sign Language (related to Vietnamese languages; may be more than one SL)
Korean Sign Language (KSDSL) Korean "한국수어 (or 한국수화)" / "Hanguk Soo-hwa"

Korean standard sign language – manually coded spoken Korean

Macau Sign Language Shanghai Sign Language "澳門手語" (MSL). Derives from the southern dialect of CSL.
Malaysian Sign Language ASL "Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia" (BIM)
Maldivian Sign Language (Dhivehi Sign Language) Local, Indian, ASL
Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language village Nepal
Mehek Sign Language home sign? incipient? PNG
Miyakubo Sign Language village Japan
Mongolian Sign Language ? "Монгол дохионы хэл"
Mount Avejaha Sign Language village PNG
Na Sai Sign Language village (Thailand) [no data]
Naga Sign Language village? (India) last reported in 1921
Nepali Sign Language Indian Indigenous sign language with inputs from Indian Sign Language, American Sign Language, International Sign, and others
New Zealand Sign Language British (NZSL)
Old Bangkok Sign Language local (or village?)
Old Chiangmai Sign Language local (or village?)
Papua New Guinean Sign Language British
Penang Sign Language local (Malaysia)
Rennellese Sign Language home sign, not a full language (Solomon Islands)
Rossel Island Sign Language village PNG
Samoan Sign Language Auslan
Selangor Sign Language ASL? (Malaysia)
Sinasina Sign Language village? PNG, not clear if developed
Singapore Sign Language French A blend of ASL, Auslan, BSL, SEE2, SSL and locally-developed signs.
Solomon Islands Sign Language
Sri Lankan sign languages local (14 deaf schools with different languages)
Taiwanese Sign Language Japanese 臺灣手語 / Taiwan Ziran Shouyu
Tibetan Sign Language local
Thai Sign Language ASL (TSL) "แบบสะกดนิ้วมือไทย" (incl. Hai Yai)
Vietnamese sign languages local (Hanoi Sign Language, Ho Chi Minh Sign Language, Haiphong Sign Language; some may be related to some of the Thai languages)
Wanib Sign Language village PNG
Yogyakarta Sign Language ASL:Malaysian?:Indonesian a variety of Indonesian Sign Language
Yolŋu Sign Language local

Europe

[edit]
Language Origin Notes and local name
Albanian Sign Language "Gjuha e Shenjave Shqipe"
Armenian Sign Language isolate
Azerbaijani Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian "Azərbaycan işarət dili" (AİD)
Austrian Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian "Österreichische Gebärdensprache" (ÖGS)
British Sign Language British (BSL)
Bulgarian Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian:Russian Български жестомимичен език / Balgarski zhestomimichen ezik, BZhE
Catalan Sign Language Catalan (or "Catalonian Sign Language") "Llengua de Signes Catalana" (LSC)
Croatian Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian:Yugoslav (Croslan) "Hrvatski Znakovni Jezik" (HZJ)[14]
Czech Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian "Český znakový jazyk" (ČZJ)
Cypriot Sign Language ASL×GSL "Κυπριακή Νοηματική Γλώσσα" (CSL)[15] ("Kypriaki Noimatiki Glossa")
Danish Sign Language French "Dansk Tegnsprog" (DTS)
Dutch Sign Language French "Nederlandse Gebarentaal" (NGT)
Estonian Sign Language "Eesti viipekeel"
Finnish Sign Language Swedish "Suomalainen viittomakieli" (SVK)
Finland-Swedish Sign Language Swedish "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk" (Swedish) or "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli" (Finnish). A single Swedish school in Finland, now closed.
Flemish Sign Language Belgian "Vlaamse Gebarentaal" (VGT)
French Sign Language "Langues des Signes Française" (LSF)
Georgian Sign Language ? [2]
German Sign Language German "Deutsche Gebärdensprache" (DGS)
Greek Sign Language French-ASL mix "Ελληνική Νοηματική Γλώσσα" (GSL; "Elliniki Noimatiki Glossa")
Hungarian Sign Language "Magyar jelnyelv"
Icelandic Sign Language French:Danish "Íslenskt Táknmál"
Irish Sign Language French "Teanga Chomharthaíochta na hÉireann" (ISL/ISG and TCÉ)
Italian Sign Language French "Lingua dei Segni Italiana" (LIS)
Kosovar Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian:Yugoslav "Gjuha e Shenjave Kosovare" (GjShK)
Latvian Sign Language French "Latviešu zīmju valoda"
Lithuanian Sign Language "Lietuvių gestų kalba"
Macedonian Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian:Yugoslav Македонски знаковен јазик / Makedonski znakoven jazik
Maltese Sign Language "Lingwi tas-Sinjali Maltin" (LSM)
Northern Ireland Sign Language British (mixed)
Norwegian Sign Language French:Danish "Norsk tegnspråk" (NTS)
Polish Sign Language Old-French, German "Polski Język Migowy" (PJM)
Portuguese Sign Language Swedish "Língua Gestual Portuguesa" (LGP)
Romanian Sign Language French "Limbaj Mimico-Gestual Românesc" (LMG)
Russian Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian "Russkiy zhestovyi yazyk" / русский жестовый язык
Slovakian Sign Language "Slovenský posunkový jazyk"
Slovenian Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian:Yugoslav "Slovenski znakovni jezik" (SZJ)
Spanish Sign Language isolate "Lengua de signos española" (LSE)
Swedish Sign Language Swedish "Svenskt teckenspråk" (STS)
Swiss-French Sign Language French? "Langage Gestuelle"
Swiss-German Sign Language French? "Deutschschweizer Gebärdensprache" (DSGS)
Swiss-Italian Sign Language French?
Turkish Sign Language Isolate "Türk İşaret Dili" (TİD)
Ukrainian Sign Language French "Українська жестова мова (УЖМ)" ("Ukrainska Zhestova Mova")
Valencian Sign Language "Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana" (LSCV)
Walloon Sign Language Belgian "Langue des Signes de Belgique Francophone" (LSFB)
Yugoslav Sign Language French:Austro-Hungarian

Middle East

[edit]
Language Origin Notes
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language village (ABSL), Negev Israel
Central Taurus Sign Language village Turkey
Egyptian Sign Language Arab
Emirati Sign Language Arab
Ghardaia Sign Language village (Algerian Jewish Sign Language) deaf & hearing, Algeria → Israel
Iraqi Sign Language Arab لغة الاشارة العراقية Perhaps close to Levantine.
Israeli Sign Language Large lexical base from DGS שפת סימנים ישראלית (שס"י SHaSI)
Jordanian Sign Language Arab, Levantine Lughat il-Ishaarah il-Urduniah / لغة الاشارة الأردنية (LIU)
Kafr Qasem Sign Language Arab, village Kafr Qasim Israel
Kurdish Sign Language local ZHK
Kuwaiti Sign Language Arab لغة الاشارة الكويتية
Lebanese Sign Language Arab, Levantine Lughat al-Isharat al-Lubnaniya / لغة الإشارات اللبنانية
Mardin Sign Language family one extended family in Turkey[16]
Omani Sign Language Arab?
Palestinian Sign Language Arab, Levantine "لغة الاشارات الفلسطينية"
Persian Sign Language Persian زبان اشاره پارسى
Qahvehkhaneh Sign Language urban Tehran. Moribund.
Qatari Unified Sign Language Artificial/Arab Unclear what the Qatari deaf community actually uses. An artificial attempt to standardize all Arab sign languages has resulted in a variety used mainly by hearing Qatari interpreters.
Saudi Sign Language isolate "لغة الإشارة السعودية"
Seraglio Sign Language Ottoman court
Syrian Sign Language Arab, Levantine
Yemeni Sign Language Arab "لغة الإشارة اليمنية"

Historical deaf sign languages

[edit]
  • Henniker Sign Language
  • Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
  • Old French Sign Language – ancestral to the French family
  • Old Kent Sign Language – used in Kent villages in the 17th century, later incorporated into the British Sign Language.
  • Sandy River Valley Sign Language

Auxiliary sign languages

[edit]
  • Baby Sign – using signs to assist early language development in young children.
  • Contact Sign – a pidgin or contact language between a spoken language and a sign language, e.g. Pidgin Sign English (PSE).
  • Curwin Hand Signs – a technique which allows musical notes to be communicated through hand signs.
  • International Sign (previously known as Gestuno) – an auxiliary language used by deaf people in international settings.
  • Makaton – a system of signed communication used by and with people who have speech, language or learning difficulties.
  • Mofu-Gudur Sign Language – conventional gestures used by speakers of Mofu-Gudur, a Chadic language spoken in northern Cameroon.
  • Monastic sign language - sign languages used in Christian monasteries in Europe.
  • Signalong – international sign assisted communication techniques used to support children and adults with communication or learning difficulties

Manual modes of spoken languages

[edit] Further information: Manually coded language

Manual modes of spoken languages include:

  • General
    • Cued Speech – a hand/mouth system (HMS) to render spoken language phonemes visually intelligible.
    • Fingerspelling – alphabetic signs to represent the written form of a spoken language.
  • English
    • Manually Coded English
    • Signing Exact English (SEE2)
    • Makaton
  • Malay
    • Bahasa Malaysia Kod Tangan (BMKT)
  • Speech-taboo languages
    • Caucasian Sign Language
    • Australian Aboriginal sign languages (though Yolŋu Sign Language does not correspond to any one language, and doubles as a language of the deaf)

Genetic classification of sign languages

[edit] Main article: Sign language § Classification

Languages are assigned families (implying a genetic relationships between these languages) as British, Swedish (perhaps a branch of BSL), French (with branches ASL (American), Austro-Hungarian, Danish, Italian), German, Japanese, and language isolates.

BANZSL family tree
Old British Sign Language (c. 1760–1900)
Maritime SL(c. 1860–present)Swedish SL family?(c. 1800–present)
Papua NG SL(c. 1990–present)Auslan(c. 1860–present)New Zealand SL(c. 1870–present)British SL(c. 1900–present)Northern Ireland SL(c. 1920–present)South African SL(c. 1860–present)
Danish Sign Language family tree
French Sign (c. 1760–present)local/home sign
Danish Sign(c. 1800–present)
Faroese Sign(c. 1960–present)Greenlandic Sign(c. 1950–present)Icelandic Sign(c. 1910–present)Norwegian Sign(c. 1820–present)
Malagasy Sign(c. 1950–present)
French Sign Language family tree
Old French Sign Language(influenced by l'Epée c. 1760–89)
Belgian Sign Language(c. 1790–2000)Austro-Hungarian Sign Language(c. 1780–1920)
American Sign Language(c. 1820–present)French Sign Language(c. 1790–present)French Belgian Sign Language(c. 1970–present)Flemish Sign Language(c. 1970–present)Dutch Sign Language(c. 1790–present)Italian Sign Language(c. 1830–present)
Bhutanese Sign LanguageBlack American Sign LanguageBolivian Sign LanguageCosta Rican Sign LanguageJamaican Sign LanguagePuerto Rican Sign LanguageDominican Sign Language
Swedish Sign Language family tree
Old British Sign Language? (c. 1760–1900)
Swedish Sign Language(c. 1800–present)
Portuguese Sign Language(c. 1820–present)Finnish Sign Language(c. 1850–present)
Cape Verdian Sign Language(c. 20th century–present)Finland-Swedish Sign Language(c. 1850–present)Eritrean Sign Language(c. 1950–present)
São Tomé and Príncipe Sign Language?(c. 21st century–present)

See also

[edit]
  • Contact sign
  • Intercultural competence
  • Legal recognition of sign languages
  • List of sign languages by number of native signers
  • Manual alphabet
  • Sign language
  • World Federation of the Deaf

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Woodward, James (1991), "The relationship of sign language varieties in India, Pakistan, and Nepal", Sign Language Studies, 78: 15–22.
  2. ^ Parkhurst, Stephen; Parkhurst, Dianne (1998), "Introduction to Sign Language survey", Notes on Sociolinguistics, 3: 215–42.
  3. ^ Ciupek-Reed, Julia (2012), Participatory methods in sociolinguistic sign language survey: A case study in El Salvador (PDF) (MA thesis), University of North Dakota, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-26, retrieved 2012-09-10.
  4. ^ Aldersson, Russell R; McEntee-Atalianis, Lisa J (2007), A Lexical Comparison of Icelandic Sign Language and Danish Sign Language, Studies in Applied Linguistics, Birkbeck, archived from the original on 2021-05-14, retrieved 2012-09-10.
  5. ^ For a classification, Wittmann, Henri (1991), "Classification linguistique des langues signées non vocalement" [Linguistic classification of non vocally signed languages] (PDF), Revue québécoise de linguistique théorique et appliquée (in French), 10 (1): 215–88, archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-12, retrieved 2012-10-30.
  6. ^ Kamei, Nobutaka. The Birth of Langue des Signes Franco-Africaine: Creole ASL in West and Central French-speaking Africa, paper presented at Languages and Education in Africa (LEA), University of Oslo, June 19–22, 2006.
  7. ^ Kamei, Nobutaka (2004). The Sign Languages of Africa, "Journal of African Studies" (Japan Association for African Studies) Vol. 64, March, 2004. [NOTE: Kamei lists 23 African sign languages in this article].
  8. ^ "History of the deaf and sign languages in Africa" (in Japanese). Aacore. December 25, 2006. Archived from the original on June 4, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  9. ^ "Africa – Sign Language". LibGuides. Gallaudet University Library. 2012-03-07. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
  10. ^ Diane Brentari, Sign Languages, p 406
  11. ^ "Structure of ASL and Libras". University of Connecticut. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  12. ^ "Lei 10.436 de 24 de abril de 2002". Brazilian Government. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
  13. ^ Clark, Brenda Rae (December 2017). A Grammatical Sketch of Sivia Sign Language (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-08. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
  14. ^ Pamela Perniss, Roland Pfau, Markus Steinbach; Visible Variation. Walter de Gruyter, 2007. (p.ix)
  15. ^ EUD. "European Union of the deaf: Cyprus". Eud.eu. Archived from the original on 2014-11-22. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
  16. ^ "Mardin Sign Language". University of Central Lancashire. 2010-09-16. Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
[edit]
  • Ethnologue – Deaf sign languages
  • Multiple accessible sign languages dictionaries
  • Signes du Monde, directory for all online Sign Languages dictionaries (in French and English)
  • v
  • t
  • e
Sign language
  • List of sign languages
  • List by number of signers
Languagefamilies[a]
Sign languages by family
Australian Aboriginal (multiple families)[c]
  • Diyari
  • Djingili
  • Eltye eltyarrenke
  • Iltyeme iltyeme
  • Jaralde
  • Kalkutungu
  • Miriwoong
  • Mudburra
  • Pitha Pitha
  • Rdaka rdaka
  • Umpila
    • Far North Queensland
  • Warlmanpa
  • Warluwara
  • Warramunga
  • Worora Kinship
  • Yan-nhaŋu
  • Yir Yoront
  • Yolŋu
Western Desert
  • Kartutjarra
  • Manjiljarra
  • Ngaatjatjarra
Zendath Kesign
  • Meriam
  • Western Torres Strait Islander
Arab (Ishaaric)
  • Egyptian
  • Kuwaiti
  • Libyan
  • Qatari Unified
  • Yemeni
Iraqi– Levantine
  • Iraqi
Levantine
  • Jordanian
  • Lebanese
  • Palestinian
  • Syrian
Possible
  • Emirati
  • Saudi
  • Omani
Chinese Sign
  • Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
    • Shanghai
      • Hong Kong (HKSL)
        • Macau
Chilean-Paraguayan- Uruguayan Sign
  • Chilean (LSCh)
Paraguayan- Uruguayan Sign
  • Paraguay (LSPY)
  • Uruguay (LSU)
Francosign
  • Algerian (LSA)
  • Swiss-German (DSGS)
  • Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
  • Irish (ISL)
    • Australian-Irish
  • Brazilian (Libras)
  • Lithuanian
  • Catalan (LSC)
    • Valencian (LSV)
  • French (LSF)
    • Old French[c]
  • Romanian (LSR)
American (ASLic)
  • American (ASL)
    • Black ASL (BASL)
    • Protactile
  • Bolivian
  • Burmese
    • Yangon
    • Mandalay
  • Cambodian
  • Costa Rican
  • Dominican
  • Guyanese
  • Jamaican
  • Malaysian (BIM)
  • Panamanian
  • Filipino (FSL)
  • Puerto Rican (PRSL)
  • Singapore (SgSL)
Indonesian (Nusantaric)
  • Indonesian (Bisindo)
    • Jakarta
    • Yogyakarta
Francophone African(Françafrosign)
  • Ethiopian
  • Chadian
  • Ghanaian
  • Guinean
  • Bamako (LaSiMa)
  • Moroccan
  • Nigerian
  • Sierra Leonean
Mixed, Hand Talk
  • Oneida (OSL)
Mixed, Hoailona ʻŌlelo
  • Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
Mixed, French (LSF)
  • Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
    • Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
  • Quebec (LSQ)
Austro- Hungarian
  • Czech (ČZJ)
  • Hungarian (Magyar Jelnyev)
  • Austrian (ÖGS)
  • Slovak (SPJ)
  • Ukrainian (УЖМ/USL)
Russian Sign
  • Azerbaijani (AİD)
  • Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
  • Georgian
  • Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
  • Latvian (LSL)
  • Mongolian
  • Russian (РЖЯ)
Yugoslavic Sign
  • Croatian (HZJ)
  • Kosovar
  • Serbian
  • Slovenian
  • Yugoslav (YSL)
Dutch Sign
  • Dutch (NGT)
  • Gambian
Italian Sign
  • Italian (LIS)
  • Tunisian (TSL)
Mexican Sign
  • Mexican (LSM)
  • Honduran (LESHO)
Old Belgian
  • Flemish (VGT)
  • French Belgian (LSFB)
Danish (Tegnic)
  • Malagasy
  • Icelandic (Táknmál)
  • Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
  • Danish (Tegnsprog)
  • Faroese (Teknmál)
Viet-Thai
  • Hai Phong
  • Hanoi
  • Ho Chi Minh
  • Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
Hand Talk
  • Great Basin
  • Northeast
  • Plains Sign Talk
  • Southeast
  • Southwest
Mixed, American (ASL)
  • Oneida (OSL)
Plateau
  • A'aninin
  • Kalispel
  • Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
  • Nesilextcl'n
  • Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
  • Sqeliz
Indo-Pakistani Sign
  • Bangalore-Madras
  • Beluchistan
  • Bengali
  • Bombay
  • Calcutta
  • Delhi
  • Nepali
  • North West Frontier Province
  • Punjab-Sindh
Japanese Sign
  • Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
  • Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
  • Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
Kentish[c]
  • Old Kentish
  • Chilmark
    • Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
Maya (Meemul Tziij /Meemul Ch'aab'al)
  • Highland Maya
  • Yucatec
    • Chicán
    • Nohkop
    • Nohya
    • Trascorral
    • Cepeda Peraza
NW Eurosign
BANZSL
  • Auslan
    • Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
  • British (BSL)
    • Northern Ireland (NISL)
  • Fijian
  • Maritime (MSL)
  • New Zealand (NZSL)
  • Samoan
  • South African (SASL)
Swedish Sign
  • Eritrean (EriSL)
  • Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
  • Portuguese (LGP)
    • Cape Verdian (LGC)
    • São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP)
  • Swedish (Teckenspråk)
  • Finnish (Viittomakieli)
German Sign
  • German (DGS)
  • Polish (PJM)
  • Israeli (Shassi)
Original Thai Sign
  • Chiangmai
  • Hai Phong
  • Old Bangkok
Paget Gorman
  • Namibian (NSL)
Providencia– Cayman Sign
  • Providence Island (Provisle)
  • Old Cayman (Guyanese)
Isolates
  • Afghan
  • Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
  • Albanian (AlbSL)
  • Albarradas Sign Language
  • Alipur
  • Argentine (LSA)
  • Armenian
  • Caucasian (Harsneren)[c]
  • Bay Islands
  • Belizean
  • Berbey
  • Bhutanese
  • Bouakako (LaSiBo)
  • Bribri
  • Brunca
  • Bura
  • Carhuahuaran
  • Cena
  • Central Taurus (CTSL/OTİD)
  • Chatino
  • Chiriqui
  • Cuban (LSC)
  • Dogon/Douentza
  • Ecuadorian (LSEC)
  • Enga
  • Ghandruk
  • Ghardaia (AJSL)
  • Guatemalan (Lensegua)
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Henniker[c]
  • Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
  • Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
    • Creole HSL
  • Inuit
    • Inuit Uukturausingit (IUR)
    • Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
  • Jhankot
  • Jumla
  • Ka'apor
  • Kajana
  • Kafr Qasim
  • Kailge
  • Kata Kolok
  • Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
    • Somali (SSL)
  • Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
  • Kisindo
  • Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
  • Macedonian
  • Malawian
  • Maltese (LSM)
  • Mardin
  • Maroua
  • Maunabudhuk–Bodhe
  • Mauritian (MSL)
  • M'bour
  • Mehek
  • Miyakubo Shuwa
  • Burkina (Mossi)
  • Mount Avejaha
  • Mozambican
  • Naga
  • Navajo/Diné Family
  • Nicaraguan (ISN)
  • Old Costa Rican
  • Orocovis (LSOR)
  • Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
  • Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
  • Penang
  • Persian (Esharani)
  • Peruvian (LSP)
    • Inmaculada
  • Qahveh Khaneh
  • Rennellese[c]
  • Rossel Island
  • Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
  • Sandy River Valley[c]
  • Salvadoran (LESSA)
  • Sawmill
  • Sinasina (SSSL)
  • Sivia
  • South Rupununi
  • Spanish (LSE)
  • Tebul
  • Terena
  • Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
  • Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
  • Turkish (TİD)
  • Ugandan (USL)
  • Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
  • Wanib
  • West African
    • Adamorobe (AdaSL/Mumu kasa)
    • Bura (Burasl)
    • Mofu-Gudur
    • Nanabin (NanabinSL)
  • Yoruban (YSL)
  • Zambian (ZSL)
Other groupings
  • Amami Shuwa languages
  • Ethiopian languages
  • Laotian languages
  • Rwandan languages
  • Sri Lankan languages
  • Sudanese languages (~150)[b]
  • Tanzanian languages (7+)[b]
  • Zimsign languages
  • International Sign
  • Village languages
By region[a]
Sign languages by region
Africa Algeria Algerian Ghardaia Cameroon Maroua Cape Verde Cape Verdian (LGC) Ghana Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa) Nanabin Ivory Coast Bouakako (LaSiBo) Kenya Kenyan Malawi Malawian Mali Bamako (LaSiMa) Berbey Tebul Mozambique Mozambican Nigeria Bura Hausa (Magannar Hannu) Rwanda Rwandan (Amarenga) São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP) Senegal Mbour Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti Somali South Africa South African Tanzania Tanzanian Uganda Ugandan Zambia Zambian
Asia Bengal Bengali Cambodia Cambodian China Chinese Hong Kong Hong Kong (HKSL) India Alipur Bengali Indo-Pakistani Naga Indonesia Indonesian Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese) Iran Iranian (Esharani) Qahveh Khaneh Iraq Iraqi Kurdish Israel Al-Sayyid Bedouin Ghardaia Israeli Kafr Qasem Japan Japanese Koniya Miyakubo Korea Korean Kazakhstan Kazakh-Russian Laos Laotian Malaysia Malaysian Penang Selangor Maldives Maldives Mongolia Mongolian Nepal Ghandruk Jhankot Jumla Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Nepalese Philippines Filipino Saudi Arabia Saudi Singapore Singapore Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Taiwan Taiwanese Tajikistan Russian Tibet Tibetan (Bökyi lagda) Thailand Old Bangkok Chiangmai Thai Ban Khor (Pasa kidd) Vietnam Vietnamese
Europe Armenia Armenian Austria Austrian Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Belgium Flemish French Belgian United Kingdom British Croatia Croatian Denmark Danish Faroese (Teknmál) Estonia Estonian Finland Finnish France Ghardaia French Lyons Georgia Georgian Germany German Greece Greek Hungary Hungarian Iceland Icelandic Ireland Irish Italy Italian Kosovo Yugoslav (Kosovar) Latvia Latvian Lithuania Lithuanian Moldova Russian Netherlands Dutch North Macedonia Macedonian Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Norway Norwegian Poland Polish Portugal Portuguese Russia Russian Slovenia Slovenian Spain Catalan Spanish Valencian Sweden Swedish Switzerland Swiss-German Turkey Central Taurus (CTSL/OTİD) Mardin Turkish Ukraine Ukrainian
North andCentralAmerica Belize Belizean Canada American (ASL) Black ASL Protactile Hand Talk Oneida (OSL) Plateau Inuit (IUR) Maritime (MSL) Sawmill Quebec Cayman Old Cayman Costa Rica Bribri Brunca Old Costa Rican New Costa Rican Cuba Cuban Greenland Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq) Guatemala Guatemalan Mayan Haiti Haitian Honduras Bay Islands Honduran Mexico Albarradas Chatino Mayan Mexican Nicaragua Nicaraguan Panama Chiriqui Panamanian Puerto Rico (USA) American (ASL) Puerto Rican Orocovis El Salvador Salvadoran (LESSO) Old Salvadoran United States American (ASL) Black ASL Protactile Hand Talk Oneida (OSL) Plateau Henniker Keresan (Keresign) Martha's Vineyard Navajo Family Sandy River Valley Sawmill
Oceania Australia Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke) Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme) Auslan Australian-Irish Manjiljarra Mudbura (Mudburra) Ngada Umpila Far North Queensland Warlmanpa Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka) Warumungu (Warramunga) Western Desert Western Torres Strait Islander Yir Yoront Yolŋu Hawaii (USA) Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo) New Zealand New Zealand (NZSL) Papua New Guinea Enga Kailge Mehek Mount Avejaha Papua New Guinean (PNGSL) Rossel Island Sinasina Wanib Samoa and American Samoa Samoan
South America Argentina Argentine (LSA) Bolivia Bolivian Brazil Brazilian (Libras) Cena Ka'apor South Rupununi Terena Chile Chilean Colombia Colombian Provisle Ecuador Ecuadorian Guyana Guyanese South Rupununi Paraguay Paraguayan Peru Carhuahuaran Inmaculada Peruvian Sivia Suriname Kajana Uruguay Uruguayan Venezuela Venezuelan
International
  • International Sign
  • Makaton
  • Monastic
  • Signalong
ASL
  • Grammar
  • Idioms
  • Literature
  • Profanity
  • Name signs
Extinct languages
  • Chilmark
  • Diyari
  • Jaralde
  • Kalkutungu
  • Henniker Sign Language
  • Martha's Vineyard
  • Old French
  • Old Kent
  • Plateau Sign Language
  • Pitha Pitha
  • Sandy River Valley Sign Language
  • Warluwara
Linguistics
  • Grammar (ASL)
  • Bimodal bilingualism
  • Phonology (ASL)
  • Handshape / Location / Orientation / Movement / Expression
  • Mouthing
  • Nonmanual feature
  • Sign names
  • Home sign
Fingerspelling
  • American
  • British (two-handed)
  • Catalan
  • Chilean
  • Esperanto
  • French
  • German
  • Hungarian
  • Irish
  • Japanese
  • Korean
  • Polish
  • Russian
  • Serbo-Croatian
  • Spanish
  • Ukrainian
  • Portuguese
Writing
  • ASL-phabet
  • Hamburg Notation System
  • Stokoe notation
  • SignWriting
  • si5s
  • ASLwrite ()
Language contact
  • Contact sign
  • Initialized sign
  • Mouthing
Signed Oral Languages
  • Indian Signing System
  • Manually coded English
  • Manually coded language in South Africa
  • Manually Coded Malay
  • Paget Gorman Sign System
  • Signed Dutch
  • Signed French
  • Signed German
  • Signed Italian
  • Signed Japanese
  • Signed Polish
  • Signed Spanish
  • Signing Exact English
  • Signed Swedish
Others
  • Bilingual–bicultural education
  • Manually coded language
Media
  • Films (list)
  • Television shows (list)
Persons
  • Jabbar Baghtcheban
  • Jeanette Berglind
  • Pär Aron Borg
  • Thomas Braidwood
  • Laurent Clerc
  • Abbé de l'Épée
  • Roger Fouts
  • Valerie Sutton
  • Thomas Gallaudet
  • Abbé Sicard
  • William Stokoe
  • Pierre Pélissier
Organisations
  • Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
  • International Center on Deafness and the Arts
  • Mimics and Gesture Theatre
  • World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
Miscellaneous
  • Baby sign language
  • CHCI chimpanzee center (Washoe, Loulis)
  • Open Outcry
  • Legal recognition
  • U.S. Army hand and arm signals
  • Monastic sign languages
  • Tactile signing
  • Protactile
  • Tic-tac
^a Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely, ASL and BSL both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to French Sign Language.

^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.

^c Italics indicate extinct languages.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sign_languages&oldid=1332961764" Categories:
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  • Lists of languages
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