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Short and long arms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

In biology and evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the locus for a particular biological trait.

Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at some locus are called homozygous, while those that have different alleles at a locus, heterozygous.

Nomenclature

The chromosomal locus of a gene might be written "6p21.3".

Component Explanation
6 The chromosome number.
p The position is on the chromosome's short arm (p for petit in French); q indicates the long arm.
21.3 The numbers following the letter represent the position on the arm: band 21, sub-band 3. The bands are visible under a microscope when the chromosome is suitably stained. Each of the bands is numbered, beginning with 1 for the band nearest the centromere. Sub-bands and sub-sub-bands are visible at higher resolution.

A range of locations is specified in a similar way. For example, the locus of gene OCA1 may be written "11q1.4-q2.1", meaning it is on the long arm of chromosome 11, somewhere in the range of sub-band 4 of band 1, and sub-band 1 of band 2.

The ends of a chromosome are labeled "ptel" and "qtel", and so "2qtel" refers to the telomere of the long arm of chromosome 2.

External links

  • Overview at ornl.gov
Chromosome.(1) Chromatid. One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after S phase.(2) Centromere. The point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach.(3) Short arm(4) Long arm.
Example of bands

de:Genlocus fa:لوکوس gl:Locus hu:Lókusz id:lokus it:Locus lv:Lokuss nl:Locus (biologie)

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Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Locus_(genetics)&oldid=678707" Categories:
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