Mal- - Wiktionary
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "mal"
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French mal- from Latin male (“badly”), from malus (“bad”).
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- bad, badly Synonym: mis-
- evil malism, malinfluence
- unhealthy, harmful maleffect
- unpleasant malodor
- incorrect Synonyms: para-, dis-, dys-, mis- maldifferentiation
- incomplete, unfinished maldescent
- poorly, deficiently Synonyms: under-, hypo-, dys- malfed, malnourished, malcirculation
- unintentional, mistaken, accidental Synonym: mis- malcommunication
- not Synonyms: a-, an-, dys-, in-, non-, un- maladherence, malcontent
Derived terms
[edit] English terms prefixed with mal- malabsorb malabsorbed malabsorption malabsorptive malaccident maladapt maladaptability maladaptable maladaptation maladaptative maladapted maladaptive maladdress maladherence maladjust maladjusted maladjustment maladminister maladministration maladministrator malaligned malalignment malapert malapplication malapplied malappointment malapportioned malapportionment malapposed malapposition malappropriate malappropriation malarranged malarrangement malarticulate malassimilation malassociation malbehavior malcirculation malcode malcommunication malcompensate malcompensation malconceived malcondition malconduct malconformation malconstruction malcontent malcoordinated malcultivation maldeployment maldescent maldeveloped maldevelopment maldifferentiation maldigest maldigested maldigestion maldigestive maldirection maldisposition maldistributed maldistribution maleducation maleducative maleffect malemploy malemployed malemployment Malenglish maleruption malphemism malexecution malfeature malfed malfixation malfolded malfolding malform malformity malformation malformatted malformed malfunction malfunctional malgender malgovernance malgovernment malhygiene malidentification maliferous malinfluence malinformation malinformed malinstruction malintegration malintent malintention malinvest malinvestment malism malist maljunction malmanagement malnormal malnormality malnourish malnourishment malnourished malnutrition malobservance malobservation malocclude malocclusion malodor malodorous malodour maloperation malorganization malorganized malorientation maloriented malparkage malparry malperfusion malpigmentation malplaced malplacement malplacentation malpoise malpose malposition malpositioned malposture malpractice malpractitioner malpresent malpresentation malproliferation malproportion malproportioned malreasoning malresorptive malrotated malrotation malsegregation maltaxation maltorsion maltracking maltreat malturned malunion malunited malwareAnagrams
[edit]- ALM, AML, LAM, Lam, Lam., M.L.A., MLA, alm, lam
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From mal.
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- poorly, badly
Derived terms
[edit] Catalan terms prefixed with mal- malastre malbaratar malbé maldestre maldormir malentendre malestar malfeiner malferir malfiar-se malgarbat malgrat malaguanyat malmenar malmetre malnom malparlar malson maltractar malvendre malversar malviureFurther reading
[edit]- “mal-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French mal- in its secondary sense of denoting the opposite.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /mal-/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -al-
- Syllabification: mal-
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- denotes opposites mal- + alta (“high”) → malalta (“low”) mal- + ami (“to love”) → malami (“to hate”) mal- + dekstra (“right”) → maldekstra (“left”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Speakers of languages where words similar to mal- have meanings related to badness or evil should remember that mal- indicates solely the antonym, with no pejorative value. Affixes with pejorative connotations include mis- (“wrongly, incorrectly, poorly”), fi- (“shameful”), and -aĉ- (“inferior in quality, contemptible”).
- Despite the availability of mal-, many words denoting opposites are available; for example malgranda and eta (“small”), or malgaja and trista (“sad”). Some of these are poetic or rare, but others have passed into more or less common use. Mal- may and often is still used to produce the opposite, though in certain cases it might have a slightly different connotation; e.g. malpaco (“turmoil, strife”) vs. milito (“war”).
- When it is necessary to distinguish between the contrary of a sense and the absence of it, the latter may be indicated with ne- (“not”) or sen- (“without”). For example, malamiko (“enemy”) contrasts with neamiko "non-friend" (e.g. a stranger or acquaintance).
Derived terms
[edit]- mala (“opposite”, adjective)
- malo (“opposite”, noun)
- male (“on the contrary”)
See also
[edit]- ne-, sen-, kontraŭ-
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French mal-, from Old French mal-, from mal (“bad; badly”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /mal/
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- badly; wrongly mal- + faisant → malfaisant (“harmful”)
- denotes the opposite of the unprefixed form
Derived terms
[edit] French terms prefixed with mal- maladroit malaise malchance malcommode maldisposition malencontre malentendant malentendu malfaçon malfaisant malfamé malhabile malheureux malhonnête Malnoue malnutrition malodorant maupiteux malpoli malpropre malpropreté malsonnant maltraiter malvoyantItalian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- bad; badly
Derived terms
[edit] Italian terms prefixed with mal- malaccetto malacconcio malaccorto malaffare malagevole malagiato malandato malanimo malaria malaugurato malauguroso malavveduto malavventurato malavvezzo malcauto malcerto malcollocato malcomposto malconoscente malconsiderato malcoperto malcorrisposto malcostumato malcreato malcurante maldestro maldigerito maldurevole malfido malgarbo malgiudicare malgovernabile malgradito malgrado malagrazia malguardato malgusto malmisurato malmostoso malpancista malparato malpari malparlante malpratico malproprio malprovveduto malprovvisto malridotto malriuscito malasanità malservito malsicuro malsoddisfatto malsofferente malsussistente maltagliati maltagliato maltinto maltollerabile maltollerante maltrattare malusanza malvissutoMaltese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /mal/
- Rhymes: -al
Preposition
[edit]mal-
- definite form of ma’ used before vowels or qamri consonants. mal-mara ― with the woman mal-idea ― with the idea
Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- mau-
Etymology
[edit]From Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- bad; badly
Synonyms
[edit]- mes-
Derived terms
[edit] Old French terms prefixed with mal- malfesourPortuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- bad; badly
- poorly
- barely, hardly
Further reading
[edit]- “mal-”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
- “mal-”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin male (“badly”).
Prefix
[edit]mal-
- bad; badly
Derived terms
[edit] Spanish terms prefixed with mal- malabsorción malavenido malbaratar malcriado maldistribución maldormir maleducado malentender malfollado malformación malfuncionamiento malfuncionar malgastar malhabido malhablado malherir malintencionado malinterpretación malinterpretar malograr malnutrición maloliente malparado malquerer malsano maltratar maltrecho malvender malversarTag » What Does The Prefix Mal Mean
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