Maryland | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts | Britannica

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The Coastal Plain covers about half of Maryland’s land area, yielding to the region called the Piedmont Plateau at a fall line running from the northern tip of the District of Columbia through Baltimore and to near the northeastern corner of the state. The Catoctin ridgeline in the west forms the gateway to the Appalachians.

The Eastern Shore, the area east of Chesapeake Bay, is flat with extensive wetlands. The maximum elevation there is 100 feet (30 meters) above sea level. The area west of the Chesapeake, called the Western Shore, is generally flat, but some low hills reach heights of 300 to 400 feet (90 to 120 meters). Most of the Coastal Plain is farmland with small rural communities, except for the urban areas of Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Salisbury, and Ocean City.

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Maryland’s share of the Appalachian Mountains comprises a series of forested barriers, with many of the intervening valleys still uncleared. Backbone Mountain, hugging the West Virginia line, is the highest point in Maryland, at 3,360 feet (1,024 meters).

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