Mobile Network Architecture Evolution - 1G To 4G

Home » Architecture 4g Mobile Communication » Mobile Network Architecture Evolution - 1G To 4G

Maybe your like

Academia.eduAcademia.eduLog InSign Up
  • Log In
  • Sign Up
  • more
    • About
    • Press
    • Papers
    • Terms
    • Privacy
    • Copyright
    • We're Hiring!
    • Help Center
    • less

Outline

keyboard_arrow_downTitleAbstractKey TakeawaysFiguresReferencesFAQsAll TopicsComputer ScienceComputer NetworksFirst page of “Mobile Network Architecture Evolution - 1G to 4G”PDF Icondownload

Download Free PDF

Download Free PDFMobile Network Architecture Evolution - 1G to 4GProfile image of Nigel LingeNigel LingeProfile image of Andy SuttonAndy Suttonvisibility

…

description

7 pages

descriptionSee full PDFdownloadDownload PDF bookmarkSave to LibraryshareShareclose

Sign up for access to the world's latest research

Sign up for freearrow_forwardcheckGet notified about relevant paperscheckSave papers to use in your researchcheckJoin the discussion with peerscheckTrack your impact

Abstract

This year (2015) the mobile phone celebrates its 30th birthday in the UK. But while the physical handset may take centre stage, where would it be without that all important supporting cast, the mobile network? Andy Sutton and Nigel Linge explore the evolution of the mobile network architecture from 1G to 4G and onwards to 5G.

... Read more

Key takeawayssparkles

AI

  1. The mobile network architecture has evolved significantly from 1G analogue to 4G IP-based technologies.
  2. 1G networks had a capacity of 600 channels utilizing Frequency Modulation in the 890-950MHz range.
  3. 3G spectrum auctions in the UK cost operators £22.5 billion for access to the 2100MHz band.
  4. 4G technology introduced Carrier Aggregation, achieving peak data rates above 400 Mbit/s in recent tests.
  5. The text outlines the historical evolution of mobile networks and their impact on mobile communication.
Figures (6)arrow_back_ios
The original concept for 2 a cellular mobile phone network was first published in December 1947 by Douglas H. Ring in a Bell Labs memoranda entitled, “Mobile Telephony — Wide Area Coverage”. However, it was not until 1973 that it became a practical reality when Dr Martin Cooper and his team at Motorola produced the first working cell phone [1]. These first mobiles and their networks used the Advanced Mobile Phone Service standard and were entirely based on non-encrypted ANDY SUTTON NIGEL LINGE Network architectures behind the mobile phone
The original concept for 2 a cellular mobile phone network was first published in December 1947 by Douglas H. Ring in a Bell Labs memoranda entitled, “Mobile Telephony — Wide Area Coverage”. However, it was not until 1973 that it became a practical reality when Dr Martin Cooper and his team at Motorola produced the first working cell phone [1]. These first mobiles and their networks used the Advanced Mobile Phone Service standard and were entirely based on non-encrypted ANDY SUTTON NIGEL LINGE Network architectures behind the mobile phone
Figure 1: Network architecture of a 2G (GSM) and 2.5G (GPRS) mobile network
Figure 1: Network architecture of a 2G (GSM) and 2.5G (GPRS) mobile network
Figure 2: 3GPP Release 99 3G (UMTS) network architecture architecture of an EDGE network is the same as that used by GPRS. Orange was the first in the UK to launch EDGE on 8 February 2006 but any further increase in data rate would only be met through a more substantial network re-design. 3GPP UMTS technology was very different to the GSM technology of the day which necessitated the network operators to rollout a new network in parallel with existing 2G systems which was known as the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). 3G introduced a new radio interface technology based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) along with a new network architecture and broadband Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) connectivity between the radio base stations, radio network controllers and core network nodes, circuit switched and
Figure 2: 3GPP Release 99 3G (UMTS) network architecture architecture of an EDGE network is the same as that used by GPRS. Orange was the first in the UK to launch EDGE on 8 February 2006 but any further increase in data rate would only be met through a more substantial network re-design. 3GPP UMTS technology was very different to the GSM technology of the day which necessitated the network operators to rollout a new network in parallel with existing 2G systems which was known as the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). 3G introduced a new radio interface technology based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) along with a new network architecture and broadband Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) connectivity between the radio base stations, radio network controllers and core network nodes, circuit switched and
The RNC is the network controller which architecturally is the peer of the GSM BSC; however, it has much more functionality as the R99 Node B is a simple Layer 2 relay. The RNC is responsible for overall system access control, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, mobility management and radio resource management, including macro diversity. Additionally the RNC plays a key role in managing mobility due to the use of soft-handover in UMTS, hence the new lur interface between RNCs. The Media Gatewav (MGW) manaaes
The RNC is the network controller which architecturally is the peer of the GSM BSC; however, it has much more functionality as the R99 Node B is a simple Layer 2 relay. The RNC is responsible for overall system access control, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, mobility management and radio resource management, including macro diversity. Additionally the RNC plays a key role in managing mobility due to the use of soft-handover in UMTS, hence the new lur interface between RNCs. The Media Gatewav (MGW) manaaes
Figure 5: Multi-band cell site with 6-port cross-polarised antennas
Figure 5: Multi-band cell site with 6-port cross-polarised antennas
Figure 6: 3GPP Release 8 4G (LTE) network architecture
Figure 6: 3GPP Release 8 4G (LTE) network architecture
arrow_forward_ios

Related papers

A Survey Report on " Generations of Network: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G " TABLE OF CONTENTSWasim SulehriadownloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightEvolution of cellular telephony: from 1G to 3GAloysius Yoko

Cellular telephony encompasses the use of cellular phones to place voice calls, exchange short messages, transmit data, browse the web, and issue multimedia calls. In this topic we describe the evolution of cellular telephony mobile networks, mobile terminal features, and elaborate on the associated cellular services and underlying supporting technologies.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightMobile Networks Beyond 4GHilary Frank

There have been four generations of wireless networks. Since its inception in the early 1980s, mobile communication has evolved with each succeeding generation emerging approximately every 10 years and introducing additional services to users. Demand for bandwidth capacity has grown with every generation. Available spectrum is being increasingly limited by competing demands, while the primary device for internet connection is steadily becoming wireless. The present mobile generation is gradually reaching its capacity limits, necessitating rigorous studies to find ways of providing greater capacity beyond the current 4G. This paper aims at proposing a 5G solution and analyzing its capacity and range.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_right4G Mobile Network ArchitectureOlli martikainen

2001

The convergence of telecommunications, computing, and content industries has been one of the major trends during recent years. The convergence has led to the creation of a wide range of multimedia services that are available in digital form through the Internet. There is a need for user and terminal mobility supporting both personal communication and multimedia services on top of the Internet. To help meet this need, this paper presents ongoing research on the Fourth Generation (4G) roaming and mobility model. The 4G model is compatible with existing IP standards. The basic elements of the model are described and the model is compared to the GSM (2G) model.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightEvolution of Cellular Network: From 1G to 5GShivinder Devra, Karamdeep Singh

The need and demand of mobile and internet is increasing every day. Creation of technology and evolution of mobile industry has been initiated by mobile industry since early 1970s. First generation only provided voice communication facility, whereas second generation provided voice as well as data services. Further with more advancements in mobile wireless technology 3G provided us with video conferencing and etc. With increasing demand 4G came into existence and provided us with ultra-broadband internet access. 5G will be able to provide us facilities that one has never experienced till date. Our diversity of culture also plays a crucial role for this tremendous growth of mobile technology as they adopted this technology in friendly manner.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_right2G-4G Networks: Evolution of Technologies, Standards, and DeploymentTanu Jindal

Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and …, 2010

P r o f e s s o r , I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l g y D e p a r t m e n t C l a y t o n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Address: P r o f e s s o r , D e p a r t m e n t o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y C l a y t o n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightA four-tiered hierarchy in a converged fixed-mobile architecture, enabling personal networksnico baken

We present a new way of capturing the future technical infrastructure of a converged fixed-mobile infrastructure by means of a four-tiered hierarchy of one fixed and three different mobile and wireless (access) layers. With such a view, the current range of heterogeneous interconnected public and private networks can be easily modelled as a landscape of pockets (the mobile/wireless networks) with various depths and widths, connected by a drainage of high capacity (the fixed network) in which marbles (information) find their way. The metaphor clearly illustrates that higher demand for mobility will increase the need for a densely distributed high-capacity fixed access network. It also shows the high potential of the relatively new concept of personal networking. In the light of this model, we describe crucial technologies for fixed-mobile convergence, such as handover, roaming, and gateways. Summarising, we believe that our contribution in this paper could prove to be a helpful guideline to the telecom industry both from a strategic and operational perspective.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe Road to 4GNigel Linge, Andy Sutton

When Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola walked along Sixth Avenue in New York on 3 April, 1973, he entered the history books by becoming the fi rst person to make a mobile phone call. But this is just part of the story. Nigel Linge and Andy Sutton examine the past, present and future of mobile technology.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe Deployment of the Future Mobile NetworkACSIJ Journal

With the explosion of mobile services and the continuouse increase demand for a higher data traffic, a new high speed communication networks are required. Mobile networks are developing to increase the data speed and channels bandwidth inorder to meet the subscriber needs. Many attempts have been carried out to achieve the main demands of faster connectivity and download. 5G technolgy which refers to the 5 th Generation Mobile Tecnology is the new mobile network that will provide the users with more features and effeciency at the finest QoS (Quality of Service). This study presents most of the experemints and researches to deploy the new Mobile Network 5G, however it is still in its infancy stage and lacks standardization. Some of the proposed potential architecture for 5G are described in this article.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightPotential Scenarios and Drivers of the 4G EvolutionElias Aravantinos

Applications and Innovations, 2010

Nowadays, the mobile Internet communications can play a significant role in the Telecommunications Sector resolving certain issues and bottlenecks of the personal communications with most European countries close to 100% penetration and a global projection of 4 billion mobile users by 2011. As we are moving to the next generation, we are still lacking the precise definition of the architecture and the successful deployment path of the 4G technology. Several theories have been developed looking at different standards and aiming to select and develop the most promising one. In this paper we are introducing a study that aims to explain a new concept of "4G readiness" revealing long run national strategies for 4G deployment and suggesting some critical metrics that could indicate the future of this environment. We describe the methodology, scenarios and the expected results based on defined theories, historical observations and already developed criteria from other studies such as the E-readiness study.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightSee full PDFdownloadDownload PDFLoading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (4)

  1. Linge, N., and Sutton, A. The road to 4G. The Journal of the Institute of Telecommunications Professionals, Vol 8(1), Mar 2014
  2. Sutton, A. Mobile Backhaul -From Analogue to LTE. The Journal of the Institute of Telecommunications Professionals, Vol 7(3), Sep 2013
  3. FA.com Press Release. EE shows off Europe's fastest 4G at Wembley. Feb 2015. Available at: http://www.wembleystadium.com/Pr ess/Press-Releases/2015/2/EE- shows-off-Europes-fastest-4G-at-W embley
  4. Sutton, A., Tafazolli, R. 5G The Future of Mobile Communications. The Journal of the Institute of Telecommunications Professionals, Vol 9(1), Mar 2015

FAQs

sparkles

AI

What were the key limitations of the original 1G mobile networks?add

The mobile networks in 1G faced weaknesses such as poor call quality, lack of security, and no pan-European standard. For instance, UK mobile phones ceased to function across the English Channel.

How did the transition from 2G to 3G alter mobile data capabilities?add

The move from 2G to 3G introduced packet-switched services, allowing for higher data rates. UK operators paid £22.48 billion for spectrum to facilitate enhanced mobile services with 3G.

What technological advances characterized the shift to 4G networks?add

4G networks introduced Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced technologies, relying primarily on an all-IP architecture. The introduction of Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced enabled peak data rates surpassing 400 Mbit/s.

When did the first 4G network launch in the UK, and who operated it?add

The initial 4G network in the UK was launched by EE in October 2012, prior to the official auction. Subsequently, Vodafone and O2 launched theirs in August 2013.

How has mobile network architecture evolved from 1G to 4G?add

The architecture transitioned from a centralized model with the MSC in 1G to a distributed model with the eNB in 4G. This evolution allowed base stations to manage more functions such as mobility and traffic control autonomously.

Related papers

Evolution of Mobile Communications: from 1G to 4Gashwani kumar

Today, mobile communications play a central role in the voice/data network arena. With the deployment of mass scale 3G just around the corner, new directions are already being researched. In this paper we address the evolution of mobile communications, from its first generation, 1G, to the latest 3G and give a glimpse of foreseeable future of 4G.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightA Survey on Evolution of Mobile Networks:1G to 4GIjesrt Journal

International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2014

In this paper, we discuss generations of mobile networks and its step by step evolution. Mobile communications using wireless technology began in 1970s known as zeroth generation. Today it has reached till fourth Generation and several researchers are working on the designing and architectures of 5G. So here we focus on technologies associated with each generation and how the previous generations have helped the next generation to evolve and serve as a core technology by fulfilling the user’s requirement.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightEvolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4GJyotsna Sengupta

2010

Mobile communications systems revolutionized the way people communicate, joining together communications and mobility. A long way in a remarkably short time has been achieved in the history of wireless. Evolution of wireless access technologies is about to reach its fourth generation (4G). Looking past, wireless access technologies have followed different evolutionary paths aimed at unified target: performance and efficiency in high mobile environment. The first generation (1G) has fulfilled the basic mobile voice, while the second generation (2G) has introduced capacity and coverage. This is followed by the third generation (3G), which has quest for data at higher speeds to open the gates for truly “mobile broadband” experience, which will be further realized by the fourth generation (4G). The Fourth generation (4G) will provide access to wide range of telecommunication services, including advanced mobile services, supported by mobile and fixed networks, which are increasingly pack...

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightOverview on Generations of Network: 1G,2G,3G,4G,5GChiraz Zouzou

Evolution is the essence of impact left behind by every being, every technology. We have well seen the advancements in the field of Computer Network i.e. from a simple Telegraph invented in 18th Century to 5G Communication on the verge of being implemented in South Korea. Needs of human beings never ceases to terminate, but they surely do result in invention of new technologies to pacify them. In this paper, we provide an overview on Generations of Networks along with a brief introspection on 5G technology that will provide access to wide range of telecommunication services in accordance with service demands in multiuser environment.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightArchitectural Shift from 4G to 5G Wireless Mobile NetworksIJCSMC Journal

is proposed for the future. 5G will make use of Flat-IP Network architecture which will not only provide very high data rates but also provides increased spectrum efficiency, average cell throughput and supports ubiquitous computing. In this paper we discuss this evolution of wireless mobile network technology specifically the shift in the architecture from 4G to 5G to achieve a full real wireless world.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_right(R)evolution toward 4G mobile communication systemsDemetrios Kazakos

IEEE Wireless Communications, 2000

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightEvolution of 3G NetworksSebahate musadownloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightMoving to the 5GTatap Perets

Moving to the 5G, 2023

A general description of the evolution of mobile networks, highlighting the 5G network

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightkeyboard_arrow_downView more papers

Related topics

  • Cellular NetworksaddFollow
    • Academia
    • Explore
    • Papers
    • Topics
    • Features
    • Mentions
    • Analytics
    • PDF Packages
    • Advanced Search
    • Search Alerts
    • Journals
    • Academia.edu Journals
    • My submissions
    • Reviewer Hub
    • Why publish with us
    • Testimonials
    • Company
    • About
    • Careers
    • Press
    • Help Center
    • Terms
    • Privacy
    • Copyright
    • Content Policy
    Academia580 California St., Suite 400San Francisco, CA, 94104© 2026 Academia. All rights reserved

    Tag » Architecture 4g Mobile Communication