Monaco - PubMed

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PIP: The Principality of Monaco's population characteristics, history, government, political situation, economy, and foreign affairs were briefly described. Monaco, a constitutional monarchy, covers an area of only .6 of a square mile. It is situated on the Mediterranean coast and is surrounded by France on 3 sides. The country was founded as a colony of Genoa, Italy, in 1215, and since 1419, it has been ruled by the House of Grimaldi, except for a brief period of time when the country was under the rule of France. Monaco and France have close ties which have been confirmed by a series of treaties beginning in 1918. In accordance with these treaties, France recognizes the sovereignity of Monaco, and Monaco agrees to exercise its rights only in so far as they accord with French political, military, naval, and economic interests. The monarch was an absolute ruler until 1911 when the constitutional monarchy was established. In 1962, a new constitution was adopted. Under the new constitution, the monarch, or prince of Monaco, shares power with an 18-member elected ledgislative body, the National Council. The Council votes on the budget and endorses laws put forth by the monarch. The executive branch consists of 1) the prince as chief of state; 2) a minister of state, who is a French citizen, appointed by the prince from a list of 3 candidates put forth by the French Government; and 3) a 3-member cabinet. Currently the chief of state is Prince Rainier III, and the minister of state is Jean Herly. The country has a population of 27,000 and an annual population growth rate of 0.9%. The population is 47% French, 16% Italian, and 16% Monegasque. 95% of the inhabitants are Roman Catholic, and French is the official language. School is compulsory between the ages of 6-16 years, and the literacy rate is 100%. The country is an elite tourist center. Its popularity is due, in part, to the casino, which was established in Monaco in 1856. The casino which once was the country's major source of income now accounts for only 3% of the state's income. Major revenue sources include postage stamp sales, liquor and tobacco taxes, and registration fees. The state does not collect income or direct personal or corporate taxes. As a result of these liberal tax laws, numerous international business maintain their headquarters in Monaco. 28% of the countries gross national product (GNP) is derived from manufacturing and 37% from commerce. Economic statistics are not published by the government and are unavailable. Prince Rainer is committed to the economic development of the country and especially to the development of Monaco's real estate. An extensive coastal landfill project expanded the country's area by 20%, and this land is now being development as a tourist complex. Monaco is a permanent observer at the UN, and a member of several UN agencies. In addition it its close ties with France, Monaco has diplomatic legations in 8 other western European countries and honorary consulates in 45 countries. Monaco and the US maintain friendly relations.

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