Muscular - Wiktionary

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English

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Etymology

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Late 17th century; from muscle (Latin mūsculus) +‎ -ar. Compare French musculaire.

Pronunciation

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  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmʌs.kjʊl.ə/
    • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈmʌs.kjə.lɚ/
  • Rhymes: -ʌskjʊlə(ɹ)

Adjective

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muscular (comparative more muscular, superlative most muscular)

  1. (relational) Of, relating to, or connected with muscles.
    • 1912 February–July, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Under the Moons of Mars”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as “The Escape of the Dead”, in A Princess of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., 1917 October, →OCLC, page 18:It was an effort of the mind, of the will, of the nerves; not muscular, for I could not move even so much as my little finger, but none the less mighty for all that.
  2. Brawny, thewy, having strength. Synonyms: athletic, beefy, brawny, husky, lusty, muscled, muscly, powerful, sinewy, strapping, strong
    • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Two. The First of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 43:It was a strange figure—like a child: yet not so like a child as like an old man, [...] The arms were very long and muscular; the hands the same, as if its hold were of uncommon strength.
  3. Having large, well-developed muscles. Synonyms: beefy, brawny, buff, husky, musclebound, muscled, muscly, powerfully built, swole, well-built
  4. (figurative) Robust, strong. Synonym: vigorous
    • 2014 July 9, Samanth Subramanian, “India after English?”, in The New York Review of Books‎[1], archived from the original on 10 September 2019:Future prime ministers may struggle to replicate the sort of muscular countrywide support that [Narendra] Modi was able to earn.
    • 2025 February 26, Aziz Huq, “Conservatives on the Supreme Court May Not Fully Align With Trump”, in Politico:The conservative movement faces real internal contradictions. On the one hand, there is deep skepticism of Washington-based power — think of the tea party and its “Don’t tread on me” bumper stickers. On the other, there is an eager embrace of a muscular view of the presidency for Trump, and before him, George W. Bush and Dick Cheney.
    • 2025 May 13, Patrik Jonsson, “Beat cops to game wardens, Florida expands ‘army’ of immigration enforcers”, in The Christian Science Monitor:Playing out now, with Florida leading, is one of the most muscular policing movements in modern times.
  5. Full-bodied muscular wine

Derived terms

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  • Becker muscular dystrophy
  • bimuscular
  • cardiomuscular
  • corticomuscular
  • cutaneomuscular
  • dermomuscular
  • elastomuscular
  • electromuscular
  • epimuscular
  • epitheliomuscular
  • extramuscular
  • faciomuscular
  • faradomuscular
  • fibromuscular
  • hepatocardiomuscular
  • hypermuscular
  • idiomuscular
  • intermuscular
  • intramuscular
  • ligamentomuscular
  • most muscular
  • muscular Christian
  • muscular Christianity
  • muscular dystrophy
  • muscular endurance
  • muscularity
  • muscularize
  • muscular Judaism
  • muscularly
  • muscularness
  • muscular palate
  • muscular pile
  • muscular stomach
  • nervomuscular
  • neuromuscular
  • nonmuscular
  • osseomuscular, osteomuscular
  • overmuscular
  • paramuscular
  • perimuscular
  • premuscular
  • promuscular
  • psychoneuromuscular
  • retromuscular
  • seromuscular
  • skeletomuscular
  • spinal muscular atrophies
  • spinal muscular atrophy
  • submuscular
  • supramuscular
  • tendinomuscular, tendomuscular
  • transmuscular
  • trimuscular
  • undermuscular
  • unimuscular
  • unmuscular
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  • musculature
  • musculo-

Translations

[edit] of or relating to muscles
  • Albanian: muskulor (sq)
  • Arabic: عَضَلِيّ (ʕaḍaliyy)
  • Belarusian: мы́шачны (mýšačny), му́скульны (múskulʹny), цяглі́чны (cjahlíčny)
  • Bulgarian: му́скулен (múskulen)
  • Catalan: muscular (ca)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 肌肉的 (zh) (jīròu de)
  • Czech: svalový (cs), muskulární (cs)
  • Danish: muskulær
  • Dutch: musculair (nl), spier- (nl)
  • Estonian: lihase- (et), lihaseline
  • Finnish: lihas- (fi)
  • French: musculaire (fr)
  • Friulian: muscolâr
  • Galician: muscular (gl)
  • German: muskulär (de), Muskel- (de)
  • Greek: μυϊκός (el) m (myïkós)
  • Hungarian: izmos (hu)
  • Icelandic: vöðva- (is)
  • Irish: matánach, muscalach
  • Italian: muscolare (it)
  • Macedonian: мускулен (muskulen)
  • Maori: pūioio
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: muskulær Nynorsk: muskulær
  • Occitan: muscular (oc)
  • Polish: mięśniowy (pl)
  • Portuguese: muscular (pt)
  • Romanian: muscular (ro), mușchiular (ro)
  • Russian: мы́шечный (ru) (mýšečnyj), му́скульный (ru) (múskulʹnyj)
  • Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: мѝшӣћнӣ Roman: mìšīćnī
  • Slovak: svalový (sk), muskulárny (sk)
  • Slovene: mišičen
  • Spanish: muscular (es)
  • Swedish: muskel- (sv), muskulär (sv)
  • Ukrainian: м'язови́й (mʺjazovýj), м'я́зовий (mʺjázovyj), му́скульний (múskulʹnyj)
  • Welsh: cyhyrog (cy)
having strength
  • Albanian: muskuloz
  • Bulgarian: си́лен (bg) (sílen)
  • Catalan: musculós
  • Czech: svalnatý (cs)
  • Danish: muskuløs
  • Dutch: gespierd (nl)
  • Finnish: lihaksikas (fi)
  • French: musclé (fr), musculeux (fr)
  • Galician: musculoso (gl)
  • German: muskulös (de)
  • Hungarian: izmos (hu)
  • Icelandic: vöðvastæltur (is), vöðvamikill, (informal) massaður
  • Irish: matánach, urrúnta
  • Italian: muscoloso (it)
  • Japanese: ムキムキ (mukimuki)
  • Macedonian: мускулест (muskulest)
  • Maori: pūioio, mārōrō
  • Occitan: musclat
  • Polish: umięśniony (pl), muskularny (pl)
  • Portuguese: musculoso (pt)
  • Romanian: mușchiulos (ro), musculos (ro)
  • Russian: мускули́стый (ru) (muskulístyj), си́льный (ru) (sílʹnyj)
  • Sanskrit: मांसल (sa) (māṃsala)
  • Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: мѝшићав, му̏скуло̄зан Roman: mìšićav, mȕskulōzan (sh)
  • Slovak: svalnatý (sk)
  • Spanish: musculoso (es)
  • Swedish: muskulös (sv), biffig (sv) (colloquial)
  • Welsh: cyhyrog (cy)
having large, well-developed muscles
  • Belarusian: мускулі́сты (muskulísty)
  • Bengali: পেশিবহুল (bn) (peśibohul), পেশীবহুল (bn) (peśibohul)
  • Bulgarian: мускули́ст (muskulíst)
  • Catalan: musculós
  • Czech: svalnatý (cs)
  • Danish: muskuløs
  • Dutch: gespierd (nl)
  • Estonian: lihaseline
  • Finnish: lihaksikas (fi)
  • French: musculeux (fr)
  • Greek: μυώδης (el) (myódis)
  • Hungarian: izmos (hu)
  • Irish: matánach
  • Italian: muscoloso (it)
  • Japanese: ムキムキ (mukimuki)
  • Latin: torōsus
  • Macedonian: мускулест (muskulest)
  • Malay: berotot
  • Maori: pakari, tuakaka, kōpaka
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: muskuløs (no) Nynorsk: muskuløs
  • Polish: umięśniony (pl), muskularny (pl)
  • Portuguese: musculoso (pt)
  • Russian: мускули́стый (ru) (muskulístyj)
  • Sanskrit: मांसल (sa) (māṃsala), संहननवात् (saṃhananavāt)
  • Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: му̏скуло̄зан Roman: mȕskulōzan (sh)
  • Slovak: svalnatý (sk)
  • Slovene: mišičast
  • Spanish: musculoso (es), corpulento (es)
  • Swedish: muskulös (sv)
  • Turkish: kaslı (tr)
  • Ukrainian: м'язи́стий (mʺjazýstyj), мускуля́стий (muskuljástyj), мускули́стий (muskulýstyj)
  • Welsh: cyhyrog (cy)
(figuratively) strong, robust
  • Irish: matánach
  • Maori: pakari, whakapūioio, ruarangi, tōtōpū
  • Polish: silny (pl), krzepki (pl)
  • Welsh: cyhyrog (cy)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked
  • Georgian: (please verify) კუნთიანი (ḳuntiani)

See also

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  • myo-

References

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  • “muscular”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  • “muscular”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Medieval Latin or New Latin mūsculāris.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (Central) [mus.kuˈlar]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [mus.kuˈla]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [mus.kuˈlaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ

Adjective

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muscular m or f (masculine and feminine plural musculars)

  1. (relational) muscle; muscular
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  • múscul

Further reading

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  • “muscular”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
  • “muscular”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
  • “muscular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “muscular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

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Adjective

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muscular m or f (plural musculares)

  1. muscular (of, relating to, or connected with muscles)
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  • músculo

Further reading

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  • “muscular”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Interlingua

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Adjective

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muscular (not comparable)

  1. muscular
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  • musculo

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Medieval Latin and New Latin mūsculāris.

Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /mus.kuˈlaʁ/ [mus.kuˈlah]
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /mus.kuˈlaʁ/ [mus.kuˈlah]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /mus.kuˈlaɾ/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /muʃ.kuˈlaʁ/ [muʃ.kuˈlaχ]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /mus.kuˈlaɻ/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /muʃ.kuˈlaɾ/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /muʃ.kuˈlaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /muʃ.kuˈla.ɾi/
  • Hyphenation: mus‧cu‧lar

Adjective

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muscular m or f (plural musculares)

  1. muscular (of or relating to muscles)
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  • músculo

Further reading

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  • “muscular”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
  • “muscular”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French musculaire.

Adjective

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muscular m or n (feminine singular musculară, masculine plural musculari, feminine/neuter plural musculare)

  1. muscular

Declension

[edit] Declension of muscular
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-accusative indefinite muscular musculară musculari musculare
definite muscularul musculara muscularii muscularele
genitive-dative indefinite muscular musculare musculari musculare
definite muscularului muscularei muscularilor muscularelor

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Medieval Latin or New Latin mūsculāris.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /muskuˈlaɾ/ [mus.kuˈlaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: mus‧cu‧lar

Adjective

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muscular m or f (masculine and feminine plural musculares)

  1. muscular (of, relating to, or connected with muscles)

Derived terms

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  • distrofia muscular
  • fibra muscular
  • fortalecimiento muscular
  • intermuscular
  • perimuscular
  • tejido muscular
  • tono muscular
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  • músculo

Verb

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muscular (first-person singular present musculo, first-person singular preterite musculé, past participle musculado)

  1. (intransitive) to build muscle mass by exercising

Conjugation

[edit]     Conjugation of muscular (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive muscular
gerund musculando
past participle masculine feminine
singular musculado musculada
plural musculados musculadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo túvos él/ella/ellousted nosotrosnosotras vosotrosvosotras ellos/ellasustedes
present musculo musculastúmusculásvos muscula musculamos musculáis musculan
imperfect musculaba musculabas musculaba musculábamos musculabais musculaban
preterite musculé musculaste musculó musculamos musculasteis muscularon
future muscularé muscularás musculará muscularemos muscularéis muscularán
conditional muscularía muscularías muscularía muscularíamos muscularíais muscularían
subjunctive yo túvos él/ella/ellousted nosotrosnosotras vosotrosvosotras ellos/ellasustedes
present muscule musculestúmusculésvos2 muscule musculemos musculéis musculen
imperfect(ra) musculara muscularas musculara musculáramos muscularais muscularan
imperfect(se) musculase musculases musculase musculásemos musculaseis musculasen
future1 musculare musculares musculare musculáremos musculareis muscularen
imperative — túvos usted nosotrosnosotras vosotrosvosotras ustedes
affirmative musculatúmusculávos muscule musculemos musculad musculen
negative no muscules no muscule no musculemos no musculéis no musculen

1Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of muscular

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive muscular dative muscularme muscularte muscularle, muscularse muscularnos muscularos muscularles, muscularse
accusative muscularme muscularte muscularlo, muscularla, muscularse muscularnos muscularos muscularlos, muscularlas, muscularse
with gerund musculando dative musculándome musculándote musculándole, musculándose musculándonos musculándoos musculándoles, musculándose
accusative musculándome musculándote musculándolo, musculándola, musculándose musculándonos musculándoos musculándolos, musculándolas, musculándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative muscula dative muscúlame muscúlate muscúlale muscúlanos not used muscúlales
accusative muscúlame muscúlate muscúlalo, muscúlala muscúlanos not used muscúlalos, muscúlalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative musculá dative musculame musculate musculale musculanos not used musculales
accusative musculame musculate musculalo, musculala musculanos not used musculalos, musculalas
with formal second-person singular imperative muscule dative muscúleme not used muscúlele, muscúlese muscúlenos not used muscúleles
accusative muscúleme not used muscúlelo, muscúlela, muscúlese muscúlenos not used muscúlelos, muscúlelas
with first-person plural imperative musculemos dative not used musculémoste musculémosle musculémonos musculémoos musculémosles
accusative not used musculémoste musculémoslo, musculémosla musculémonos musculémoos musculémoslos, musculémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative musculad dative musculadme not used musculadle musculadnos musculaos musculadles
accusative musculadme not used musculadlo, musculadla musculadnos musculaos musculadlos, musculadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative musculen dative muscúlenme not used muscúlenle muscúlennos not used muscúlenles, muscúlense
accusative muscúlenme not used muscúlenlo, muscúlenla muscúlennos not used muscúlenlos, muscúlenlas, muscúlense

Further reading

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  • “muscular”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

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