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SEMANTIC ENIGMASMany nicknames bestowed on those from other countries seem to be related to foodstuffs popular in those counties, eg. 'Frogs' for French, 'Krauts' for Germans. I have also heard that French people often refer to Brits as 'Roast Beefs' and that Germans used to refer to Italians during the war as 'Macaronis'. Where then did terms such as 'Yank' for American, or 'Pommies', as Australians would call Englishmen, come from?

Seth, Edinburgh UK

  • Yankee is from the Dutch name Janke, or ?little John?. In the 17th century it was used as the name for a pirate, so became a term of contempt. Pommy is an abbreviation of pomegranate, or 'pommygrant' which 'rhymes' with immigrant. (An alternative explanation, that it came from POME - Prisoner Of Mother England, is thought unlikely).

    Richard Thompson, Allerod Denmark

  • If I read correctly, "Pommies" was a reference to the rosy apple-like cheeks of the second-wave British settlers of Australia. Yonkers (sp?) was or is a Dutch-named district of New York that became corrupted to "Yankees". I don't know why that should become appellant to the whole country, but in any case they don't appreciate the term in the southern states. By the way, you forgot "limey" -- US slang for the British who drank lime juice to avoid scurvy on the long Atlantic sailing voyage.

    Leo Hickey, Barking UK

  • "Yankee" is a Native American (not sure which language) word for, I think, White Man or European. It was originally "yanghee" or something like that - can anyone clarify this? "Pom" is supposed to come from "Prisoner Of her/his Majesty", which is what British convicts were called in Australia. And the French call the English "les rosbifs", which is their spelling of roast beef.

    Peadar Mac Con Aonaigh, Brixton, London

  • The Australian "pommies" is alleged to be from the letters allegedly on the prisoners uniforms, alleged to be "POHM" , Prisoner of her/his Majesty. I am sceptical though. Aren't Aussies a lot of Whingers though.

    Brian Robinson, Brentwood Essex

  • I remember some years ago Alan Whicker saying that Poms or Pommies was short for pomegranate, the pulp of which being the colour that a new arrival went in the sun.

    Jonathan, Lancaster UK

  • Pommie is really spelt Pome and stands for 'Prisoner of Mother England'.

    Stuart Miller, Warrington UK

  • More on "Poms" and "Yankees": Another theory (which I think is convincing) is that "Pom" was a reference to "pommie" or a kind of cider that was popular in south-western England, and was applied to English people generally. I also thought that Yankee was a misspelling of a common Dutch name, Jan-Kees, which would have been common among early Dutch settlers in New Amsterdam (later New York).

    Paul Martin, Sydney Australia

  • The modern appelation of Brits in France these days is 'crevettes', literally, 'shrimp', referring to the color of rosy cheeks.

    Daniel Morgan, Boston US

  • POM is a hangover from the early days when prisoners (mainly Irish) were guarded by British Soldiers as they worked. In Hobart Town, there was a group of prisoners whose only duty was to dig trenches. They were guarded by a soldier who happened to come from Blackpool, who used to march up and down the lines of prisoners, humming the tune "Oh I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside". He didn't know the words, so he hummed "pom-pom-pom-pom" instead. The Irishmen found this excruciatingly boring, and as he approached they used to whisper along the line "Watch out lads, here comes that Pommie Bastard again."

    Gordon Sollors, Devonport Australia

  • There is an alternative explanation regarding 'Pommie', namely that it comes from an expression said to be used by Maoris in the face of British immigrants complaining about conditions in New Zealand. The expression was 'Pome ,haere te Wikatoria' ('Moaner, go back to (Queen) Victoria'). How it might have got to Australia, however, is unclear. Incidentally, given that these epithets tend to describe the real or imagined typical characteristics of a nation, the common description of the British by the French nowadays is 'Les Fuckoffs'.

    N Stapley, Wrexham Wales

  • The term "yankee" is what the Indians thought the British were being called by the French. Actually the French were saying " Motze Anglais" (pronounced mowtzee onglais" . The French speak fast and the Indians heard "yankee" . Now you know the Correct Answer!!!

    Bill Downey, Peterboroiugh Canada

  • I always thought - or liked to think - that POM was an acronym of Prisoners Of her Majesty's. Unlikely, I admit, but quite nice.

    Jeff Rushton, Chicago USA

  • Actually, we call the French 'Frogs' not because its one of their foodstuffs, but because of that old canard, class. In pre-Revolution France, the gate-pillars at the head of the driveways to the aristocratic homes were often topped with statues of toads decorated with gold-leaf(possibly the inspiration for Toad of Toad Hall.) Therefore, they were often referred to as 'les crapaux'. Come the Revolution, the Aristocracy fled and made their way to England, where they disparagingly called the revolutionaries 'les grenouilles' - the Frogs. Not surprisingly, the term soon swept England as a popular euphemism for the French in general.

    Nick, London England

  • Sorry , but the 'frog' name for the French is nothing to do with gate-pillars. It should actually be toads . The heraldic emblem of Charlemagne was 3 toads (seriously), and of the later Valois 'semi de crapauds' - sprinkled with toads. The English thought that they were frogs (after all , what king would choose a bunch of toads as his emblem !) . The toads were then transformed into the fleur-de-lise of the Bourbons- the royal french flag was 'semi -de lise' - as also in the arms of Scotland cf Brewers Phrase and Fable

    Howard Sutton, Auckland New Zealand

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