On This Day - What Happened On October 1 | Britannica

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1949 People's Republic of China established In Beijing, with most of the Chinese mainland held by the communist People's Liberation Army, its dynamic leader, Mao Zedong, proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China on this day in 1949. Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

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Jimmy Carter president of United States bornOctober 1, 1924Plains, GeorgiadiedDecember 29, 2024 (aged 100)Plains, Georgia(Anniversary in 5 days)Courtesy: Jimmy Carter Library 1966 George Weah president of Liberia 1935 Julie Andrews British actress and singer 1930 Richard Harris Irish actor 1928 Sivaji Ganesan Indian actor 1924 Jimmy Carter president of United States See All Biographies On This Day

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2024 Claudia Sheinbaum is sworn-in as president of Mexico; she is the first woman and the first Jewish person to be elected to the post. What other countries have been led by women?STR—AFP/Getty Images 2017 From his hotel room in Las Vegas, 64-year-old gunman Stephen Paddock opened fire on a music festival, killing 58 people and wounding hundreds before taking his own life; it surpassed the Orlando shooting (2016) as the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history.© Digital Vision/Getty Images 2013 American novelist Tom Clancy, who created the techno-thriller—a suspenseful novel that relies on extensive knowledge of military technology and espionage—died at age 66. Test your knowledge of famous authors 1994 The Republic of Palau officially became a sovereign state. Sort fact from fiction in our quiz about islands of the worldEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1982 Congress established the U.S. Claims Court (now the U.S. Court of Federal Claims) to handle cases in which the United States is a defendant. Take our quiz about U.S. facts 1975 In what is regarded by many as the greatest prizefight of all time (the “Thrilla in Manila”), Muhammad Ali defeated Joe Frazier after the latter's corner called a halt to the bout after 14 brutal rounds. How much do you know about boxing?AP Images 1971 The Walt Disney World Resort—a complex near Orlando, Florida, that features attractions based on the stories and characters created by the Disney Company—opened. Test your knowledge of Disney© Aroas/Dreamstime.com 1962 Johnny Carson began hosting The Tonight Show, and he became king of late-night television, credited with creating the standard format for TV talk shows. Take our quiz about pop cultureNBC photo 1961 American baseball player Roger Maris hit his 61st home run of the season, breaking Babe Ruth's record. How much do you know about baseball?© AP/REX/Shutterstock.com 1960 Nigeria gained its independence from Britain but remained a member of the Commonwealth. Sort fact from fiction in our quiz about AfricaEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1946 The verdict was handed down on 22 of the original 24 defendants in the Nürnberg trials, a series of trials held after World War II in which the International Military Tribunal indicted and tried former Nazi leaders as war criminals. Take our quiz about infamous NazisAP Images 1936 Francisco Franco became head of the new Nationalist regime of Spain at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Sort fact from fiction in our quiz about European historyEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1932 During game three of the World Series, New York Yankee Babe Ruth made his famous “called shot” when he pointed to the centre-field bleachers in Wrigley Field and then hit a home run to that spot; the Yankees defeated the Chicago Cubs and went on to win the championship. See where Babe Ruth ranks on our list of the 10 greatest baseball players of all timeUPI/Bettmann Archive 1890 By an act of the U.S. Congress, Yosemite National Park was created, eventually becoming one of the most heavily visited national parks in the country. Take our quiz about national parks and landmarksEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1800 Napoleon induced a reluctant King Charles IV of Spain to cede Louisiana back to France. How much do you know about Napoleon?© Photos.com/Jupiterimages 1553 With her coronation, Mary I became the first queen to rule England in her own right; she was later nicknamed “Bloody Mary” because of her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in the country. Test you knowledge of the queens of England© Everett-Art/Shutterstock.com 331 bce Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia at the Battle of Gaugamela, spelling the end of the Persian empire. Sort fact from fiction in our quiz about Alexander the Great© Tony Baggett/stock.adobe.com SIGN UP FOR History's Biggest Headlines Discover the fascinating events that shaped the world, straight from our editors. SIGN UP Thanks for signing up for Today in History. Your first newsletter will arrive soon! SIGN UP By clicking "Sign Up" you are agreeing to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.