Para- - Wiktionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "para"

English

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Pronunciation

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  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpæɹə/
  • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɛɹə/
  • Hyphenation: par‧a-

Alternative forms

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  • par- (prevocalically)

Etymology 1

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From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

Prefix

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para-

  1. beside, alongside parasite (feed beside), parallel (beside one another), paracapsular (alongside a capsule)
    1. parallel paraconformity (parallel conformity), paraxial (parallel to the axis)
  2. between paracellular (between cells), paraconule (A conule located between a paracone and a metacone), paradiploid (intermediate between diploid and polyploid)
  3. around, surrounding paracortex (surrounding the cortex), paradiapophysis (covering the diapophysis)
    1. covering paracolpitis ((outer) covering of inflamed vagina)
  4. adjacent, next to paracentral (adjacent to the center), paracaval (adjacent to the vena cava)
  5. near paranal (near the anus), parepididymis ((body part) near the epididymis), parethmoid (near the ethmoid bone)
  6. opposite of, on the far side of paracavernous (On the far side of the cavernous sinus)
  7. above, over paraductal (above the duct), paracoronoid (above the coronoid process), paracondylar (over the condyle)
  8. across, through, throughout paracotylar ([extending] across the cotyle), paraesophageal (across the esophagus), paracloacal (through the cloaca), paracostal (through the ribs), paracerebral (throughout the brain)
  9. beyond paradox (beyond expectation), paranormal (beyond normal) paraclival (beyond the clivus)
  10. abnormal paralgesia (abnormal sensitivity to pain)
  11. incorrect
  12. false paradiorthosis (false correction)
  13. resembling paramilitary (resembling a military), paramylum (resembling amylum (starch))
  14. unrecognized, unauthorized, or unsanctioned parastate (an unrecognized state), parabaptism (unauthorized baptism)
  15. avoiding or avoidant parenteral (avoiding the intestines), paraconsistent (avoiding consistency)
  16. (organic chemistry) In isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in opposite (1,4) positions (compare ortho- and meta-) Synonym: p-
  17. related or pertaining to paraclinical (relating to things not purely clinical), parabigeminal (related to a pair of organs), parabicanonical (pertaining to a linear system of divisors equivalent to a bicanonical divisor), paracomplex (pertaining to all metric spaces and all CW-complexes)
  18. affecting or concerning lower body paranesthesia (affecting both sides of the lower body), paraballism (ballism affecting both legs)
Synonyms
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  • (between): inter-, dia-
  • (around): peri-, circum-
  • (adjacent): juxta-
  • (near): juxta-, peri-
  • (on the far side of): trans-
  • (above): epi-, super-, supra-, hyper-
  • (across): trans-, dia-, per-
  • (beyond): trans-, hyper-, ultra-, out-, extra-, preter-
  • (incorrect): mis-, mal-
  • (false): pseudo-, mis-
  • (resembling): quasi-, -oid, -form/-iform, -esque, -ish, -ly, -some, -y, (restricted to casual registers) -ass, (forms adjectives from nouns only) -like
Derived terms
[edit] Related terms terms derived from παρά (beside, abnormal, resembling, chem.)
  • P-
  • parabola
  • paradigm
  • paradox
  • parallel
  • parallelogram
  • paramedic
  • paramilitary
  • parasite
  • paratext
  • paravirtualization
terms derived from παρά (above, beyond)
  • parabiology
  • paranormal
  • parapsychology
Translations
[edit] above, beyond
  • Greek: παρα- (el) (para-)
  • Japanese: 超 (ja) (ちょう, chō)
  • Korean: 초(超)- (cho-)
  • Persian: پیرا (fa) (pirâ-)
  • Spanish: para- (es)
having substituents on benzene rings on opposite carbon atoms
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 對 / 对 (zh) (duì)
  • Czech: para- (cs)
  • Danish: para-

Etymology 2

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From French para-, from Italian para-, from para, imperative of parare (“to defend, shield, shroud”), from Latin parō (“I prepare”).

Prefix

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para-

  1. (obsolete, not productive) to guard against, to avert, to shield from; to provide protection against, defence from
Derived terms
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  • para-bore (jest, nonce word), protection against bores[1]
  • paragrandine
  • paravane
[edit] terms related to para-, but not formed in English
  • parachute
  • parados
  • paragrele
  • parapet
  • parasol
  • paravent

Etymology 3

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From parachute.

Prefix

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para-

  1. parachute
Derived terms
[edit] terms derived from para- (parachute)
  • parabrake
  • paracord
  • paradiver
  • paradoctor
  • paradrop
  • parafoil
  • parafrag bomb
  • paraglider
  • parajump
  • parajute
  • parakiting
  • parapants
  • paraplane
  • parasheet
  • paraski
  • paraspotter
  • paratrooper

Etymology 4

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From Paralympic.

Prefix

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para-

  1. disability sport
Derived terms
[edit] Paralympic sport
  • para-archery
  • para-athlete, parathlete
  • paracanoe, para-canoe
  • paracycling, para-cycling
  • Paralympian, Paralympiad, Paralympics, Paralympic Games
  • paraskiing, para nordic skiing
  • parasport, parasports, para-sport, para-sports
  • paratriathlon

See also

[edit] English terms prefixed with para- paracetaldehyde paracmastic paraconic acid paracrostic paracusis paradamite paraesthesia paræsthesia paraesthesis paræsthesis paralbumin para-alpine para alpine skiing paraminophenol paramnesia paramyl paraamyloidosis paramylum paranthelion paranthracene paraaortal paraaortic parapophysis paraptosis pararabin para-archery pararsenolamprite paraarterial pararthria paraarticular parascending para-astronaut para-athlete para-athletics parautochthonous para-badminton paraballism parabaptist parabasal parabasisphenoid parabenzoquinone parabicanonical parabigeminal parabiologist parabiology parabiont parabiosis parabiotic parabiotically parablast parabomb parabombing paraboson parabosonic parabotanist parabotulism parabrachial parabrake parabranchia parabranchial parabrandtite parabronchial parabronchitis parabronchium parabronchus parabuccal parabulbar parabullary parabutlerite paracaecal paracalcarine paracallosal paracallus paracancerous paracanoe paracanonical paracapsular paracarcinoma paracarcinomatous paracardiac paracardial paracarmine paracarpel paracasein paracaseinate paracaspase paracaval paracavernous paracavitary paracellular paracellulose paracelsian paracentesis paracentral paracentrally paracentric paracentromeric paracephalodium paracerebellar paracerebral paracervical paracervix paracharmonium parachloralose parachlorophenylalanine parachoanal parachordal parachromatin parachromatism parachromatopsia parachronic parachronistic parachrysotile parachurch paracicatricial paracingulate paracingulin paraclade paracleavage paraclimactic paraclimax paraclinical paraclinically paraclinoid paraclival paracloacal paraclone paracoccygeal paracodeine paracolic paracolonial paracolonialism paracolpitis paracommissural para-communism paracompact paracomplete paracomplex paracomposition paraconal paraconductivity paracondylar paracone paraconformable paraconformity paraconglomerate paraconid paraconine paraconsistency paraconsistent paracontact paracontrast paracontrolled paraconule paracoprid paracopulatory paracoquimbite paracord paracorolla paracoronoid paracorporeal paracortex paracortical paracosm paracosmos paracostal paracotylar paracoxite paracranial paracranially paracranium paracresol paracristid paracrocodylomorph paracrystal paracrystalline paracrystallinity paracyanogen paracycling paracyclist cycloparaphenylene paracyclophane paracymbium paracymene paracyst paracystitis paracytic paradactylum paradata paradental paradentary paradermal paradiapause paradiapophyseal paradiapophysis paradichlorobenzene paradifferential paradiorthosis paradiploid paradiplomatic

References

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  1. ^ The template Template:R:OED2 does not use the parameter(s): title=para- Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “para-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

Anagrams

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  • paar, Raap, ARPA, apar, ARAP, Rapa, AARP, Paar, APAR

Central Bikol

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /paɾa/ [pa.ɾa]
  • Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Prefix

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para- (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

  1. used in naming any professions

Finnish

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Etymology

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Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑrɑ-/, [ˈpɑ̝rɑ̝-]

Prefix

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para-

  1. (chiefly in loanwords) para-

Derived terms

[edit] Finnish terms prefixed with para- parainfluenssavirus parajoukkue parakieli parakonsistentti paralingvistiikka paranormaalinen paraoranssi parasympaattinen parasympatolyytti parasympatomimeetti paraurheilija paravety parayleisurheilu

French

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pa.ʁa/

Etymology 1

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From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside”).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- (all senses)
Derived terms
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  • para-hockey sur glace

Etymology 2

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Via Italian para-, from parare, from Latin parō (“to shield”).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- (“guarding against”)
Synonyms
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  • garde- (e.g. garde-boue, garde-bras)
  • pare- (e.g. pare-chocs, pare-soleil)

Etymology 3

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From paralympique (“Paralympic”).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- (“disability sport”)
Derived terms
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  • paracyclisme
  • paranatation

Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English para-, French para-, Italian para-, Spanish para-. Decision no. 105, Progreso III.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpara/

Prefix

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para-

  1. prefix denoting protection against, something to ward off ‎para- + ‎pluvo (“rain”) → ‎parapluvo (“umbrella”) ‎para- + ‎moskito (“mosquito”) → ‎paramoskito (“mosquito net”)

Derived terms

[edit] Ido terms prefixed with para- parafalo parapluvo parasuno

References

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  • Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, page 169, 465

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /para/ [pa.ra]
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra-
  • Homophone: para

Etymology 1

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Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para-
    1. beside, alongside
    2. adjacent, next to
    3. near
    4. opposite of, on the far side of
    5. above, over
    6. across, through, throughout
    7. abnormal

Etymology 2

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From Paralympic.

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- (“disability sport”)

Derived terms

[edit] Indonesian terms prefixed with para- paralayang

Further reading

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  • “para-”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

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Etymology

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From English para-, Spanish para-, French para- and Italian para-, all from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰ- (pără-).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para-

Irish

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Alternative forms

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  • parai- (before a slender consonant)

Etymology

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From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para-

Derived terms

[edit] Irish terms prefixed with para- paraigineas paramorfacht parathagra

Mutation

[edit] Mutated forms of para-
radical lenition eclipsis
para- phara- bpara-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “para(i)-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Italian

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- (all senses)

Anagrams

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  • apar, apra, arpa, rapa

Polish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pa.ra/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ara
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra-
  • Homophones: para, Para

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- (resembling)

Derived terms

[edit] Polish terms prefixed with para- paradokument paralotnia paranormalny

Further reading

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  • para- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

Prefix

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para- (Cyrillic spelling пара-)

  1. Para-. ‎para- + ‎nàuka (“science”) → ‎paranauka (“parascience”) ‎para- + ‎nȍrmālno (“normally”) → ‎paranormalno (“paranormal”)

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /paɾa/ [pa.ɾa]
  • Syllabification: pa‧ra-

Prefix

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para-

  1. para-

Derived terms

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  • Spanish terms prefixed with para- parabiosis paralenguaje paramagnético paramilitar paranasal paranormal paraolfatorio parapetrolero parapolicía parapolicial pararrenal parasimpático parasintético parasuicida parasuicidio paraterminal paratión paratraqueal paraumbilical

Further reading

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  • “para-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Welsh

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Etymology

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See English para-, from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˌpara/

Prefix

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para-

  1. para- ‎para- + ‎meddyg (“doctor”) → ‎parafeddyg (“paramedic”) ‎para- + ‎normal (“normal”) → ‎paranormal (“paranormal”) ‎para- + ‎ymatebol (“responsive, reactive”) → ‎paraymatebol (“parasympathetic”)

Derived terms

[edit] Welsh terms prefixed with para- parafeddyg paraseicoleg

Mutation

[edit] Mutated forms of para-
radical soft nasal aspirate
para- bara- mhara- phara-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “para-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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