Pergola - Wikipedia

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Pergola covered in bougainvillea

Features and types

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Pergolas may link pavilions or extend from a building's door to an open garden feature such as an isolated terrace or pool. Freestanding pergolas, those not attached to a home or other structure, provide a sitting area that allows for breeze and light sun, but offer protection from the harsh glare of direct sunlight.

Pergolas also give climbing plants a structure on which to grow.[3]

In 1498, Leonardo da Vinci decorated the Sala delle Asse of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan to give the illusion of the great square and vaulted reception hall being within a pergola that was made up of the intertwined branches of sixteen huge mulberry trees.[4] The novel project was commissioned by the Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza.

Green tunnels

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La fr:Charmille de fr:Pitet à fr:Fallais : The hornbeams of the 180-meter-long (590 ft) Pitet bower from the nineteenth century are included in the fr:Braives classified property list, province of Liège, Belgium (1942)

Pergolas are more permanent architectural features than the green tunnels of late medieval and early Renaissance gardens that often were formed of springy withies—easily replaced shoots of willow or hazel—bound together at the heads to form a series of arches, then loosely woven with long slats on which climbers were grown, to make a passage that was both cool, shaded, and moderately dry in a shower.

At the Medici villa, La Petraia, inner and outer curving segments of such green walks, the forerunners of pergolas, give structure to the pattern that can be viewed from the long terrace above it.

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