Periodic Law | Chemistry - Encyclopedia Britannica

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Assorted References

• atomic structure
  • In atom: Atomic weights and the periodic table

    …paper of 1869 introducing the periodic law, he credited Cannizzaro for using “unshakeable and indubitable” methods to determine atomic weights.

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• trends in properties of oxides
  • In oxide: Metal oxides

    Periodic trends of the oxides have been thoroughly studied. In any given period, the bonding in oxides progresses from ionic to covalent, and their acid-base character goes from strongly basic through weakly basic, amphoteric, weakly acidic, and finally strongly acidic. In general, basicity increases down…

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classification of

• alkaline-earth metals
  • In alkaline-earth metal

    …Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. The elements are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

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• boron elements
  • In boron group element

    …Group 13 (IIIa) of the periodic table. The elements are boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and nihonium (Nh). They

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• halogen elements
  • In halogen

    …17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine

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• nitrogen group elements
  • In nitrogen group element: Similarities in orbital arrangement

    In the periodic table, each of the nitrogen group elements occupies the fifth position among the main group elements of its period, a position designated 15. In terms of the electronic configuration of its atoms, each nitrogen group element possesses an outermost shell of five electrons. In…

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• oxygen group elements
  • In oxygen group element: Comparison of properties

    …to Group 16 of the periodic table are characterized by electron configurations in which six electrons occupy the outermost shell. An atom having such an electronic structure tends to form a stable shell of eight electrons by adding two more, producing an ion that has a double negative charge. This…

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• rare-earth elements
  • In rare-earth element

    …the main body of the periodic table (cerium [Ce] through lutetium [Lu]). The elements cerium through lutetium are called the lanthanides, but many scientists also, though incorrectly, call those elements rare earths.

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• transition metals and their compounds
  • In transition metal

    …the long periods of the periodic table of elements between the groups on the left-hand side and the groups on the right. Specifically, they form Groups 3 (IIIb) through 12 (IIb).

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• transuranium elements
  • In transuranium element: Transactinoid elements and their predicted properties

    The periodic table of the elements classifies a wealth of physical and chemical properties, and study of the chemical properties of the heavy elements would show how far the classification scheme of the table could be extended on the basis of the nuclear island of stability.…

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work of

• Mendeleev
  • In Dmitri Mendeleev: Formulation of the periodic law

    As he began to teach inorganic chemistry, Mendeleev could not find a textbook that met his needs. Since he had already published a textbook on organic chemistry in 1861 that had been awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize, he set out to write another…

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• Newlands
  • In John Newlands

    …to the development of the periodic law.

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