Personal - Wiktionary

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See also: Personal and personál

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:personalWikipedia

Alternative forms

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  • personall (obsolete)

Etymology

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From Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”), equivalent to person +‎ -al. Doublet of personnel.

Pronunciation

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  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɜː.sə.nəl/, /ˈpɜːs.nəl/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɜɹ.sə.nəl/, /ˈpɜɹs.nəl/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Hyphenation: per‧son‧al‧,‧perso‧nal, perso‧nal

Adjective

[edit]

personal (comparative more personal, superlative most personal)

  1. Pertaining to persons (human beings as opposed to things or animals).
  2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals personal values; personal desire Her song was her personal look at the values of friendship.
    • 2014 March 3, Zoe Alderton, “‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions‎[1], volume 5, number 1, MDPI, →DOI, pages 219–257:Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.
    • 2015 October 27, Matt Preston, The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better‎[2], Plum, →ISBN, page 192:You could just use ordinary shop-bought kecap manis to marinade the meat, but making your own is easy, has a far more elegant fragrance and is, above all, such a great brag! Flavouring kecap manis is an intensely personal thing, so try this version now and next time cook the sauce down with crushed, split lemongrass and a shredded lime leaf.
  3. Dealing with subjects about which one wishes (or people usually wish) to maintain privacy or discretion; not for public view; sensitive, intimate. personal reasons You can't read my diary—it is personal. That's a very personal question. I can't believe you went through my drawers and looked at all my personal things!
  4. (euphemistic) Intended for sexual use. personal lubricant; personal massager
  5. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; bodily. personal charms
    • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite.[…]Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?
  6. Done in person; without an intermediary. a personal interview a personal meeting personal settings
    • 2011, Bob Nelson, Peter Economy, Consulting For Dummies:Although you miss the nonverbal cues that you pick up in a personal meeting, you can call far more clients in a day than you can meet with in person.
  7. Relating to an individual, their character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner personal reflections or remarks Only factual argumentation, no need to get personal.
  8. (grammar) Of a noun or pronoun, having reference particular to humans and other entities having personality such as a named animal, a deity, a personification, etc.
  9. (grammar) Related to grammatical first, second, etc. persons. a personal pronoun
  10. Denoting ownership. one's personal vehicle, as opposed to a company vehicle

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Not to be confused with personnel (“employees, staff”).

Derived terms

[edit]
  • antipersonal
  • bipersonal
  • depersonalize, depersonalization
  • extrapersonal
  • first-personal
  • fursonal
  • hyperpersonal
  • impersonal
  • interpersonal
  • intrapersonal
  • monopersonal
  • multipersonal
  • nonpersonal
  • nothing personal
  • overpersonalize
  • peripersonal
  • personal ad, personal advertisement
  • personal area network
  • personal assistant
  • personal attack, personal attacker
  • personal best
  • personal brand
  • personal capital
  • personal column
  • personal computer
  • personal conduct
  • personal covenant
  • personal crisis
  • personal data
  • personal dative
  • personal day
  • personal defence weapon, personal defence, personal defense weapon
  • personal development
  • personal digital assistant
  • personal effect
  • personal equation, absolute p.e.
  • personal estate
  • personal exception
  • personal fiduciary
  • personal finance
  • personal flotation device
  • personal foul
  • personal god
  • personal goddess
  • personal hell
  • personal hygiene
  • personal identification number
  • personal identity
  • personal injury
  • personalise, personalize
  • personalism
  • personalist
  • personalistic
  • personal jurisdiction
  • personal knowledge management
  • personal law
  • personal ledger
  • personal life
  • personal location beacon, personal location radiobeacon
  • personal locator beacon, personal locator radio-beacon
  • personal lubricant
  • personally
  • personal message
  • personal mobility device
  • personal name
  • personal navigant
  • personalness
  • personal online desktop
  • personal ordinariate
  • personal organizer
  • personal pension
  • personal pronoun
  • personal property, personal property tax
  • personal protective equipment, personal protector
  • personal record
  • personal rule
  • personal security
  • personal service
  • personal shopper, personal shopping
  • Personal Social Health Education
  • personal space
  • personal stereo
  • personal time
  • personal trainer, personal training
  • personal transaction
  • personal transporter
  • personalty
  • personal union
  • personal video recorder
  • personal water craft
  • personalzine
  • perzine
  • polypersonal
  • prepersonal
  • profersonal
  • subpersonal
  • superpersonal
  • suprapersonal
  • telepersonals
  • third-personal
  • transpersonal
  • tripersonal
  • ultrapersonal
  • unipersonal
  • unpersonal
  • up close and personal
[edit]
  • personalia
  • personality
  • personally
  • personnel

Translations

[edit] pertaining to human beings
  • Bulgarian: човешки (bg) (čoveški)
  • Finnish: ihmis- (fi)
  • Hungarian: emberi (hu), személyi (hu)
  • Ido: homala (io)
  • Korean: 개인의 (gaein-ui)
  • Maori: whaiaro, matawhaiaro
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personrelatert, menneskelig (no)
of or pertaining to a particular person
  • Afrikaans: persoonlik (af)
  • Arabic: شَخْصِيّ (šaḵṣiyy)
  • Azerbaijani: şəxsi (az)
  • Bashkir: шәхси (şəxsi)
  • Belarusian: асабі́сты (asabísty), асабо́вы (asabóvy), персана́льны (pjersanálʹny)
  • Bulgarian: ли́чен (bg) (líčen), персона́лен (bg) (personálen)
  • Catalan: personal (ca)
  • Cebuano: personal
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 私人的 (zh) (sīrén de)
  • Czech: osobní (cs)
  • Danish: personlig (da)
  • Dutch: persoonlijk (nl)
  • Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi)
  • French: personnel (fr)
  • Galician: persoal (gl)
  • German: persönlich (de)
  • Greek: προσωπικός (el) (prosopikós)
  • Hindi: व्यक्तिगत (hi) (vyaktigat)
  • Hungarian: személyi (hu), személyes (hu), egyéni (hu), saját (hu)
  • Icelandic: persónulegur (is)
  • Ido: personala (io)
  • Irish: pearsanta
  • Italian: personale (it)
  • Japanese: 個人の (こじんの, kojin no)
  • Korean: 개인의 (ko) (gaeinui)
  • Kurdish: Central Kurdish: کەسی (kesî)
  • Latin: proprius (la)
  • Macedonian: личен (ličen)
  • Maori: whaiaro, matawhaiaro
  • Marathi: व्यक्तिगत (vyaktigat)
  • Mari: Eastern Mari: шке (ške)
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personlig (no) Nynorsk: personleg
  • Ottoman Turkish: خصوصی (hususî)
  • Persian: شخصی (fa) (šaxsi)
  • Polish: osobisty (pl), personalny (pl)
  • Portuguese: pessoal (pt)
  • Russian: ли́чный (ru) (líčnyj), персона́льный (ru) (personálʹnyj)
  • Scottish Gaelic: pearsanta
  • Slovak: osobný
  • Spanish: personal (es)
  • Swedish: personlig (sv)
  • Tagalog: pansarili, personal (tl)
  • Tajik: шахсӣ (tg) (šaxsi)
  • Thai: ส่วนตัว (th) (sùuan-dtuua)
  • Turkish: kişisel (tr), özel (tr), zatî (tr), şahsi (tr)
  • Ukrainian: особи́стий (osobýstyj), персона́льний (personálʹnyj), особо́вий (osobóvyj)
  • Uyghur: شەخسىي (shexsiy)
  • Uzbek: shaxsiy (uz)
dealing with subjects about which one wishes to maintain privacy or discretion
  • Afrikaans: persoonlik (af)
  • Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi)
  • Hindi: व्यक्तिगत (hi) (vyaktigat)
  • Hungarian: személyes (hu), magánjellegű (hu), magán- (hu)
euphemistic: intended for sexual use
  • Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi)
  • Hungarian: intim (hu)
pertaining to the external or bodily appearance
  • Catalan: corporal (ca)
  • Czech: osobní (cs)
  • Finnish: fyysinen (fi), ruumiillinen (fi)
  • Hungarian: személyes (hu)
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personlig (no)
  • Scottish Gaelic: pearsanta
done in person
  • Afrikaans: in persoon
  • Bashkir: шәхси (şəxsi)
  • Catalan: personal (ca)
  • Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi), oma (fi)
  • French: en personne (fr)
  • Hungarian: személyes (hu), élő (hu), szemtől szembeni
  • Maori: ā-tinana
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personlig (no)
relating to an individual in an invidious and offensive manner
  • Finnish: henkilökohtainen (fi)
  • Hungarian: személyeskedő (hu)
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personlig (no)
grammar: denoting person
  • Belarusian: асабо́вы (asabóvy)
  • Bulgarian: ли́чен (bg) (líčen)
  • Catalan: personal (ca)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 人稱 / 人称 (zh) (rénchēng)
  • Finnish: persoona- (fi)
  • French: personnel (fr)
  • German: Personal- (de)
  • Greek: προσωπικός (el) (prosopikós)
  • Hungarian: személyes (hu)
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personlig (no)
  • Polish: osobowy (pl)
  • Russian: ли́чный (ru) (líčnyj)
  • Ukrainian: особо́вий (osobóvyj)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked
  • Esperanto: (please verify) persona (eo)
  • Telugu: (please verify) వ్యక్తిగతమైన (te) (vyaktigatamaina) (2, 5)

Noun

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personal (plural personals)

  1. (chiefly in the plural) An advertisement by which an individual attempts to meet others with similar interests.
  2. One's own property or asset
    • 1748, Tobias Smollett (translator), Alain-René Lesage (original), The Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane In addition to this, a coarse shirt quite new, a pair of my father's shoes quite old, and, what rejoiced me more than all the rest, a rouleau of twenty rials in a linen rag. Behold the sum total of my personals.
    • 1982 April 10, Roosevelt Williamson, “Prison Racism and Legal Slavery in America”, in Gay Community News, page 15:I've had my cell ransacked, savagely searched, and as a result, had my legal papers stolen and destroyed, allong with what little personal clothing and other personals I had.

Translations

[edit] advertisement
  • Finnish: henkilökohtaista -ilmoitus
  • Hungarian: magánjellegű/társkereső/személyes hirdetés/hír/rovat
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: personligannonse m
property, asset
  • Finnish: irtain (fi); irtaimisto (fi) (one's movables as a whole)
  • Hungarian: ingóság (hu), ingó vagyontárgy
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: løsøre n

Further reading

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  • “personal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

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  • psoralen

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (Central) [pər.suˈnal]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [pər.soˈnal]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [peɾ.soˈnal]
  • Audio (Barcelona):(file)

Adjective

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personal m or f (masculine and feminine plural personals)

  1. personal Antonym: impersonal

Derived terms

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  • personalitzar
  • personalment
  • unipersonal
[edit]
  • impersonal
  • persona
  • personalitat

Further reading

[edit]
  • “personal”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
  • “personal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
  • “personal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “personal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cebuano

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal
  • IPA(key): /peɾˈsonal/ [peɾ̪ˈs̪o.n̪ɐl̪]

Adjective

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personal

  1. personal (of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general)
    • 2018 — Quimco, Ver, Biyaheng Impyerno (24 January), Balaod ug Kamatuoran, Bisaya, Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation Ang panerbisyo sa gobyerno usa ka sakripisyo, dili pahayahay ug pahimulos sama nga ang pundo nga gisalig kanila kinahanglang ampingan ug segurohong mapahimuslan sa kinabag-an ug dili alang sa ilang personal nga kaayohan o kaharuhay.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

German

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pɛʁzoˈnaːl/
  • Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal
  • Audio (Germany (Berlin)):(file)

Adjective

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personal (strong nominative masculine singular personaler, not comparable)

  1. personal

Declension

[edit] Positive forms of personal (uncomparable)
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist personal sie ist personal es ist personal sie sind personal
strong declension (without article) nominative personaler personale personales personale
genitive personalen personaler personalen personaler
dative personalem personaler personalem personalen
accusative personalen personale personales personale
weak declension (with definite article) nominative der personale die personale das personale die personalen
genitive des personalen der personalen des personalen der personalen
dative dem personalen der personalen dem personalen den personalen
accusative den personalen die personale das personale die personalen
mixed declension (with indefinite article) nominative ein personaler eine personale ein personales (keine) personalen
genitive eines personalen einer personalen eines personalen (keiner) personalen
dative einem personalen einer personalen einem personalen (keinen) personalen
accusative einen personalen eine personale ein personales (keine) personalen

Further reading

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  • “personal” in Duden online
  • “personal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

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Etymology

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From English personal.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /pərˈsonal/ [pərˈso.nal]
  • Rhymes: -onal
  • Syllabification: per‧so‧nal

Adjective

[edit]

pêrsonal (comparative lebih personal, superlative paling personal)

  1. synonym of pribadi (“personal”)
[edit]
  • person
  • persona
  • personalia
  • personalisasi
  • personalitas
  • personel

Further reading

[edit]
  • “personal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

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Adjective

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personal (comparative plus personal, superlative le plus personal)

  1. personal

Noun

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personal (uncountable)

  1. staff, personnel

Ladin

[edit]

Adjective

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personal m (feminine singular personala, masculine plural personai, feminine plural personales)

  1. personal

Portuguese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]  
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /peʁ.soˈnaw/ [peh.soˈnaʊ̯]
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /peʁ.soˈnaw/ [peh.soˈnaʊ̯]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /peɾ.soˈnaw/ [peɾ.soˈnaʊ̯]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /peʁ.soˈnaw/ [peχ.soˈnaʊ̯]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /peɻ.soˈnaw/ [peɻ.soˈnaʊ̯]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨɾ.suˈnal/ [pɨɾ.suˈnaɫ]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨɾ.suˈnal/ [pɨɾ.suˈnaɫ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨɾ.suˈna.li/
  • Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal

Noun

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personal m or f by sense (plural personais)

  1. (Brazil, informal) Ellipsis of personal trainer Synonym: PT

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin personalis or German personell or Italian personale or French personnel. By surface analysis, persoană +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /per.soˈnal/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal

Adjective

[edit]

personal m or n (feminine singular personală, masculine plural personali, feminine/neuter plural personale)

  1. personal (relating to the person)
  2. personal (intimate, not to be shared)

Declension

[edit] Declension of personal
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-accusative indefinite personal personală personali personale
definite personalul personala personalii personalele
genitive-dative indefinite personal personale personali personale
definite personalului personalei personalilor personalelor

Antonyms

[edit]
  • impersonal

Derived terms

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  • pronume personal
  • tren personal

Adverb

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personal

  1. personally

Noun

[edit]

personal n (plural personale)

  1. (collective) staff, members of staff, personnel
  2. (countable) short for tren personal (“stopping train”)

Declension

[edit]
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative personal personalul personale personalele
genitive-dative personal personalului personale personalelor
vocative personalule personalelor

Further reading

[edit]
  • “personal”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025

Spanish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /peɾsoˈnal/ [peɾ.soˈnal]
  • Audio (Mexico):(file)
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: per‧so‧nal

Adjective

[edit]

personal m or f (masculine and feminine plural personales)

  1. personal Antonym: impersonal

Derived terms

[edit]
  • cédula personal
  • computadora personal
  • defensa personal
  • derecho personal
  • entrenador personal
  • forma no personal
  • forma personal
  • ordenador personal
  • personalismo
  • personalmente
  • pronombre personal
  • unipersonal

Noun

[edit]

personal m (plural personales)

  1. personnel, staff profesores y personal ― faculty and staff personal militar ― military personnel personal de seguridad ― security personnel personal sanitario ― health workers, healthcare workers, medical personnel personal médico ― medical staff, medical personnel; medical practitioners

Noun

[edit]

personal m (uncountable)

  1. (informal) folks, people, mob, crowd; the masses
    • 1993 April 23, Francisco Umbral, “Queremos saber”, in Antena 3:Yo he venido aquí a hablar de mi libro; y no a hablar de lo que opine el personal, que me da lo mismo, porque para eso tengo mi columna y mi opinión diaria.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

[edit]
  • antipersonal
[edit]
  • impersonal
  • persona
  • personalidad

Further reading

[edit]
  • “personal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Swedish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [pɛʂʊnˈɑːl]

Noun

[edit]

personal c

  1. staff (employees of a business) Synonym: arbetskraft

Declension

[edit] Declension of personal
nominative genitive
singular indefinite personal personals
definite personalen personalens
plural indefinite personaler personalers
definite personalerna personalernas

Derived terms

[edit]
  • ambassadpersonal
  • ambulanspersonal
  • apotekspersonal
  • butikspersonal
  • civilpersonal
  • dagispersonal
  • dagpersonal
  • däckspersonal
  • ekonomipersonal
  • extrapersonal
  • fyrpersonal
  • hemtjänstpersonal
  • hotellpersonal
  • kabinpersonal
  • kanslipersonal
  • kassapersonal
  • kringpersonal
  • kökspersonal
  • markpersonal
  • omsorgspersonal
  • personaladministration
  • personaladministratör
  • personalansvar
  • personalansvarig
  • personalansvarsnämnd
  • personalavdelning
  • personalbostad
  • personalbrist
  • personalchef
  • personaldator
  • personaldirektör
  • personalfest
  • personalföreträdare
  • personalförstärkning
  • personalförsörjning
  • personalförteckning
  • personalgrupp
  • personalingång
  • personalinskränkning
  • personalintendent
  • personalintensiv
  • personalkategori
  • personalkonferens
  • personalkonsulent
  • personalkostnad
  • personalkrävande
  • personalliggare
  • personalläkare
  • personalmatsal
  • personalminskning
  • personalmöte
  • personalneddragning
  • personalnedskärning
  • personalnämnd
  • personalomsättning
  • personaloption
  • personalorganisation
  • personalplanering
  • personalpolitik
  • personalpolitisk
  • personalpool
  • personalproblem
  • personalrekrytering
  • personalrepresentant
  • personalrestaurang
  • personalresurs
  • personalrum
  • personalsekreterare
  • personalsidan
  • personalsituation
  • personalstyrka
  • personaltidning
  • personaltoalett
  • personaltäthet
  • personalunion
  • personalutbildning
  • personaluthyrning
  • personalutrymme
  • personalutskott
  • personalutveckling
  • personalvård
  • personalvårdsnämnd
  • personalärende
  • personalökning
  • restaurangpersonal
  • räddningspersonal
  • serveringspersonal
  • servicepersonal
  • sjukhuspersonal
  • sjukvårdspersonal
  • skolpersonal
  • stampersonal
  • städpersonal
  • säkerhetspersonal
  • tullpersonal
  • tågpersonal
  • vakpersonal
  • vaktpersonal
  • vårdpersonal

Further reading

[edit]
  • personal in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker

Anagrams

[edit]
  • polarens, polernas

Tagalog

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • With ultimate stress, borrowed from Spanish personal.
  • With antepenultimate stress, borrowed from English personal.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /peɾsoˈnal/ [pɛɾ.soˈn̪al] (Spanish pronunciation)
      • Rhymes: -al
    • IPA(key): /ˈpeɾsonal/ [ˌpɛɾ.soˈn̪al] (English pronunciation)
      • Rhymes: -eɾsonal
  • Syllabification: per‧so‧nal

Adjective

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personál or pérsonál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎ᜔)

  1. personal

Derived terms

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  • mamersonal
  • pamemersonal
  • personalan
  • personalin

Further reading

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  • “personal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018.

Tag » How Do You Spell Personal