Signs Of Pain In Rats - Rat Guide
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Signs of pain in rats due to illness, injury, or surgical procedures can vary based on severity. The signs of pain have been listed here by category based on the following: mild to moderate pain, severe or chronic pain, or post-procedure pain. Note that some signs of pain, depending upon severity and type, may overlap into another category. Not every sign may present based on the level of pain, and the individual rat’s personality. Knowing your rat’s normal daily behavior will better allow you to recognize the signs of pain your rat may exhibit and to aid your veterinarian in achieving better pain control for your pet rat.
Mild to Moderate Pain
| Severe or Chronic Pain
|
Post-procedural Pain
|
Adapted from:
- Flecknell, P., & Waynforth, H. (1992). Experimental and Surgical Technique in the Rat, Second Edition. New York: Academic Press.
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Animal Care Program. Signs of Pain and Distress in Rodents.
- Fallon et,al. Post-Procedure Care of Mice and Rats in Research: Reducing Pain and Distress.
- Kohn et,al. (2006). Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Pain in Rodents and Rabbits.
References
- Takeda, N., Hasegawa, S., Morita, M., & Matsunaga, T. (1993). Pica in rats is analogous to emesis: an animal model in emesis research. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 45(4), 817–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90126-e
- Additional references listed on References page of Rat Health Guide Index.
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